MODULE 02a:

Theory Oxygen Concentrator

 Oxygen: Nature and risks

Important to know:
□ Oxygen itself is non-flammable
□ It is a necessary ingredient for fire
□ Pure oxygen at high pressure:
■ Some materials can catch fire spontaneously
■ Nearly all materials will burn vigorously (even metals)

□ Small increase in oxygen level in air (e.g. leaking valve):

■ Easier starting a fire
■ Will burn hotter and more fiercly
■ Very difficult to put fire out
 Sources of Oxygen: O2 Cylinder

Cylinders:
-Identification to not mix product
-Different size:
- Different purpose
- Different pressure resistance

Regulator
-2 displays = bottle pressure + flowmeter
-Connection = minimum adaptator
-Humidifier = Big size cylinders
 Sources of Oxygen: O2 Cylinder

Transport:
• Better leaving transport to the supplier
• Use a trolley for transport inside hospital
• Always transport vertically
• PPE when manipulating: gloves, security shoes and googles
 Sources of Oxygen: O2 Cylinder

Storage:AVOID PHARMACY
• Dedicated storage area away from inflammable
good
• Storage zone with limited access
• Cylinders must be secured to avoid falling
• Store in well ventilated area
•No smoking close to the area
• Security instruction must be seen by everyone:
Hazardous product, No smoking signs, PPE wears,…

•Insert picture Tabarre O2 storage zone +

Security signs
 Sources of Oxygen: O2 Cylinder

Use
• Bottles must be attached to wall or secured in a stand
• Decontaminate with sulfanios
• ONLY use regulators labeled for O2
• Turn back ½ turn to avoid seizure in an open position
• When not in use, close the valve
• Use detergent to find leakages
• If available: stick to well known brand names with
certificates : Air Liquide, BOC

• NEVER REFILL Small bottles with Big bottles

• Never use grease or oil
Sources of Oxygen: O2 Cylinder

Advantages (+) Disavantages (-)

High pressure (Needed for anaesthesia) Limited volume
High flow (Needed for reanimation) Expensive
No power source needed Dangerous to transport
Small bottles = Portable Big bottles = Heavy
Need a reliable source
Quality not always good
Oxygen Extraction: How does it work?

Air:
78% N2 + 21% O2 + 1% Ar

Zeolite granules
absorbs Nitrogen
from pressureised air
Oxygen Concentrator
MSF Standards
Devilbiss 515 AKS/525KS Airsep NewLife Intensity SeQual Eclipse 3/5
Oxygen Concentrator
Devilbiss 515 AKS/525KS
•Startup test (4 LEDs + biiip)
•Flow: Max 5 l/min Min > 0 l/min
In case of Alarm:
•Which LED is litt (Blinking ?)
•Audible alarm (pulsing or continius ?)
•Verify Flowmeter
•Low Oxygen (15 min)
 Oxygen Concentrator
Devilbiss 515 AKS/525KS
•OSD Alarms:
Yellow LED «Low Oxygen»: Oxygen : 84% à 75%

Yellow LED «Low Oxygen» and «Biiip»: Oxygen: 75% à 60%

Red LED «Service Required» and «Biiip» : Oxygen: <60%

Important: OSD is only activated after 15 minutes !!!

 Oxygen Concentrator
Devilbiss 515 AKS/525KS
□ Connection of patient :
■ Avoid long tubes
■ Humidifier if > 1 day
■ Avoid connecting more than one
patient to 1 concentrator
■ For pediatric, use a flowsplitter
■ For contaminated patient (Air
borne infections), use a TB Kit
Sources of Oxygen: O2 Concentrator

Advantages (+) Disavantages (-)

Inexpensive in use Not suitable for all uses
Independency (your own O2 production) Need regular maintenance
MSF Standard (Training / Spare parts) Need electricity
« Easy » to move in the ward Flow max = 10 lt/min
Safe (No big volumes of O2 / Control of O2
%)
Oxygen Concentrator
Devilbiss 515 AKS/525KS
Pneumatic schematic

Pressions:
Pressure relief valve: 40psi +/-5psi
Accumulator tank: 22-27 psi
During Depressurization (Sieve): 2 psi
Outlet: 8.5 psi
Oxygen Concentrator
Devilbiss 515 AKS/525KS
Electrical scheme
 Oxygen Concentrator
Devilbiss 515 AKS/525KS
Preventive maintenance Protocol I: User
• Clean surfaces
• Change / Sterilize / Disinfect
Humidifier and tubes.
• Clean foam filer 2x per week
 Oxygen Concentrator
Devilbiss 515 AKS/525KS
Preventive maintenance Protocol II: Technical
• Every 3 months (in moderately dusty environment):
•Change case-filter
•Remove dust inside
• Once a year:
•Replace final anti-bacterial filter
Oxygen Concentrator
Devilbiss 515 AKS/525KS
Spare parts
□ Filters
□ Sieve beds
□ 4-way valve
□ Compressor maintenance kit
□ Pressure regulator
□ Check-valve
□ Motherboard
□ Front panel
□ Fan
□ Capacitor
□ Flow-meter
□ On/Off switch
□ (Oxygen analyzer)
 Typical problems

□ All models
■ User faults:
□ Too High or Low Flow
□ Leakage caused by badly installed Humidifier
□ Pinched tubes
■ >10.000 hours: Sieve beds
■ 10-20.000 hours: Compressor

□ 515 AKS:
■ Mother board

□ 525:
■ Sieve beds ?
■ More problems with heat
Oxygen Concentrator
AirSep Newlife Intensity
Benefits of the NewLife Intensity Vs 525KS
•10L/min
•20 psi outlet pressure

2 main differencies to know:

Dual-function hour meter.

