Resonance Complex Numbers Module PDF

Complex Numbers
The shortest path between two truths in the real domain passes through the complex domain. ......Hadamard, Jacques
The complex number system

Indian mathematician Mahavira (850 A.D.) was first to mention in his work 'Ganitasara Sangraha'; 'As in
nature of things a negative (quantity) is not a square (quantity), it has, therefore, no square root'. Hence
there is no real number x which satisfies the polynomial equation x 2 + 1 = 0.
A symbol  1 , denoted by letter i was intrdouced by Swiss Mathematician, Leonhard Euler
(1707-1783) in 1748 to provide solutions of equation x 2 + 1 = 0. i was regarded as a fictitious or
imaginary number which could be manipulated algebrically like an ordinary real number, except that its
square was – 1. The letter i was used to denote  1 , possibly because i is the first letter of the Latin
word 'imaginarius'.
To permit solutions of such polynomial equations, the set of complex numbers is introduced. We can
consider a complex number as having the form a + bi where a and b are real number. It is denoted by
z i.e. z = a + ib. ‘a’ is called as real part of z which is denoted by (Re z) and ‘b’ is called as imaginary
part of z, which is denoted by (Im z).
Any complex number is :
(i) Purely real, if b = 0 ;
(ii) Imaginary, if b  0.
(iii) Purely imaginary, if a = 0
Note : (a) The set R of real numbers is a proper subset of the Complex Numbers. Hence the complete
number system is N  W  I  Q  R  C.
(b) Zero is purely real as well as purely imaginary but not imaginary.
(c) i = 1 is called the imaginary unit.
Also i² =  1; i 3 =  i ; i 4 = 1 etc.
(d) a b = a b only if atleast one of a or b is non - negative.
(e) If z = a + ib, then a – ib is called complex conjugate of z and written as z = a – ib

(f) Real numbers satisfy order relations where as imaginary numbers do not satisfy order relations
i.e. i > 0, 3 + i < 2 are meaningless.
Self Practice Problems
(1) Write the following as complex number
(i)  16 (ii) x , (x > 0) (iii) –b +  4ac , (a, c> 0)
(2) Write the following as complex number
(i) x (x < 0) (ii) roots of x 2 – (2 cos) x + 1 = 0
Answers : (1) (i) 0 + 4i (ii) x + 0i (iii) –b + i 4ac
(2) (i) 0+i x (ii) cos  + i sin  , cos  – i sin 
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Complex Numbers
Algebraic Operations:
Fundamental operations with complex numbers
In performing operations with complex numbers we can proceed as in the algebra of real numbers,
replacing i 2 by – 1 when it occurs.
1. Addition (a + bi) + (c + di) = a + bi + c + di = (a + c) + (b + d) i
2. Subtraction (a + bi) – (c + di) = a + bi – c – di = (a – c) + (b – d) i
3. Multiplication (a + bi) (c + di) = ac + adi + bci + bdi 2 = (ac – bd) + (ad+ bc)i
a  bi a  bi c  di ac  adi  bci  bdi 2

4. Division = . =
c  di c  di c  di c 2  d2i2
ac  bd  (bc  ad)i ac  bd bc  ad
= = 2 2 + i
2
c d 2
c d c 2  d2
Inequalities in imaginary numbers are not defined. There is no validity if we say that imaginary number
is positive or negative.
e.g. z > 0, 4 + 2i < 2 + 4 i are meaningless.
In real numbers if a2 + b2 = 0 then a = 0 = b however in complex numbers,

z12 + z22 = 0 does not imply z 1 = z2 = 0.
Example # 1 : Find the multiplicative inverse of 4 + 3i .

Solution : Let z be the multiplicative inverse of 4 + 3i then
z (4 + 3i) = 1
1 4  3i 4  3i 4  3i 4  3i
z= × = = . Ans.
4  3i 4  3i 16  9 25 25
Self Practice Problem :
(3) Simplify i n + i n+1 + i n+2 + i n+3 , n  .

Answer : 0
Equality In Complex Number :

Two complex numbers z1 = a1 + ib1 & z2 = a2 + ib2 are equal if and only if their real and imaginary parts
are equal respectively
i.e. z1 = z2  Re(z1) = Re(z2) and m (z1) = m (z2).
Example # 2 : Find the value of x and y for which

(x4 + 2xi) – (3x2 + yi) = (3 – 5i) + (1 + 2iy) , where x, y  R
Solution : (x4 + 2xi) – (3x2 + yi) = (3 – 5i) + (1 + 2iy)
 x4 – 3x2 – 4 = 0 x2 = 4  x = ± 2
and 2x – y = – 5 + 2y
2x + 5 = 3y
when x = 2  y = 3
and x = – 2  y = 1/3
Ans. (2,3) or (–2,1/3)
Example # 3 : Find the value of expression x 4 + 4x 3 + 5x 2 + 2x + 3, when x = – 1 + i.

Solution : x=–1+i
(x + 1)2 = i 2
x 2 + 2x + 2 = 0
now, x 4 + 4x 3 + 5x 2 + 2x + 3 = (x 2 + 2x + 2) (x 2 + 2x – 1) + 5
=5
Complex Numbers
Example # 4 : Find the square root of – 21 – 20i
Solution : Let x + iy = – 21 – 20i
2
(x + iy) = – 21 – 20 i
x2 – y2 = – 21 ----- (i)
xy = – 10 ----- (ii)
From (i) & (ii)
x2 = 4  x = ± 2
when x = 2, y = – 5 and x = –2, y = 5
x + iy = (2 – i5) or (–2 + i5)
Self Practice Problem
(4) Solve for z : z = i z2
(5) Given that x, y  R, solve : 4x² + 3xy + (2xy  3x²)i = 4y²  (x 2/2) + (3xy  2y²)i
3 1 3K
Answers : (4) ± – i, 0, i (5) x = K, y = KR
2 2 2
Representation of a complex number :

Early in the 19 th century, Karl Friedrich Gauss (1777 – 1855) and William Rowan Hamilton
(1805 – 1865) independently and almost simultaneously proposed idea of defining complex number as
ordered pair of real numbers. i.e. a + ib = (a, b)
To each complex number there corresponds one and only one point in plane, and conversely to each
point in the plane there corresponds one and only one complex number. Because of this we often refer
to the complex number z as the point z.
(a) Cartesian Form (Geometric Representation) :

Every complex number z = x + i y can be represented by a point on the Cartesian plane
known as complex plane (Argand diagram) by the ordered pair (x, y).
Length OP is called modulus of the complex number which is denoted by z &  is called the
argument or amplitude.
 y
z = x 2  y 2 and tan  =   (angle made by OP with positive x axis)
 x
Note : (i) Argument of a complex number is a many valued function. If  is the argument of a complex
number then 2n + ; n  I will also be the argument of that complex number. Any two
arguments of a complex number differ by 2n
(ii) The unique value of  such that   <   is called the principal value of the argument.
Unless otherwise stated, amp z implies principal value of the argument.
(iii) By specifying the modulus & argument a complex number is defined completely. For the complex
number 0 + 0 i the argument is not defined and this is the only complex number which is only
given by its modulus.
(b) Trignometric/Polar Representation :
z = r (cos  + i sin ) where z = r; arg z = ; z = r (cos  i sin )
Note : cos  + i sin  is also written as CiS 
Complex Numbers
(c) Euler's Formula :
z = rei, |z| = r, arg z = 
z = re i
Proof of this formula is beyond scope of present discussion. A heuristic proof serving as motivation
for this formula is by considering expansion.
x
x x2 x3
e = 1 + 1! + + + ..........
2! 3!
put x = i 
 2  4   3 5 
ei 1    ....... + i   
 
  ....... = cos + i sin .

 2! 4!   3! 5! 
e i  e i e i  e i
Note: If is real then cos  = ; sin  =
2 2i
(d) Vectorial Representation :
Every complex number can be considered as the position vector of a point. If the point P
 
represents the complex number z then, OP = z &  OP  = z
Agrument of a Complex Number :

Argument of a non-zero complex number P(z) is denoted and defined by arg(z) = angle which OP
makes with the positive direction of real axis.
If OP = |z| = r and arg(z) = , then obviously z = r(cos + isin), called the polar form of z. 'Argument of
z' would mean principal argument of z(i.e. argument lying in (–, ] unless the context requires otherwise.
Thus argument of a complex number z = a + ib = r(cos + isin) is the value of  satisfying rcos = a
and rsin = b.
b
Let  = tan–1
a
(i) a > 0, b > 0 p.v. arg z = 

(ii) a = 0, b > 0 p.v. arg z =
2
(iii) a < 0, b > 0 p.v. arg z =  – 
Complex Numbers
(iv) a < 0, b = 0 p.v. arg z = 
(v) a < 0, b < 0 p.v. arg z = – ( – )

(vi) a = 0, b < 0 p.v. arg z = –
2
(vii) a > 0, b < 0 p.v. arg z = – 
(viii) a > 0, b = 0 p.v. arg z = 0
Example # 5 : Solve for z if ( z )2 + 2|z| = 0.

