달튼 진민 Precal 수업노트

8109

Chapter I .
Fundamental .

1. I

1) Number

D I .
2.3 . . .
natural no .

③ O . 1.2 - -
Whole no .

③ -2 I O 1- C natural )
integers
've no

f profit
-

- - ' ' .
.
.

-
real no .

negative
④ rational form
I I I (
tf of # ,
-
-
- - -
no .
o
' . ,

Complex no .

-
⑤ IT VI e irrational no no end
I
, , . - . .

no
repeat
FI
'

C )
Imaginary no -_
-
. n

2) interval notation
open
⇒ C )
f
,

close ⇒ L , ]

) 2 s X C lo ⇒ C 2,10 )
eg

-3 EX S5 ⇒
I -3,5 )

X 3 -

I ⇒ I -

I. to )

3) Absolute valve i
always positive .

① Definition

txt x it x > o
I
-

x it xco
 ② Absolute value
equation

) solve 2×-111=3
eg

⇒ 2×+1 =3 or 2×+1=-3

2X = 2 271=-4
X - I X= -2

③ Distance between two points on the no .

line .

⇒ a -
b or
b -

1.2 Exponential and radical

1)
Exponent
index
exponent .

power .

ne
D axax -
. -

x a = A
T
n times
base

③ Index law

Amx an = qmtn
n

am-ian.am
-

Ao = I .
Oo =
undefined .

"

Cam ) - amn
"
A =

at i reciprocal

at =
Wa

( ab )m= am bm .

am
( IT -

bm
 eg
)
simplify
! 326%14
C eliminate
negative exp
)

=3
-6
s 't = 35
46

2) Scientific notation ( standard form )

"

X= Ax 10 If As 10 n C
integer )
⇒ , ,

) O 0000000125 = 1.25×10-8
eg
.

3) Radical

'T "

① If x =
A then X ' A .

4Vx4= 1×1
f
lat ✓ a Van
'

A =

,
=
lat , nceven ,

Indy
± 't
V X' yet
-

,
simplify z
=
( x' get z ) ⇒ z
eg

eg
, 14=2

(
roots of 4 = IL
square

✓ yerx
j
'T
eg
)
simplify 4V81X8y4 =
( 81×44 ) =
3X4y1
② Rationalise

is I Ta
×
ra ra

11 ) I A -

Fb
×
Atfb a- Tb
-

conjugate pair

, rationalise 4 8-1455
eg
=

2- VJ
 3
1.
Algebra .

I .
Voca

) 3×5 2×0+5×2 6
eg
- -

① i 5
degree
② coefficients
i 3 .
-2 . 5

③
leading coefficient i 3

⑨ variable i X

⑤ constant i
-

6
'
⑨ terms i 3×5 ,
-

2X ,
5×2 ,
-

2 .

Polynomial
" " '

pcx ) = An X t Ani X t - -
-

t A. Xt do Cn i whole no .
)

fix , 3×4-12×2
, =

3+4 I not polynomial

-

eg

3 .
Formula

Xty5 X42xyty
-

D C =

'

5
-

② X X
y 2xyty
C -
= -

difference of
' -

③ )
Cxtyscx y x
y i two
-
=

squares
-

' '

yicxtxyty
'

⑨ X Cx )
y
-
= -

't
'

cxtyscx
' '

X )
⑤ y xyty
= -
A factor by grouping
.se

factors
'
, X -2×2-3×+6
eg

= XZ C x -

2) -3 C X
-

2)

'
=
C X -

2) C X -3 ) =
C X -

2) CX -153 ) C X -

VJ )
1.4 Rational
expression

1)
Compound C ) fraction
complex
a

:D age
=

-4 XZ -3×-4
simplify Xts
) x
eg ÷ =

X' -4 X45Xt6 C X -

2) C Xtl )

leg
I XCXt2 ) -1
X -1

iIi
H2
,
simplify
7)
= =

I × , ,
X -

Xt2 Xt2

txt
=
15×42×-1
1.5
Equation .

1)
Rearrange .

2×+1 to X
eg
)
y= changes .

x -

Cx
by 2x -11
-

'

Xy 3y=
2X -11
-

Xy
2X
sytl
- =

Xcy
-

2) =
Sy -11 I x= Ytl
2
y
-

2 Linear C
y
-
mxtc i
slope intercept form )
equation
-
.

1) Given two points ( Xi , Y, ) C Xz , Ya )

D Ya Y ,
slope
-

Xz -
X ,

Tita )
't
③ midpoint =

( Xitzxz ,

distance V Ck Xi ) 't
'

③ = -

Cy .
-

y, )

2) Given two lines I i Y =

Mix -1C
I
, ,

k i
y -
mix ta

D ( I Kk ) Mi Me and solution
parallel i GIG ⇒
-
, no

③ perpendicular C I ,
that i Mix Mz =
-

I ⇒ one solution

③ coincident i Mi =
Mz Cl -
Ca ⇒
infinitely many
.
3 Quadratic ( ax 't bxtc O at )
equation
.
-
,
o

aa
Y
" ⇒
shape i concave
up
I , ⇒ concave down

2) intercept X int i CX 0 ) → factor isatin or

quadratic formula
I
.

int co
y )
i .
y

I ) form C vertex form )

completing square

⇒ NX -
m ) 't n form

D vertex C M ,
n )

I ⑤
symmetry
line X -
m

③
aktbxtc-o.in/=-aba C vertex )

4) Quadratic formula

b±VbZ-4ac
X=
La

Discriminant
'
A C D= b -

Tac )

① D > o i two real roots

so D= O i
equal roots

③ D C 0 real roots Rl
(
i no in

two roots in ¢
complex
 '

)
y 2x X I
- -

eg
-

a) U
shape

b) X.
y intercept Cl .
O ) C -

I. 07 CO .
-
I )

2×2 -

X -

1=0

L T
( X -
1) (2×+1)=0

x=l ,
-

c) vertex form

Ix I
'

21×-45
I
'
=2CX I
y 2x X ) I
- - - -
-
=
- -

ex -

4kt = a ex -

45 -

f
d) vertex and line
symmetry

Cgt .
-

f- I A- IT
e) sketch .