–Total elapsed hours Re-Set Switch
Toggles between elapsed and TMR1
–Accumulated Hours (TMR1) can be re-set Hold for 3 seconds to re-set TMR1

Solenoid Valves
5 solenoid valves control the flow of air to
make oxygen
•Feed Valves (2)
•Waste Valves (2)
•Equalization Valve
 Solenoid valves VS 4 ways valve

Solenoid Valve Operation

All 5 solenoid valves work identically:
–Voltage is applied to the appropriate solenoid
–The upper portion of the valve stem becomes magnetized.
–the core moves upward, lifting the seat away from the orifice.
–When voltage is removed, the core lowers and the seat
closes the valve.

4ways Valve Operation

Pressure Swing Adsorption
Step (1)

1. Pressurized air from the compressor

enters the valve manifold.
2. Feed Valve A is open. Air flows through
feed valve A and into sieve bed A
3. Nitrogen is adsorbed in sieve bed A and
separated from the oxygen.
4. Concentrated oxygen exits the top of
bed A and travels outward for flow
delivery
5. Waste Valve B is open. Bed B is
depressurizes and releases the
adsorbed nitrogen.
6. The nitrogen exits the manifold through
the muffler to atmosphere.
Pressure Swing Adsorption
Step (2)

1. Feed Valve A remains open. Air flows

through the feed valve and into sieve
bed A.
2. Nitrogen is adsorbed in sieve bed A and
separated from the oxygen.
3. Concentrated oxygen exits the top of
the sieve bed and travels outward for
flow delivery.
4. Waste Valve B closes and the
Equalization Valve opens.
5. Oxygen flows from Bed A to Bed B.
This pressurizes Bed B to prepare it for
absorption in the next step. The higher
the pressure in the bed, the more
efficient the absorption of nitrogen.
Pressure Swing Adsorption
Step (3)

1. The Equalization Valve remains open.

2. Oxygen flows from Bed A to Bed B.
This pressurizes Bed B to prepare to
makes its adsorption more efficient.
3. Feed Valve A closes and the Feed
Valve B opens.
4. Pressurized air from the compressor
flows through feed valve B and into
sieve bed B.
5. Nitrogen is adsorbed in sieve bed B and
separated from the oxygen.
6. Concentrated oxygen continues to exit
Sieve bed A while the equalization
valve is open.
Pressure Swing Adsorption
Step (4)
1. The Equalization valve closes and
Waste valve A opens.
2. Feed valve B remains open. Air flows
through feed valve B and into sieve bed
B
3. Nitrogen is adsorbed in sieve bed B and
separated from the oxygen.
4. Concentrated oxygen exits the top of
bed B and travels outward for flow
delivery
5. Bed A is depressurizing and the
adsorbed nitrogen from Step 1-2 is
exiting.
6. The nitrogen travels through waste A
valve and exits the manifold through the
muffler and out to atmosphere.
Pressure Swing Adsorption
Step (5)

1. Feed Valve B remains open. Air flows

through the feed valve and into sieve
bed B.
2. Nitrogen is adsorbed in sieve bed B and
separated from the oxygen.
3. Concentrated oxygen exits the top of
the sieve bed and travels outward for
flow delivery.
4. Waste Valve A closes and the
Equalization Valve opens.
5. Oxygen flows from Bed B to Bed A.
This pressurizes Bed A to prepare it for
absorption in the next step. The higher
the pressure in the bed, the more
efficient the absorption of nitrogen.
Pressure Swing Adsorption
Step (6)

1. The Equalization Valve remains

open.
2. Oxygen flows from Bed B to Bed A.
This pressurizes Bed A to prepare to
makes its adsorption more efficient.
3. Feed Valve B closes and the Feed
Valve A opens.
4. Pressurized air from the compressor
flows through feed valve A and into
sieve bed A.
5. Nitrogen is adsorbed in sieve bed A and
separated from the oxygen.
6. Concentrated oxygen continues to exit
Sieve bed B while the equalization
valve is open.
Circuit Board
•Controls the PSA cycle by opening and
closing the solenoid valves.
•Detects system pressure.
•Activates alarms as necessary.
•2-3 solenoid lights should always be
illuminated

Pressure Transducer
High/Low Pressure Alarm Lights Solenoid
Valve Operation Lights Solenoid Valve
Connections
Alarm Connector O2 monitor connection (if
equipped)
Oxygen Concentrator
DeVilbiss 515 AKS/525KS