Solution : Let z = x + iy
 x2 – y2 – 2ixy + 2 x 2  y 2 = 0  x2 – y2 + 2 x 2  y 2 = 0 and 2xy = 0
when x = 0,  – y2 + 2|y| = 0
 y = 0, 2, – 2
 z = 0, 2i, – 2i
when y=0  x2 + 2|x| = 0
 x=0z=0
Ans. z = 0, 2i, – 2i.
3
Example # 6 : Find the modulus and principal argument of complex number z = 1 + i tan , <  <
2
3
Solution : |z| = 1  tan 2  = |sec| = – sec,  where <  <
2
tan 
Arg (z) = tan–1 = tan– 1 (tan) = –
1
Ans. – sec , –
Complex Numbers

(2  i) (3 – 4i)
(6) Find the principal argument and |z|. If z =
3i
(7) Find the |z| and principal argument of the complex number z =–8(cos 310º – i sin 310°)
5 2
Answers : (6) – /4 , (7) 8, –130°
2
Demoivre’s Theorem:
Case 
Statement :
If n is any integer then
(i) (cos  + i sin  )n = cos n + i sin n
(ii) (cos 1 + i sin 1) (cos 2 + i sin 2) (cos3 + i sin 2) (cos 3 + i sin 3) .....(cos n + i sin n)
= cos (1 + 2 + 3 + ......... n) + i sin (1 + 2 + 3 + ....... + n)
Case 
Statement : If p, q  Z and q  0 then
 2k   p   2k   p 
(cos  + i sin )p/q = cos   + i sin  
 q   q 
where k = 0, 1, 2, 3, ......, q – 1
Note : Continued product of the roots of a complex quantity should be determined using theory of equations.
Self practice problems :

(8) Prove the identities :
(a) cos 5 = 16 cos5 – 20 cos3 + 5 cos ; (b) (sin 5) / (sin ) = 16 cos4 – 12 cos2 + 1,
if   0, ±  , ± 2 .........
3 1 1 1 3
(9) Prove that identities (a) sin 3 = sin  – sin 3 , (b) cos4 = cos 4 + cos 2 +
4 4 8 2 8
Geometrical Representation of Fundamental Operations :

(i) Geometrical representation of addition.
If two points P and Q represent complex numbers z 1 and z2 respectively in the Argand plane, then the
sum z1 + z2 is represented by the extremity R of the diagonal OR of parallelogram OPRQ having
OP and OQ as two adjacent sides.
(ii) Geometric representation of substraction.
Complex Numbers
(iii) Modulus and argument of multiplication of two complex numbers.
Theorem : For any two complex numbers z 1, z2 we have |z1 z2| = |z1| |z2| and
arg (z1z2) = arg (z1) + arg (z2).
Proof : z1 = r1 ei1 , z2 = r2 ei2
z1z2 = r2r2 e i( 1  2 )  |z1z2| = |z1| |z2|
arg (z1z2) = arg (z1) + arg (z2)
i.e. to multiply two complex numbers, we multiply their absolute values and add their
arguments.
Note : (i) P.V. arg (z1z2)  P.V. arg (z1) + P.V. arg (z2)
(ii) |z1 z2 .... zn| = |z1| |z2| ..... |zn|
(iii) arg (z1z2 .... zn) = arg z1 + arg z2 + ..... + arg z n
(iv) Geometrical representation of multiplication of complex numbers.

Let P, Q be represented by z 1 = r1 ei1 , z2 = r2 ei2 repectively. To find point R representing
complex number z1z2 , we take a point L on real axis such that OL = 1 and draw triangle OQR
similar to triangle OLP. Therefore
OR OP
=  OR = OP.OQ i.e. OR = r1r2 and QÔR = 1
OQ OL
LÔR = LÔP + PÔQ + QÔR = 1 + 2 – 1 + 1 = 1 + 2

Hence, R is represented by z 1z2 = r1r2 e i( 1  2 )
(v) Modulus and argument of division of two complex numbers.
z1 | z1 |
Theorem : If z 1 and z 2 (0) are two complex numbers, then z2 = | z | and
2
 z1 
arg  z  = arg (z1) – arg (z2)
 2
 z1 
Note : P.V. arg  z   P.V. arg (z1) – P.V. arg (z2)
 2
(vi) Geometrical representation of the division of complex numbers.

Let P, Q be represented by z 1 = r1e i1 , z2 = r2 ei2 respectively. To find point R representing
z1
complex number z , we take a point L on real axis such that OL = 1 and draw a triangle OPR
2
OP OR r1
similar to OQL. Therefore =  OR = r
OQ OL 2
and LÔR = LÔP – RÔP = 1 – 2

z1 r
Hence, R is represented by = 1 e i( 1 2 ) .
z2 r2
Complex Numbers
Conjugate of a complex Number :
Conjugate of a complex number z = a + ib is denoted and defined by z = a – ib.
In a complex number if we replace i by – i, we get conjugate of the complex number. z is the mirror
image of z about real axis on Argand's Plane.
Geometrical representation of conjugate of complex number.

|z| = | z |
arg ( z) = – arg (z)
General value of arg ( z) = 2n – P.V. arg (z)
Prop ert ies
zz zz
(i) If z = x + iy, then x = ,y=
2 2i
(ii) z= z  z is purely real
(iii) z+ z =0  z is purely imaginary
(iv) Relation between modulus and conjugate. |z| 2 = z z
(v) zz
(vi) ( z 1  z 2 ) = z1 ± z 2
n n
(vii) (z1 z 2 ) = z1 z2 , In general (z ) = (z)
 z1  ( z1 )
(viii)   = (z  0)
 z2  ( z2 ) 2
Theorem : Imaginary roots of polynomial equations with real coefficients occur in conjugate
pairs
Proof : If z0 is a root of a0zn + a1zn–1 + ...... + an–1 z + an = 0,
a0, a1, ....... an  R, then a 0 z n0 + a1zn01 + ....... + an–1 z0 + an = 0
By using property (vi) and (vii) we have a 0 z0n + a1z0n1 + ....... + a n1z 0 + an = 0
 z0 is also a root.
Note : If w = f(z), then w = f( z )
Theorem : |z1 ± z2|2 = |z1|2 + |z2|2 ± (z1 z2 + z1 z2) = |z1|2 + |z2|2 ± 2 Re(z1 z2 )
= |z1|2 + |z2|2 ± 2 |z1| |z2| cos (1 – 2)
z 1
Example # 7 : If is purely imaginary, then prove that | z | = 1
z 1
 z  1 z 1  z  1
Solution : Re   =0  +   =0

 z  1 z 1  z  1 
z 1 z 1
 + =0
z 1 z 1
 zz – z + z – 1 + zz – z + z – 1 = 0
 zz = 1  | z |2 = 1  |z|=1 Hence proved
(10) If |z + | > | z  1| and |  | 1 , then show that |z| < 1.
(11) If z = x + iy and f(z) = x 2 – y2 – 2y + i(2x – 2xy), then show that f(z) = z 2 + 2iz
a  ib a 2  b2
(12) If x + iy = prove that (x 2 + y2)2 = 2
c  id c  d2
Complex Numbers
Distance, Triangular Inequality
If z1 = x 1 + iy1, z2 = x 2 + iy2 , then distance between points z 1, z2 in argand plane is
|z1 – z2| = ( x 1  x 2 ) 2  ( y 1  y 2 )2
In triangle OAC
OC  OA + AC
OA  AC + OC
AC  OA + OC
using these in equalities we have ||z 1| – |z2||  |z1 + z2|  |z1| + |z2|
Similarly from triangle OAB
we have ||z1| – |z2||  |z1 – z2|  |z1| + |z2|
Note : (a) ||z1| – |z2|| = |z1 + z2|, |z1 – z2| = |z1| + |z2| iff origin, z 1 and z2 are collinear and origin lies
between z1 and z2 .
(b) |z1 + z2| = |z1| + |z2|, ||z1| – |z2|| = |z1 – z2| iff origin, z 1 and z2 are collinear and z 1 and z2 lies
on the same side of origin.
Example # 8 : If |z – 5 – 7i| = 9, then find the greatest and least values of |z – 2 – 3i|.
Solution : We have 9 = |z – (5 + 7i)| = distance between z and 5 + 7i.
Thus locus of z is the circle of radius 9 and centre at 5 + 7i. For such a z (on the circle), we
have to find its greatest and least distance as from 2 + 3i, which obviously 14 and 4.
Example # 9 : Find the minimum value of |z| + |z – 2|

Solution : |z| + |z – 2|  |z + 2 – z|
|z| + |z – 2|  2
Ans. 2
Example # 10 : If i  [/6, /3], i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and

3
z4 cos 1 + z3 cos 2 + z2 cos 3. + z cos 4 + cos5 = 2 3 , then show that |z| >
4
Solution : Given that cos1 . z4 + cos2 . z3 + cos3 . z2 + cos4 . z + cos5 = 23
or |cos1 . z4 + cos2 . z3 + cos3 . z2 + cos4 . z + cos5| = 23
23  |cos1 . z4 | + |cos2 . z3 | + |cos3 . z2 | + cos4 . z| + |cos5 |
 i  [/6, /3]
1 3
  cosi 
2 2
3 3 3 3 3
2 3  |z|4 + |z|3 + |z|2 + |z| +
2 2 2 2 2
3  |z|4 + |z|3 + |z|2 + |z|
Case I : If |z| > 1, then above result is automatically true
Case II : If |z| < 1, then
3 < |z| + |z| 2 + |z|3 + |z|4 +|z|5 + .........
|z| 3 3
3 < 1 | z |  3 – 3 |z| < |z|  |z| > Hence by both cases, |z| >
4 4
Complex Numbers
3
Example # 11 : z  = 2, then find maximum and minimum value of | z |.
z
3 3
Solution : z  z
z z
Let |z| = r
3 3
r 2 –2r– 2
r r
r2 + 2r – 3  0 ........(i)
and r2 – 2r – 3  0 ........(ii)  r  [1, 3]
from (i) and (ii)
|z|max = 3 and |z|min = 1.