I •

fat .
-

fi
5. Cubic C ax 'tbx4cxtd=O Ato )
equation .

n a > o ~
shape
I
ago ~

2) int O )
intercept I
x C X.

int co
y .gs

sketch CXTIICXTS N
,
y CX 2) ) C 2. ) C I. ) C -3,0 )
=
o o
eg
-
-

( O ,
-

f )

FX
.

¥ ;
touch ?
,

-250
eg& sketch
y=
-

XCX h C 0.0 ) C 2,0 )

O ,
2

A
 6 .

Inequality

1) Quadratic
inequality

If as b C critical points )

D CX -

a) Cx -
b ) SO ⇒ Acxcb
I
CX

begs
so -

aux -
b ) 70 ⇒ xca .
X >

-2×2-13×+2 SO

2×2-3×-2 70

C X -

2) C 2x -11 ) 70 I XE -

I .
X 72
a -

A
x
2

) Solve XCX .

1) CX -12 ) C O
eg
O I -2

I A I x I test point .

to -2
-
I 0
I I I

+ t t t t ttt
- -
-
-

I -

LCXCO ,
ocxcl

leg
+ + t
) solve -
2) XCX )
CXH C X -13 ) E O

O 2 -

I -3

<

X
I I I I

I -

I o 2 mo

I TEXE -

I ,
OEXEL
7 Variation C ) direct
.
.

proportion g
inverse . indirect

1) Direct variation

y a fix ) ⇒
y
=
kfixs ⇒ valve of K ⇒ formula

, P is
directly proportional to the of Q When Q is
eg square
.

5 . P is IN .

formula
'

a) P = k .

Q , too -_
ask I k=4

I p=4Q2

b) valve of p when 0=2 4.4=16

.

p=

2) Inverse variation

valve formula
y=¥ of
- ⇒ K ⇒
Y fax ⇒
, ,

ny
, The of is proportional to the
eg pressure gas square
Cps
rot of the volume when V 4 50
p
. is ,
is .

( V)

as formula 100
p=

b) value of V when V =
I
p=Io0 .
 Function
Chapter 2 .

I Domain and
range
.
.

T T
set of input set of output
Cx , Cy ,
^

&
domain
-1

range

A Basic
graphs

y=aX2 tax
.
⑤ ③
①
y=mxtC
A
M ) 0

)
a

>
✓ a ,

'
. a > o

'

(
② f- Fx ^
⑤ y= Tx
⑥ f- tx .
a

r '
r '
L '

I )
If
"

if
⑦ f- ⑧ y= a ⑨ f- bgax

I
^
a a

× . .
 Vx domain ?
,
y -2
-

eg range
-

I
domain i X 32

range
i
y zo

5×+1 domain ?
,
y
-

eg range
,

domain i XER

y
i > I
-

range
;
- - - - - - - - - -
=

2 .

Mapping
x it
D one to one i function f- 2x -11
egs

function
-

③ to one i )
f- 2X
many eg

II
'

③ one to i not tmctim )

y
= X
many eg ,

④ to not f- meth
X4y'=4
a
i ,
many many eg
, >

⇒ function or not i vertical line test .

3 . Function

1) Even function reflection in

y-axis
I
fix , =
fix )

) cosx secx
eg
,

21 Odd function reflection the

in
origin
I
-

fix , =
text
sinx tax cscx cotx
egs
. . ,

eg
) determine fans -_ 4X4 -12×43 ,
even .
odd or neither ?

f- C- X ) =
4C -
XY -12C -
XP -13

=
4X4 -12×2-13 =
fix ) k even fmcthn .

fad Xttx
'
) determine =
-
-

X even odd or neither ?

eg
.
,

f- c- x ) = -

fix ) L odd function .

Inverse * function reflection in

y
-
X

fix ) .
J 't ' I Cx .
y ) →
Cy . x )

to
only one one
mapping

D how to find the inverse function

and
X
y
I
step swaps
.

I
to
step
2 .

rearrange y
 , text -_ 2×41 X > O find fix ?
eg
. .

't
X=2y I

y =/ f- =/
' '
I Xt
2yZ= x
y : in an
-

,
-

'
ex ) ?
gas £+1
)
g-
-

eg
.

'
L ex , d- X
g-
=

2X

fix )
'

2) f- Cx ,
domain a s
range
g

c s domain
range

og
) fan -_x42 . X > O .
y 32

✓
a) find =
x -2

b) domain .

range
for fix ) .

XXL
y > 0
4 .

Composite function

1)
mapping
A tgcx , Fgftx ,

t . a .

X fix gffixs)

-
got
fix ) gfix )
2) notation i
got go
= =

fofof fix , fix

'
. . -

of =

eg
, , F Cfcxs )

T t
fcfaa ) tag .

fix ,

fix , 2×+1 4×2

gas
, = -

eg ,

a)
tyg ) 214×7+1 8×41
= =

b)
gfix ,
=
412×-115
N
c )
fgfa ) =
f- go I =
fab ) =
73
5 Greatest function C function )
.

integer step

D Ex ] less
y= i
greatest integer than or
equal to X .

eg
) [ 2.8 ] =
2

[ -
0.3 ] = -

②
graph .

a ,

2 -
o_0

• -0
I
-

00-0 I I )
I d
j
• -
o

'

'