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  • Ecology: Basic Relationships Among Organisms

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    This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology, including: 1) It describes different levels of biological organization from populations to biomes. 2) It explains important ecological concepts like food chains, food webs, biotic and abiotic factors, niches, producers, consumers, and decomposers. 3) It outlines some basic relationships between organisms like competition, predation, commensalism, parasitism, and mutualism. 4) It identifies major environmental concerns such as ozone depletion, global warming, and the greenhouse effect.

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    This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology, including: 1) It describes different levels of biological organization from populations to biomes. 2) It explains important ecological concepts like food chains, food webs, biotic and abiotic factors, niches, producers, consumers, and decomposers. 3) It outlines some basic relationships between organisms like competition, predation, commensalism, parasitism, and mutualism. 4) It identifies major environmental concerns such as ozone depletion, global warming, and the greenhouse effect.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    17 views2 pages

    Ecology: Basic Relationships Among Organisms

    Uploaded by

    jids06
    This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology, including: 1) It describes different levels of biological organization from populations to biomes. 2) It explains important ecological concepts like food chains, food webs, biotic and abiotic factors, niches, producers, consumers, and decomposers. 3) It outlines some basic relationships between organisms like competition, predation, commensalism, parasitism, and mutualism. 4) It identifies major environmental concerns such as ozone depletion, global warming, and the greenhouse effect.

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    of 2

    PSCASTAÑEDA |1

    Ecology  Feed on organic wastes and dead


    organisms and requires their
     Study of relationships and nutrients to the environment
    interactions among organisms with
    D. Food Chain
    their environment
     Series of steps in which energy is
    A. Levels of Biological Organization
    transferred among organisms by
    Beyond the Organism
    eating and being eaten
    Population > Community > Ecosystem >  Each step in the food chain is called
    Biome a “trophic level”
    Population E. Food web
     Group of individuals that to belong to  Network of complex eating
    the same species and live in the relationships of organisms
    same area
     Links all food chains in an ecosystem
    Communities
    Basic Relationships among
     A group of different populations
    Organisms
    living in an area
    A. Competition
    Ecosystem
     Organisms of the same or different
     All organisms in a particular place
    species attempt to use an ecological
    and environment
    resource in the same place at the
    Biome same time
     Group of ecosystems that are each B. Predation
    characterized by a unique set of
    abiotic factors  Predators capture and feed on
    another
    B. Biotic Factors
    C. Commensalism
     Biological influences on organisms
     An organism benefits and the other
    within an ecosystem
    is neither harmed/ helped
     Involves other living organisms that
    an organism might interact with D. Parasitism
    C. Abiotic Factors  One organism lives on or inside an
    organism and harms it
     Physical and non-living factors that
    affect the ecosystem E. Mutualism
    D. Niche  Both species benefit from the
    relationshi
     Organism’s occupation or its role to
    the ecosystem Environmental Concerns
    Flow of Matter and Energy A. Ozone depletion
    A. Producers/ Autotrophs  Ozone layer - absorbs most of the
    harmful UV rays of the sun
     Uses energy from the environment to
     Caused by the compound
    produce complex organic molecules
    necessary for tissue production chlorofluorocarbon
    B. Global Warming
    B. Consumer/ Heterotrophs
     Increased in the average
     Organisms that rely on other
    temperature of the biosphere and
    organisms for their food and energy
    supply caused by the addition of
    greenhouses gases such as carbon
    C. Decomposers/ Final Consumers and methane
    PSCASTAÑEDA |2

    C. Greenhouse Effect

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