(13) |z – 3| < 1 and |z – 4i| > M then find the positive real value of M for which there exist at least
one complex number z satisfying both the equation.
1 1
(14) If z lies on circle |z| = 2, then show that 4 2 
z  4z  3 3
Answer : (13) M  (0, 6)
Important results :
(i) arg z =  represnets points (non-zero) on ray eminating
from origin making an angle  with positive direction of
real axis
(ii) arg (z – z1) =  represents points (z1) on ray eminating

f rom z 1 m aki ng a n angl e  wi t h posi t i v e
direction of real axis
 2
Example # 12 : Solve for z, which satisfy Arg (z – 3 – 2i) = and Arg (z – 3 – 4i) = .
6 3
Solution : From the figure, it is clear that there is no z, which satisfy both ray
Example # 13 : Sketch the region given by

(i) /2  Arg (z – 1 – i) /3 (ii) |z|  4 & Arg (z – i – 1) >/4
Solution :
/3
m
/3
(i) (ii)
Complex Numbers
(15) Sketch the region given by
(i) |Arg (z – i – 2)| < /4 (ii) Arg (z + 1 – i) /6
(16) Consider the region |z – 4 – 3i|  3. Find the point in the region which has
(i) max |z| (ii) min |z|
(iii) max arg (z) (iv) min arg (z)
Answers : (15) (i) (ii)
32 24 8 6 28 96
(16) (i) i (ii) i (iii)  i (iv) 4 + 0i
5 5 5 5 25 25
Rotation theorem :
(i) If P(z1) and Q(zz) are two complex numbers such that |z 1| = |z2|, then z2 = z1 eiwhere  = POQ
(ii) If P(z1), Q(z2) and R(z3) are three complex numbers and
 z3  z2  z3  z2
PQR = , then  z  z  = z1  z 2 e
i
 1 2 
(iii) If P(z1), Q(z2), R(z3) and S(z4) are four complex numbers
z3  z4 z3  z 4
i
and STQ = , then = z1  z 2 e
z1  z 2
z
1m
 z  1  /4
Example # 14 : If arg   = then interpret the locus.
 z  1 4
 z  1   1 z   –3/4
Solution : arg   =  arg   = –1 0 1 Re
 z  1 4   1 z  4
 1 z 
Here arg   represents the angle between lines joining –1 and z, and 1 and z. As this
  1 z 
angle is constant, the locus of z will be a larger segment of circle. (angle in a segment is
constant).
Example # 15 : If A(2 + 3i) and B(3 + 4i) are two vertices of a square ABCD (take in anticlock wise order) then
find C and D.
Solution : Let affix of C and D are z3 and z4 respectively.
Considering DAB = 90º and AD = AB
i
z 4  (2  3 i) AD 2
we get = e
(3  4i) – (2  3i) AB
 z4 – (2 + 3i) = (1 + i) i
 z4 = 2 + 3i+ i – 1 = 1 + 4i
i
z 3  (3  4 i) CB – 2
and = e
(2  3i) – (3  4i) AB
 z3 = 3 + 4i – (1 + i) (–i)  z3 = 3 + 4i + i – 1 = 2 + 5i
Complex Numbers
(17) Let ABC be an isosceles triangle inscribed in the circle |z|= r with AB = AC. If z 1, z2, z3
represent the points A, B, C respectively, show that z2 z3 = z12
(18) Check that z1z2 and z3z4 are parallel or, not
where, z1 = 1 + i z3 = 4 + 2i
z2 = 2 – i z4 = 1 – i
(19) P is a point on the argand diagram on the circle with OP as diameter, two point Q and R are
taken such that POQ = QOR = If O is the origin and P, Q, R are represented by complex
z1, z2, z3 respectively then show that z 22 cos 2 = z1z3cos2
(20) If a, b, c ; u, v, w are complex numbers representing the vertices of two triangles such that
c = (1 – r) a + rb, w = (1 – r) u + rv where r is a complex number show that the two triangles are
similiar.
Answers : (18) z1z2 and z3z4 are not parallel.
Cube Root of Unity :
(i) The cube roots of unity are 1,  1  i 3 ,  1  i 3 .

2 2
(ii) If  is one of the imaginary cube roots of unity then 1 +  + ² = 0. In general 1 + r + 2r = 0;
where r   but is not the multiple of 3.
(iii) In polar form the cube roots of unity are :
2 2 4 4
cos 0 + i sin 0; cos + i sin , cos + i sin
3 3 3 3
(iv) The three cube roots of unity when plotted on the argand plane constitute the verties of an
equilateral triangle.
(v) The following factorisation should be remembered :
(a, b, c  R &  is the cube root of unity)
a3  b3 = (a  b) (a  b) (a  ²b) ; x 2 + x + 1 = (x  ) (x  2) ;
3 3 2 2 2 2
a + b = (a + b) (a + b) (a +  b) ; a + ab + b = (a – b) (a – b )
3 3 3
a + b + c  3abc = (a + b + c) (a + b + ²c) (a + ²b + c)
Example # 16 : Find the value of 200 + 198 + 193.

Solution : 200 + 198 + 193
2 + 1 +  = 0.
Example # 17 If W is an imaginary cube root of unity then find the value of

1 1 1
+ –
1  2w 2w 1 w
1 1 1 1 1 1
Solution : + – = + –
1 w  w 1  (1  w ) 1 w – w2  w 1– w2 –w 2
1 1 1 w(1  w )  w 2  1 – w 2 1 w  w2
= w(1 – w )   = = 2 =0
(1 – w 2 ) w 2 w 2 (1 – w 2 ) w (1 – w 2 )
Ans. 0
Complex Numbers
100
r
(21) Find  (1   2r )
r 0
(22) It is given that n is an odd integer greater than three, but n is not a multiple of 3. Prove that
x 3 + x 2 + x is a factor of (x + 1) n – x n – 1
(23) If x = a + b, y = a + b , z = a + b where ,  are imaginary cube roots of unity show that

xyz = a3 + b3
5 2
 n 1 
(24) 2
If x – x + 1 = 0, then find the value of 
n 1
x  n 
 x 
Answers : (21) 102 (24) 8
n th Roots of Unity :
If 1, 1, 2, 3..... n  1 are the n, nth root of unity then :
(i) They are in G.P. with common ratio ei(2/n)
p p p
(ii) 1p +  1 +  2 +.... +  n  1 = 0 if p is not an integral multiple of n
= n if p is an integral multiple of n
(iii) (1  1) (1  2)...... (1  n  1) = n &
(1 + 1) (1 + 2)....... (1 + n  1) = 0 if n is even and 1 if n is odd.
(iv) 1. 1. 2. 3......... n  1 = 1 or 1 according as n is odd or even.
Example # 18 : Find the roots of the equation z5 = – 32i, whose real part is negative.
Solution : z5 = – 32i

i( 4n1)
z5 = 2 5 e 2 , n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.

i( 4n1)
10
z = 2e
 3 7 11 15  7 11
i i i i i i i
z = 2e 10
, 2e 10 , 2e 10 , 2e 10 , 2e 10 roots with negative real part are 2e 10 , 2e 10 .
6
 2k 2k 
Example # 19 : Find the value   sin 7
 cos
7 

k 1
6 6 6 6
 2k   2k  2k 2k
Solution :   sin
7 
 –   cos
7 
 =  sin
7 –  cos 7 +1
k 1  k 1  k 0 k 0
= 
k 0
(Sum of imaginary part of seven seventh roots of unity)
– 
k 0
(Sum of real part of seven seventh roots of unity) + 1 = 0 – 0 + 1 = 1
Complex Numbers
4
1
(25) If 1, 1, 2 , 3 , 4 are the fifth roots of unity then find 2–i1 i
(26) If , ,  are the roots of x 3 – 3x 2 + 3x + 7 = 0 and  is a complex cube root of unity then prove
 –1 –1  –1
that    32
 –1  –1  –1
(27) Find all values of ( 256)1/4. Interpret the result geometrically.
49
Answers : (25)
31
  2r  1   2r  1  
(27) 4 cos     i sin    , r = 0, 1, 2, 3; vertices of a square in a
  4   4  
circle of radius 4 & centre (0, 0)
The Sum Of The Following Series Should Be Remembered :

sin  n / 2  n  1
cos  + cos 2  + cos 3  +..... + cos n  =
(i)
sin  / 2 cos  2  
sin  n / 2  n  1
sin  + sin 2  + sin 3  +..... + sin n  =
(ii)
sin  / 2 sin  2  
Note : If  = (2 /n) then the sum of the above series vanishes.
Logarithm Of A Complex Quantity :

1  1  
Loge (+ i  ) = Loge (² +  ²) + i  2 n   tan  where n  .
2  
Example # 20 : Find the value of

(i) log (1 + 3 i) Ans. log2 + i(2n + )
3
(ii) log(–1) Ans. i(2n + 1)
(iii) 2i Ans. cos(ln2) + i sin(ln2) = ei(ln2)

( 4n1).
(iv) ii Ans. e 2

( 8n 1).
(v) |(1 + i)i | Ans. e 4
1
(vi) arg ((1 + i)i) Ans. n(2).
2
 i   2n  
 
 
Solution : (i) log (1 + 3 i) = log  2 e  3   = log 2 + i 

 2n 
 3 
 
 
(ii) log(–1) = log1 + i(2n + ) = i (2n + 1)
(iii) 2i = ei  n 2 = [cos (n 2) + i sin ( n 2)]
(iv) z = i i  logz = i log i
 log i = i (4n + 1)/2
 log z = –(4n + 1)/2
 z = e–(4n + 1)/2
(v) |(1 + i)i |  z = (1 + i)i  log z = i log (1 + i)
 log(1 + i) = log 2 +i(2n + /4)
 log z = i log (1 + i) = i log 2 – (2n + /4)  z = ei log 2 – (2n + /4)
| z | = e–(8n + 1)/4
Complex Numbers
(vi) arg ((1 + i)i)
z = (1 + i)i
log z = i log (1 + i)  log(1 + i) = log 2 +i(2n + /4)
log z = i log (1 + i) = i log 2 – (2n + /4)  z = ei log 2 – (2n + /4)
 = log 2
(28) Find the real part of cos (1 + i)

1  e2
Answer : cos1
2e
Geometrical Properties :
Section formula
If z1 and z2 are affixes of the two points P and Q respectively and point C divides the line segment
joining P and Q internally in the ratio m : n then affix z of C is given by
mz 2  nz1
z= where m, n > 0
mn
mz 2  nz1
If C divides PQ in the ratio m : n externally then z =
m n
Note : If a, b, c are three real numbers such that az 1 + bz2 + cz3 = 0 ; where a + b + c = 0 and a,b,c are not
all simultaneously zero, then the complex numbers z 1, z2 & z3 are collinear.
(1) If the vertices A, B, C of a  are represented by complex numbers z 1, z2, z3 respectively and
a, b, c are the length of sides then,
z1  z 2  z 3
(i) Centroid of the  ABC = :
3
(ii) Orthocentre of the  ABC =
asec A z1  b sec Bz 2  c secCz 3 z1 tan A  z 2 tanB  z 3 tan C
or
asec A  bsec B  csecC tanA  tan B  tanC
(iii) Incentre of the  ABC = (az1 + bz2 + cz3)  (a + b + c).
(iv) Circumcentre of the  ABC = :

(Z 1 sin 2A + Z 2 sin 2B + Z 3 sin 2C)  (sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C).
(2) amp(z) =  is a ray emanating from the origin inclined at an angle  to the positive x axis.
(3) z  a = z  b is the perpendicular bisector of the line joining a to b.
(4) The equation of a line joining z 1 & z2 is given by, z = z1 + t (z1  z2) where t is a real parameter.
(5) z = z1 (1 + it) where t is a real parameter is a line through the point z 1 & perpendicular to the
line joining z 1 to the origin.
(6) The equation of a line passing through z 1 & z2 can be expressed in the determinant form as
z z 1
z1 z1 1 = 0. This is also the condition for three complex numbers z, z 1, z2 to be collinear..
z2 z2 1
The above equation on manipulating, takes the form  z   z  r = 0 where r is real and  is
a non zero complex constant.
(7) The equation of the circle described on the line segment joining z 1 & z2 as diameter is
z  z2 
arg =± or (z  z1) ( z  z 2) + (z  z2) ( z  z 1) = 0.
z  z1 2
Complex Numbers
(8) Condition for four given points z 1, z2, z3 & z4 to be concyclic is the number
z 3  z1 z 4  z 2
. should be real. Hence the equation of a circle through 3 non collinear
z 3  z 2 z 4  z1
 z  z 2   z 3  z1   z  z 2   z 3  z1   z  z 2   z 3  z 1 
points z1, z2 & z3 can be taken as is real  = .
 z  z1   z 3  z 2   z  z1   z 3  z 2   z  z 1   z 3  z 2 
 z  z1 
(9) Arg  z  z  = represent (i) a line segment if  = 
 2
(ii) Pair of ray if  = 0 (iii) a part of circle, if 0 <  < 
(10) If |z – z1| + |z – z2| = K > |z1 – z2| then locus of z is an ellipse whose focii are z 1 & z2
z  z1
(11) If z  z2 =k where k  (0, 1)  (1, ), then locus of z is circle.
(12) If z – z1  – z – z2 = K < z1 – z2 then locus of z is a hyperbola, whose focii are
z1 & z2.
Match the following columns :

Column -  Column - 
(i) If | z – 3+2i | – | z + i | = 0, (i) circle
then locus of z represents ..........
 z  1 
(ii) If arg   = , (ii) Straight line
 z  1 4
then locus of z represents...
(iii) if | z – 8 – 2i | + | z – 5 – 6i | = 5 (iii) Ellipse

then locus of z represents .......
 z  3  4i  5
(iv) If arg  z  2  5i  = , (iv) Hyperbola
  6
then locus of z represents .......
(v) If | z – 1 | + | z + i | = 10 (v) Major Arc

then locus of z represents ........
(vi) |z–3+i|–|z+2–i|=1 (vi) Minor arc

then locus of z represents .....
(vii) | z – 3i | = 25 (vii) Perpendicular bisector of a line segment
 z  3  5i 
(viii) arg  z  i  =  (viii) Line segment
 
Ans.  (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii)
 (ii),(vii) (v) (viii) (vi) (iii) (iv) (i) (viii)
Complex Numbers
MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES
Example # 21 :If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers and c > 0, then prove that
|z1 + z2|2  (1 + c) |z1|2 + (1 + c–1) |z2|2
Solution : We have to prove : |z1 + z2|2  (1 + c) |z1|2 + (1 + c–1) |z2|2
i.e. |z1|2 + |z2|2 + z1 z 2 + z 1z2  (1 + c) |z1|2 + (1 +c–1) |z2|2
1
or z1 z 2 + z 1z2  c|z1|2 + c–1|z2|2 or c|z1|2 + |z2|2 – z1 z 2 – z 1 z2  0
c
2
 1 
(using Re (z1 z 2)  |z1 z 2|) or  c z1  | z2 |   0 which is always true.
 c 
Example # 22 : If z1 = a + ib and z2 = c + id are complex number such that |z 1| = |z2| = 1 and Re (z1z 2 ) = 0,
then show that the pair of complex numbers w1 = a + ic and w2 = b + id satisfies the following
(i) |w1| = 1 (ii) |w2| = 1 (iii) Re ( w 1w 2 ) = 0
Solution : a = cos  , b = sin 
c = cos , d = sin 
n
Re (z1z 2 ) = 0  –= n=±1  c = sin , d = – cos 
2
 w1 = cos  + i sin 
w2 = sin  – i cos 
 |w1| = 1, |w2| = 1
w1 w 2 = cos sin – sincos + i(sin2 – cos2) = – i cos 2
 Re ( w 1w 2 ) = 0
Example # 23 : Let z1 and z2 be complex numbers such that z 1  z2 and |z1| = |z2|. If z1 has positive real part
z1  z 2
and z2 has negative imaginary part, then show that z  z is purely imaginary..
1 2
 
Solution : z1 = r (cos + i sin ), – <<
2 2
z2 = r (cos + i sin ), –< <0
z1  z 2    3
 = – i cot   , – < <
z1  z 2  2  4 2 4
Hence purely imaginary.
Example # 24 : If z1, z2 & z3 are the affixes of three points A, B & C respectively and satisfy the condition
|z1 – z2| = |z1| + |z2| and |(2 - i) z 1 + iz3 | = |z1| + |(1 – i) z 1 + iz3| then prove that  ABC in a
right angled.
Solution : |z1 – z2| = |z1| + |z2|
 z1, z2 and origin will be collinear and z 1, z2 will be opposite side of origin
Similarly |(2 - i) z 1 + iz3 | = |z1| + |(1 – i) z 1 + iz3|
 z1 and (1 – i) z 1 + iz3 = z4 say, are collinear with origin and lies on same side of
origin.
Let z4 = z1 ,  real
then (1 – i) z 1 + iz3 = z1
( z 3  z1 ) z 3  z1
 i (z3 – z1) = ( – 1) z1  = ( – 1) i  = mei/2 , m =  – 1
 z1 0  z1
 z3 – z1 is perpendicular to the vector 0 – z 1 .
i.e. also z2 is on line joining origin and z 1
so we can say the triangle formed by z 1 , z2 and z3 is right angled.
lfEeJ la [ ;k
lfEeJ la[;k,¡ (Complex Numbers)

The shortest path between two truths in the real domain passes through the complex domain. ......Hadamard, Jacques
lfEeJ la [ ;k fudk; (The complex number system)

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vH;kl dk;Z %
(1) fuEufyf[kr dks lfEeJ la[;kvksa ds :i esa fyf[k, &
(i)  16 (ii) x , (x > 0) (iii) –b +  4ac , (a, c> 0)
(2) fuEufyf[kr dks lfEeJ la[;kvksa ds :i esa fyf[k,A

(i) x (x < 0) (ii) x 2 – (2 cos) x + 1 = 0 ds ew y
Ans. (1) (i) 0 + 4i (ii) x + 0i (iii) –b + i 4ac

(2) (i) 0+i x (ii) cos  + i sin  , cos  – i sin 
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lfEeJ la [ ;k
chtxf.krh; la f Ø;k,¡ (Algebraic Operations)
lfEeJ la [ ;kvks a dh ew y Hkw r la f Ø;k,s a
lfEeJ la[ ;k esa lafØ;k yxkus ds fy, ge okLrfod la[ ;kvksa dh chtxf.kr dk mi;ksx djrs gS] i 2 dks – 1 ls
izfrLFkkfir djrs gS tc ;g izkIr gksrk gksA
1. ;ksx (a + bi) + (c + di) = a + bi + c + di = (a + c) + (b + d) i
2. O;odyu (a + bi) – (c + di) = a + bi – c – di = (a – c) + (b – d) i
3. xq. ku (a + bi) (c + di) = ac + adi + bci + bdi 2 = (ac – bd) + (ad+ bc)i
a  bi a  bi c  bi ac  adi  bci  bdi 2

4. foHkktu = . =
c  di c  di c  di c 2  d2i2
ac  bd  (bc  ad)i ac  bd bc  ad
= = + i
c 2  d2 c 2  d2 c 2  d2
lfEeJ la[;kvksa esa vlfedk,¡ ifjHkkf"kr ugha gSA ;fn ge dgs fd lfEeJ la[;k /kukRed gS ;k _.kkRed rks ;g ekU;
ugha gSA
mnkgj.k % z > 0, 4 + 2i < 2 + 4 i vFkZg hu gaSA
okLrfod la[ ;kvksa esa ;fn a2 + b2 = 0 gks] rks a = 0 = b rFkkfi lfEeJ la[ ;kvksa esa z12 + z22 = 0 gksus dk eryc
z1 = z2 = 0 ugha gS a A
mnkgj.k # 1 : 4 + 3i dk xq. ku izfrykse Kkr dhft,A

gy : ekuk fd 4 + 3i dk xq. ku izfrykse z gS rc
z (4 + 3i) = 1
1 4  3i 4  3i 4  3i 4  3i
z= × = = . Ans.
4  3i 4  3i 16  9 25 25
vH;kl dk;Z %
(3) i n + i n+1 + i n+2 + i n+3 dks ljy dhft,A (tgk¡ n ) Ans. 0
lfEeJ la [ ;kvks a dh rq Y;rk (Equality In Complex Number) :

nks lfEeJ la[;k,¡ z1 = a1 + ib1 vkSj z2 = a2 + ib2 cjkcj gS ;fn vkSj dso y ;fn muds okLrfod Hkkx ,oa dkYifud
Hkkx Øe'k% cjkcj gksA
vFkkZr~ z1 = z2  Re(z1) = Re(z2) ,oa m (z1) = m (z2).
mnkgj.k # 2 : x vkSj y dk eku Kkr dhft, ftlds fy, (x4 + 2xi) – (3x2 + yi) = (3 – 5i) + (1 + 2iy), tgk¡ x, y  R gSA
gy : (x4 + 2xi) – (3x2 + yi) = (3 – 5i) + (1 + 2iy)
 x4 – 3x2 – 4 = 0 x2 = 4  x = ± 2
vkSj 2x – y = – 5 + 2y
2x + 5 = 3y
tc x=2y=3
vkSj x = – 2  y = 1/3
Ans. (2,3) or (–2,1/3)
mnkgj.k # 3 : ;fn x = – 1 + i gks] rks O;atd x 4 + 4x 3 + 5x 2 + 2x + 3 dk eku Kkr dhft,A

gy : x=–1+i
(x + 1)2 = i 2
x 2 + 2x + 2 = 0
vc , x 4 + 4x 3 + 5x 2 + 2x + 3 = (x 2 + 2x + 2) (x 2 + 2x – 1) + 5 = 5 Ans. 5
lfEeJ la [ ;k
mnkgj.k # 4 : – 21 – 20i dk oxZewy Kkr dhft,A
gy : ekuk x + iy = – 21 – 20i
(x + iy)2 = – 21 – 20 i
x2 – y2 = – 21 ----- (i)
xy = – 10 ----- (ii)
(i) rFkk (ii) ls
x2 = 4  x = ± 2
tc x = 2, y = – 5 rFkk x = –2, y = 5
x + iy = (2 – i5) or (–2 + i5)
vH;kl dk;Z %
(4) z = i z2 dks z ds fy, ljy dhft,A
(5) 4x² + 3xy + (2xy  3x²)i = 4y²  (x 2/2) + (3xy  2y²)i dks gy dhft;s tgka x, y  R
3 1 3K
Ans. (4) ± – i, 0, i (5) x = K, y = KR
2 2 2
lfEeJ la [ ;kvks a dk fu:i.k (Representation of a complex number)

19oha 'krkCnh ds iz kjEHk esa dkyZ Ýs Mfjd xkS l (1777 – 1855) vkS j fofy;e jkso u gS feYVu (1805 – 1865) us LorU=k
:i ls yxHkx leku le; ij lfEeJ la[ ;kvksa dks nks okLrfod la[ ;kvksa ds Øfer ;qXe ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr djus
dk fopkj j[kkA vFkkZr~ a + ib = (a, b)
izR;sd lfEeJ la[;k ds fy, lery esa ek=k ,d fcUnq gksrk gS vkSj foykser% lery esa izR;sd fcUnq ds fy, ek=k ,d
lfEeJ la[ ;k gksrh gSA blh dkj.k ge izk;% lfEeJ la[ ;k z dks fcUnq z dgrs gSA
(a) dkrhZ; :i ¼T;kferh; fu:i.k½ %
izR;sd lfEeJ la[;k z = x + i y dks ,d fcUnq }kjk dkrhZ; lery ij Øfer ;qXe (x, y) ls iznf'kZr fd;k tkrk
gS ,oa bl dkrhZ; lery dks lfEeJ lery ;k vkxZ.M lery dgk tkrk gSA
dkYifud v{k
P (x, y)

0
okLrfod v{k
yEckbZ OP dks lfEeJ la[ ;k dk ekikad dgrs gS ftls z ls fu:fir fd;k tkrk gS vkSj  dks dks. kkad dgk
tkrk gSA
y
z = x 2  y 2 vkSj  = tan1 (/kukRed x-v{k ds lkFk OP }kjk cuk;k x;k dks . k)
x
uksV % (i) lfEeJ la[ ;k dk dks. kkad ,d cgqekuh; Qyu gSA ;fn  ,d lfEeJ la[ ;k dk dks. kkad gks rks
2n+ ; n   Hkh ml lfEeJ la[;k dk dks.kkad gksxkA ,d lfEeJ la[;k ds fdUgha nks dks.kkadksa ds chp dk vUrj
2ngksrk gSA
(ii)  dk vf}rh; eku tks   <   dks larq"V djrk gks] dks.kkad dk eq[; eku dgykrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa
dks.kkad (z), dks.kkad dk eq[; eku dgykrk gSA
(iii) ,d lfEeJ la[;k dks mlds dks.kkad ,oa ekikad ls ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA lfEeJ la[;k 0 + i0 ds fy, dks.kkad
ifjHkkf"kr ugha gS ,oa ;g dsoy ,d lfEeJ la[;k gS ftls blds ekikad ls gh ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA
(b) f=kdks . khferh; / /kq z o h; fu:i.k :
z = r (cos  + i sin ) tgk¡ z = r; dks . kka d z =  ; z = r (cos  i sin )
lfEeJ la [ ;k
fVIi.kh : cos  + i sin  is also written as CiS 
(c) vkW ; yj dk fu:i.k :
z = rei ; z = r; dks . kka d z = ; z = re i 
bl lw=k dh mRifÙk orZeku ifjppkZ ls ijs gSA foLrkj dk iz;ksx djds bl lw=k dh mRifÙk fuEuor~ nh tk ldrh
gS A
x x2 x3
ex = 1 + 1 ! + + + ..........
2! 3!
x = i j[kus ij
 2  4   3 5 
ei 1    ....... + i   
 
  ....... = cos + i sin .

 2! 4!   3! 5! 
i i e i  e i
uksV % ;fn okLrfod gS] rks cos  = e  e , sin  =
2 2i
(d) lfn'kh; fu:i.k :
izR;sd lfEeJ la[ ;k dks fdlh fcUnq ds fLFkfr lfn'k ds :i ls fu:fir fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;fn dksbZ fcUnq
 
P lfEeJ la [ ;k z dks iz n f'kZ r djs rks OP = z vkS j  OP  = z
lfEeJ la [ ;k dk dks . kka d (Agrument of a Complex Number)

v'kwU; lfEeJ la[ ;k P(z) ds dks. kkad dks arg (z) ls fu:fir fd;k tkrk gSA arg z = OP }kjk okLrfod v{k dh
/kukRed fn'kk ls cuk;k x;k dks. k
;fn OP = |z| = r vkSj arg(z) =  gks] rks LoHkkfod :i ls z = r(cos + isin)] dks z dk /kqzo h; :i dgk tkrk
gSA bldk vFkZ gS fd z dk dks.kkad] z ds dks. kkad dk eq[ ; eku gksrk gS vFkkZr~ dks. kkad (–, ] ds chp jgrk gS tc
rd nwl jk izfrcU/k ugha gksA bl izdkj lfEeJ la[ ;k z = a + ib = r(cos + isin) dk dks. kkad dk og eku gS tks
rcos = a vkS j rsin = b dks la r q "V djrk gS A
b
ekuk  = tan–1 a
(i) a > 0, b > 0 eq[ ; eku dks. kkad z = 

(ii) a = 0, b > 0 eq[ ; eku dks. kkad z =
2
(iii) a < 0, b > 0 eq[ ; eku dks. kkad z =  – 
lfEeJ la [ ;k
(iv) a < 0, b = 0 eq[ ; eku dks. kkad z = 
(v) a < 0, b < 0 eq[ ; eku dks. kkad z = – ( – )

(vi) a = 0, b < 0 eq[ ; eku dks. kkad z = –
2
(vii) a > 0, b < 0 eq[ ; eku dks. kkad z = – 
(viii) a > 0, b = 0 eq[ ; eku dks. kkad z = 0
mnkgj.k # 5 : ;fn ( z )2 + 2|z| = 0 gks] rks z ds fy, gy dhft,A

gy : ekuk z = x + iy
 x2 – y2 – 2ixy + 2 x 2  y 2 = 0  x2 – y2 + 2 x 2  y 2 = 0 vkS j 2xy = 0
tc x = 0,  – y2 + 2|y| = 0  y = 0, 2, – 2  z = 0, 2i, – 2i
tc y=0  x2 + 2|x| = 0  x = 0  z = 0 Ans. z = 0, 2i, – 2i.
3
mnkgj.k # 6 : lfEeJ la[ ;k z = 1 + i tan , <  < dk ekikad rFkk eq[ ; dks. kkad Kkr dhft;sA
2
3
gy : |z| = 1  tan 2  = |sec| = – sec,  tgk¡ <  <
2
tan 
Arg (z) = tan–1 1
= tan– 1 (tan) = –
Ans. – sec , –
vH;kl dk;Z %
(2  i) (3 – 4i)
(6) lfEeJ la[ ;k z = ds dks. kkad dk eq[ ; eku vkSj |z| Kkr dhft,A
3i
(7) lfEeJ la[ ;k z = –8(cos 310º – i sin 310°) ds dks. kkad dk eq[ ; eku rFkk |z| Kkr dhft,A
5 2
Ans. (6) – /4 , (7) 8, –130°
2
lfEeJ la [ ;k
n~ % ek;oj iz e s ; (Demoivre’s Theorem)
fLFkfr  dFku : ;fn n dksbZ iw. kkZad la[ ;k gks] rks
(i) (cos  + i sin  )n = cos n + i sin n
(ii) (cos 1 + i sin 1) (cos 2 + i sin 2) (cos3 + i sin 2) (cos 3 + i sin 3) .....(cos n + i sin n)
= cos (1 + 2 + 3 + ......... n) + i sin (1 + 2 + 3 + ....... + n)
fLFkfr  dFku : ;fn p, q  Z ,oa q  0 gks ] rks
 2k   p   2k   p 
(cos  + i sin )p/q = cos   + i sin  
 q   q 
tgk¡ k = 0, 1, 2, 3, ......, q – 1
uks V : fdlh lfEeJ jkf'k ds ewyksa ds Øfer xq. kuQy dks lehdj.k fl)kar dk iz; ksx djds Kkr djuk pkfg,A
vH;kl dk;Z %
(8) fuEufyf[kr loZ lfedkvksa dks fl) dhft;s
(a) cos 5 = 16 cos5 – 20 cos3 + 5 cos ; (b) (sin 5) / (sin ) = 16 cos4 – 12 cos2 + 1,
;fn   0, ±  , ± 2 .........
(9) loZl fedkvksa dks fl) dhft;s
3 1 1 1 3
(a) sin3 = sin  – sin 3 , (b) cos4 = cos 4 + cos 2 +
4 4 8 2 8
ew y Hkw r la f Ø;kvks a dk T;kferh; fu:i.k
(Geometrical Representation of Fundamental Operations)
(i) ;ks x dk T;kferh; fu:i.k (Geometrical representation of addition)
;fn nks fcUnq P o Q Øe'k% lfEeJ la[ ;kvksa z1 o z2 dks vkxZ. M lery ij fu:fir djrs gS] rks z1 + z2, OP o
OQ Hkq tk okys lekUrj prq Hkq Z t ds fod.kZ OR ds vUr fcUnq R }kjk fu:fir gks r k gS A
(ii) vUrj dk T;kferh; fu:i.k (Geometric representation of substraction)
(iii) nks lfEeJ la [ ;kvks a ds xq . kuQy ds ekika d ,oa dks . kka d

(Modulus and argument of multiplication of two complex numbers)
iz e s ; : fdUgh nks lfEeJ la[ ;kvksa z1 o z2 ds fy, |z1 z2| = |z1| |z2| vkSj dks. kkad (z1z2) = dks. kkad (z1) + dks. kkad (z2).
iz e k.k : z1 = r1 ei1 , z2 = r2 ei2
z1z2 = r2r2 e i( 1  2 )  |z1z2| = |z1| |z2|
dks. kkad (z1z2) = dks.kkad (z1) + dks. kkad (z2)
vFkkZr nks lfEeJ la[ ;kvksa dks xq. kk djus ds fy, ge muds fujis{k ekuksa dks xq. kk djrs gS rFkk muds
dks. kkdksa dks tksM +rs gSA
lfEeJ la [ ;k
uks V : (i) P.V. dks . kka d (z1z2)  P.V. dks . kka d (z1) + P.V. dks . kka d (z2) (P.V.Principal value eq [ ;eku½
(ii) |z1 z2 .... zn| = |z1| |z2| ..... |zn|
(iii) dks . kka d (z1z2 .... zn) = dks . kka d z1 + dks . kka d z2 + ..... + dks . kka d zn
(iv) lfEeJ la [ ;kvks a ds xq . kuQy dk T;kferh; fu:i.k

(Geometrical representation of multiplication of complex numbers)
ekuk P, Q Øe'k% z1 = r1 ei1 , z2 = r2 ei2 }kjk iznf'kZr gaSA fcUnq R izkIr djus ds fy, tks fd lfEeJ la[ ;k
z1z2 dks fu:fir djrk gS A ge okLrfod v{k ij ,d fcUnq L bl iz dkj ys r s gS fd OL = 1 vkSj ,d f=kHkq t
OQR [kha prs gS tks fd f=kHkq t OLP ds le:i gS A bl iz dkj
OR OP
=  OR = OPOQ vFkkZr~ OR = r1r2 vkSj QÔR = 1
OQ OL
LÔR = LÔP + PÔQ + QÔR = 1 + 2 – 1 + 1 = 1 + 2
vr% R, z1z2 = r1r2 e i(1  2 ) }kjk iznf'kZr gSA
(v) nks lfEeJ la [ ;kvks a ds HkkxQy dk ekika d ,oa dks . kka d

(Modulus and argument of division of two complex numbers)
z1 | z1 |
iz e s ; : ;fn z1 vkSj z2 (0) nks lfEeJ la[ ;k,a gS rks z2 = | z | vkS j
2
 z1 
arg  z  = arg (z1) – arg (z2)
 2
 z1 
uks V : P.V. arg  z   P.V. arg (z1) – P.V. arg (z2)
 2
(vi) lfEeJ la [ ;kvks a ds HkkxQy dk T;kferh; fu:i.k

(Geometrical representation of the division of complex numbers)
z1
ekuk P, Q Øe'k% z1 = r1e i1 , z2 = r2 ei2 }kjk iznf'kZr gSA lfEeJ la[ ;k z dks iznf'kZr djus okys fcUnq R dks izkIr
2
djus ds fy,] ge okLrfod v{k ij fcUnq L bl izdkj ysrs gS fd OL = 1 vkSj f=kHkqt OPR [khaprs gS tks fd f=kHkqt
OP OR r1
OQL ds le:i gS A bl iz dkj =  OR = r
OQ OL 2
vkSj LÔR = LÔP – RÔP = 1 – 2

z1 r
vr% R, = 1 e i( 1 2 ) }kjk iznf'kZr gSA
z2 r2
lfEeJ la [ ;k dk la ; q X eh (Conjugate of a complex Number)

lfEeJ l[a; k z = a + b dk la; qXeh z = a – ib }kjk ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA
;fn fdlh lfEeJ la[;k esa i dks – i ls izfrLFkkfir dj fn;k tk,] rks gesa lfEeJ la[ ;k dk la; qXeh izkIr gksrk gS] z
vkxZ. M lery esa okLrfod v{k ds lkis{k z dk niZ. k izfrfcEc gksrk gSA
lfEeJ la [ ;k
lfEeJ la [ ;k ds la ; q X eh dk T;kferh; fu:i.k
(Geometrical representation of conjugate of complex number)
|z| = | z |
arg ( z) = – arg (z)
arg ( z) dk O;kid eku = 2n – P.V. arg (z)

xq . k/keZ
zz zz
(i) ;fn z = x + iy rks x = ,y=
2 2i
(ii) z= z  z iw . kZ r ;% okLrfod gS
(iii) z+ z =0  z iw . kZ r ;% dkYifud gS
(iv) ekikad ,oa la; qXeh ds e/; lEcU/k  |z|2 = z z
(v) zz
(vi) ( z 1  z 2 ) = z1 ± z 2
(vii) ( z 1 z 2 ) = z1 z 2
 z1  ( z1 )
(viii)   = (z  0)
 z2  ( z2 ) 2
iz e s ; : okLrfod xq. kkadksa okyh cgqinh; lehdj.k ds dkYifud ewy la; qXeh ;qXe ds :i esa gksrs gSA
iz e k.k : ;fn z0 lehdj.k a0zn + a1zn–1 + ...... + an–1 z + an = 0 dk ,d ewy gSA
a0, a1, ....... an  R, rks a 0 z n0 + a1zn01 + ....... + an–1 z0 + an = 0
xq. k/keZ (vi) o (vii) dk iz; ksx djus ij a0 z0n + a1z0n1 + ....... + a n1z0 + an = 0
 z0 Hkh ,d ew y gS A
uks V : ;fn w = f(z), rks w = f( z )
iz e s ; : |z1 ± z2|2 = |z1|2 + |z2|2 ± (z1 z2 + z1 z2)
= |z1|2 + |z2|2 ± 2 Re(z1 z2 ) = |z1|2 + |z2|2 ± 2 |z1| |z2| cos (1 – 2)
z 1
mnkgj.k # 7 : ;fn fo'kq) dkYifud gks] rks fl) dhft, fd | z | = 1
z 1
 z  1 z 1  z  1
gy : Re   =0  +   =0

 z  1 z 1  z  1 
z 1 z 1
 + =0  zz – z + z – 1 + zz – z + z – 1 = 0
z 1 z 1
 zz = 1  | z |2 = 1  |z|=1
vH;kl dk;Z %
(10) ;fn |z + | > | z  1| rFkk |  | 1 , rks fl) dhft, |z| < 1.
(11) ;fn z = x + iy vkSj f(z) = x 2 – y2 – 2y + i(2x – 2xy), rks n'kkZb, fd f(z) = z 2 + 2iz
a  ib a 2  b2
(12) ;fn x + iy = rks fl) dhft;s (x 2 + y2)2 =
c  id c 2  d2
lfEeJ la [ ;k
nw j h] f=kHkq t h; vlfedk (Distance, Triangular Inequality)
;fn z1 = x 1 + iy1, z2 = x 2 + iy2 rks vkxZ. M lery esa z1, z2 ds e/; nwj h |z1 – z2| = ( x1  x 2 )2  ( y1  y 2 )2
f=kHkqt OAC esa
OC  OA + AC
OA  AC + OC
AC  OA + OC
bu vlfedkvksa dk iz; ksx djus ij ||z1| – |z2||  |z1 + z2|  |z1| + |z2|
blh izdkj f=kHkqt OAB ls
ge tkurs gS fd ||z1| – |z2||  |z1 – z2|  |z1| + |z2|
uks V : (a) ||z1| – |z2|| = |z1 + z2|, |z1 – z2| = |z1| + |z2| ;fn vkS j ds o y ;fn ew y fcUnq ] z1 vkS j z2 la j s [ k ga S vkS j
ewyfcUnq z1 vkSj z2 ds e/; gSA
(b) |z1 + z2| = |z1| + |z2|, ||z1| – |z2|| = |z1 – z2| ;fn vkS j ds o y ;fn ew y fcUnq ] z1 vkS j z2 la j s [ k ga S vkS j
z1 vkS j z2 ew y fcUnq ls ,d gh fn'kk es a fLFkr gS A
mnkgj.k # 8 : ;fn |z – 5 – 7i| = 9 rks |z – 2 – 3i| dk egÙke ,oa U;wure eku Kkr dhft;sA
gy : ge tkurs gS fd 9 = |z – (5 + 7i)| = z vkSj 5 + 7i ds e/; nwj hA
bl izdkj z dk fcUnqiFk f=kT;k 9 vkSj dsUnz 5 + 7i okyk ,d o`Ùk gSA bl izdkj ds z ds fy, (o`Ùk ij ), gesa
2 + 3i ls egÙke ,oa U;w u re nw j h Kkr djuh gS rks Li"Vr;% 14 vkS j 4 gS A
mnkgj.k # 9 : |z| + |z – 2| dk U;wure eku Kkr dhft;sA

gy : |z| + |z – 2|  |z + 2 – z|  |z| + |z – 2|  2 Ans. 2
mnkgj.k # 10 : ;fn i  [/6, /3], i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, vkSj

3
z4 cos 1 + z3 cos 2 + z2 cos 3. + z cos 4 + cos5 = 2 3 , rc n'kkZ b;s a fd |z| >
4
gy : fn;k x;k gS cos1 . z4 + cos2 . z3 + cos3 . z2 + cos4 . z + cos5 = 23
;k |cos1 . z4 + cos2 . z3 + cos3 . z2 + cos4 . z + cos5| = 23
23  |cos1 . z4 | + |cos2 . z3 | + |cos3 . z2 | + cos4 . z| + |cos5 |

 i  [/6, /3]
1 3
  cosi 
2 2
3 3 3 3 3
2 3  |z|4 + |z|3 + |z|2 + |z| +
2 2 2 2 2
3  |z|4 + |z|3 + |z|2 + |z|
fLFkfr I : ;fn |z| > 1, rc mijksDr ifj.kke lR; gSA

fLFkfr II : ;fn |z| < 1, rc
3 < |z| + |z| 2 + |z|3 + |z|4 +|z|5 + .........
|z| 3 3
3 < 1 | z |  3 – 3 |z| < |z|  |z| > vr% nksuksa fLFkfr;ksa ls, |z| >
4 4
lfEeJ la [ ;k
3
mnkgj.k # 11 : ;fn z  z = 2 rks |z| dk egÙke ,oa U;wure eku Kkr dhft;sA
3 3
gy : z  z
z z
ekuk |z| = r
3 3
r 2  –2r– 2
r r
r2 + 2r – 3  0 ........(i)
2
rFkk r – 2r – 3  0 ........(ii)  r  [1, 3]
(i) rFkk (ii) ls |z|max = 3 rFkk |z|min = 1.
vH;kl dk;Z %
(13) |z – 3| < 1 vkS j |z – 4i| > M, rks M dk og /kukRed okLrfod eku Kkr dhft;s ftlds fy, de ls de
,d lfEeJ la[ ;k z gks tks nksuksa lehdj.kksa dks lUrq"V djsA
1 1
(14) ;fn z o`Ùk |z| = 2 ij fLFkr gS rks n'kkZb, fd 4 2 
z  4z  3 3
Ans. (13) M  (0, 6)
egRoiw . kZ fu"d"kZ :
(i) arg z = ] okLrfod v{k dh /kukRed fn'kk ds lkFk  dks . k cukus
okyh rFkk ewy fcUnq ls fudyus okyh fdj.k ij fLFkr fcUnqvksa dks
iznf'kZr djrk gSA
(ii) arg (z – z1) = ] okLrfod v{k dh /kukRed fn'kk ds lkFk  dks .k cukus
okyh rFkk z1 ls fudyus okyh fdj.k ij fLFkr fcUnqvksa (z1) dks iznf'kZr
djrk gSA
 2
mnkgj.k # 12 : z ds fy, gy dhft;s tks Arg (z – 3 – 2i) = vkSj Arg (z – 3 – 4i) = dks lUrq"V djrk gSA
6 3
gy : fp=kkuql kj ;g Li"V gS fd ,sl k dksbZ fcUnq ugha gS tks nksuksa fdj.kksa dks lUrq"V djsaA
mnkgj.k # 13 : fuEufyf[kr {ks=kksa dks n'kkZb,A

(i) /2  Arg (z – 1 – i) /3 (ii) |z|  4 & Arg (z – i – 1) >/4
/3
m
gy : (i) (ii)
/3
lfEeJ la [ ;k
vH;kl dk;Z %
(15) fn;s x;s {ks=k dks n'kkZb,
(i) |Arg (z – i – 2)| < /4 (ii) Arg (z + 1 – i) /6
(16) ekuk ,d {ks=k |z – 4 – 3i|  3gSA bl {ks=k esa og fcUnq Kkr dhft;s tks fd
(i) max |z| (ii) min |z|
(iii) max arg (z) (iv) min arg (z)
Ans. (15) (i) (ii)
32 24 8 6 28 96
(16) (i) i (ii) i (iii)  i (iv) 4 + 0i
5 5 5 5 25 25
?kw . kZ u iz e s ; (Rotation theorem)
(i) ;fn P(z1) vkSj Q(zz) nks lfEeJ la[ ;k,a bl izdkj gS fd |z1| = |z2|] rks z2 = z1 ei tgka  = POQ
z3  z2 z3  z2  
(ii) ;fn P(z1), Q(z2) vkSj R(z3) rhu lfEeJ la[ ;k,a gSa vkSj PQR = ]rks  z  z  = z  z ei
 1 2  1 2
z3  z4 z3  z 4
(iii) ;fn P(z1), Q(z2), R(z3) vkSj S(z4) pkj lfEeJ la[;k,a gS vkSj STQ = ]rks = i
z1  z 2 z1  z 2 e
z
 z  1  1m
mnkgj.k # 14 : ;fn arg  z  1  = rks fcUnqiFk fu/kkZfjr dhft;sA /4
  4
 z  1    1 z  
gy : arg   =  arg   = –3/4
 z  1 4   1 z  4 –1 0 1 Re
 1 z 
;gka arg   1  z  , –1 , z vkSj 1 rFkk z dks feykus okyh js[ kkvksa ds e/; dks. k dks iznf'kZr djrk gSA pwafd
 
;g dks. k fu;r gS] z dk fcUnqiFk o`Ùk dk ,d Hkkx gksxkA ¼,d gh o`Ùk [k.M+ ds dks. k leku gksrs gS½
mnkgj.k # 15 : ;fn A(2 + 3i) vkSj B(3 + 4i) ,d oxZ ABCD (okekorZ Øe esa ysus ij ) ds nks 'kh"kZ gS rks C o D Kkr djsaA
gy : ekuk C o D Øe'k% z3 o z4 ls iznf'kZr gS
DAB = 90º vkS j AD = AB ys u s ij
i
z 4  (2  3 i) AD 2
gesa izkIr gksrk gS (3  4i) – (2  3i) = e
AB
 z4 – (2 + 3i) = (1 + i) i
 z4 = 2 + 3i+ i – 1 = 1 + 4i
i
z 3  (3  4 i) CB – 2
vkSj = e
(2  3i) – (3  4i) AB
 z3 = 3 + 4i – (1 + i) (–i)
z3 = 3 + 4i + i – 1 = 2 + 5i
lfEeJ la [ ;k
vH;kl dk;Z %
(17) ekuk ABC o`Ùk |z|= r ds vUrxZr lef)ckgq f=kHkqt gS rFkk AB = AC. ;fn z1, z2, z3 fcUnq A, B, C dks
fu:fir djrs gS rks fl) dhft, z2 z3 = z12
(18) irk yxkb, fd z1z2 vkSj z3z4 lekarj gS ;k ugha]
tgk¡, z1 = 1 + i, z2 = 2 – i, z3 = 4 + 2i, z4 = 1 – i
(19) vkxZUM lery ij dksbZ fcUnq P gS tks fd ml o`Ùk ij fLFkr gSa ftldk O;kl OP gS] nks fcUnq Q vkSj R bl
izdkj fy, tkrs gS fd POQ = QOR =  gks ;fn ewy fcUnq O vkSj P, Q, R dks Øe'k% lfEeJ la[;kvksa
z1, z2, z3 ls fu:fir fd;k tkrk gks rks izn f'kZ r dhft, fd z22 cos 2 = z1z3cos2
(20) ;fn a, b, c ; u, v, w nks f=kHkqtksa ds 'kh"kksZ dks fu:fir djus okyh lfEeJ la[ ;k,a bl izdkj gS fd
c = (1 – r) a + rb, w = (1 – r) u + rv tgka r ,d lfEeJ la[ ;k gS ] rks n'kkZ b;s fd nks u ks a f=kHkq t le:i gS A
Ans. (18) vr% z1z2 vkSj z3z4 lekarj ugha gSA
bdkbZ ds ?kuew y (Cube Root Of Unity)
(i) bdkbZ ds ?kuewy 1,  1  i 3 ,  1  i 3 .
2 2
(ii) ;fn bdkbZ ds dkYifud ?kuewyksa esa ls ,d  gks] rks 1 +  + ² = 0 gksrk gSA lkekU; :i esa
1 + r + 2r = 0, tgk¡ r   ys fdu r, 3 dk xq . kt u gks A
2 2 4 4
(iii) bdkbZ ds ?kuewyksa dk /kzqo h; :i : cos 0 + i sin 0; cos + i sin , cos + i sin
3 3 3 3
(iv) tc bdkbZ ds rhuksa ?kuewyksa dks fdlh vkxZM lery esa fu:fir fd;k tkrk gks] rks os ,d leckgq f=kHkqt ds
'kh"kZ dks fu:fir djrs gSA
(v) fuEufyf[kr xq. ku[k.Mks dks ;kn j[kuk pkfg, &
(a, b, c  R vkS j  bdkbZ dk ?kuew y gS A)
a3  b3 = (a  b) (a  b) (a  ²b) ; x 2 + x + 1 = (x  ) (x  2) ;
a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a + b) (a + 2b) ; a2 + ab + b2 = (a – bw) (a – bw2)
a + b + c  3abc = (a + b + c) (a + b + ²c) (a + ²b + c)
3 3 3
mnkgj.k # 16 : 200 + 198 + 193 dk eku Kkr dhft,A

gy : 200 + 198 + 193  2 + 1 +  = 0.
1 1 1
mnkgj.k # 17 : ;fn bdkbZ ds ?kuewy 1,  , 2 gks] rks] + – dk eku Kkr dhft,A
1  2w 2w 1 w
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
gy : + – = + –   2
2 2 2 = w (1 – w ) 2
1 w  w 1  (1  w ) 1 w –w w 1– w –w (1 – w ) w
w(1  w )  w 2  1 – w 2 1 w  w2
= = =0 Ans. 0
w 2 (1 – w 2 ) w 2 (1 – w 2 )
vH;kl dk;Z %
100
r
(21)  (1   2r ) dk eku Kkr dhft,A
r 0
(22) fn;k gS fd n ,d fo"ke iw. kk±d gS tks fd rhu ls cM+k gS ysfdu n, 3 dk xq. kt ugha gSA fl) dhft;s
x 3 + x 2 + x , (x + 1) n – x n – 1 dk ,d xq . ku[k.M+ gS A
(23) ;fn x = a + b, y = a + b , z = a + b tgka ,  bdkbZ ds dkYifud ?kuewy gSA n'kkZb;s fd
xyz = a3 + b3
5 2
 n 1 
(24) 2
;fn x – x + 1 = 0 rks 
n 1
x  n 
 x 
dk eku Kkr dhft;sA
Ans. (21) 102 (24) 8
lfEeJ la [ ;k
bdkbZ dk n ok¡ ew y (n th Roots of Unity) dkYifud v{k

 

;fn bdkbZ ds n osa] n ewy 1, 1, 2, 3..... n  1 gSA

(i) ;s xq- Js- esa gS ftldk lkoZ vuqikr ei(2/n) 2/n 1
okLrfod v{k
(1, 0)
p
(ii) 1p +  1p +  2p +.... + n  1 = 0, ;fn p, n dk iw . kk± d xq . kt ugha gks
= n, ;fn p, n dk iw . kkZ a d xq . kt gks A
(iii) (1  1) (1  2)...... (1  n  1) = n vkSj
(1 + 1) (1 + 2)....... (1 + n  1) = 0 ;fn n ] le gks vkS j 1 ;fn n fo"ke gks A
(iv) 1. 1. 2. 3......... n  1 = 1 ;k 1, n fo"ke vkS j le gks u s ds vuq l kjA
mnkgj.k # 18 : lehdj.k z5 = – 32i ds os ewy Kkr dhft, ftuds okLrfod Hkkx _.kkRed gSA
 
i( 4n1) i( 4n1)
gy : z5 = – 32i  z5 = 2 5 e 2 , n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.  z = 2e 10
3 7 11 15  7 11
 i i i i i i
z = 2ei 10 , 2e 10 , 2e 10 , 2e 10 , 2e 10 , ew y ftuds okLrfod Hkkx _.kkRed gS 2e 10 , 2e 10 .
7 11
i i
Ans. 2e 10 , 2e 10 .
6
 2k 2k 
mnkgj.k # 19 :   sin 7
 cos 
7  dk eku Kkr dhft,A
k 1
6 6 6 6
 2k   2k  2k 2k
gy :   sin
7 
 –   cos
7 
 =  sin
7 –  cos 7 +1
k 1  k 1  k 0 k 0
= 
k 0
(bdkbZ ds lkros a 7 ew yks a ds dkYifud Hkkxks a dk ;ks x)
= 
k 0
(bdkbZ ds lkros a 7 ew yks a ds okLrfod Hkkxks a dk ;ks x) + 1 =0–0+1=1
vH;kl dk;Z %
4
1
(25) ;fn 1, 1, 2 , 3 , 4 bZdkbZ ds ik¡posa ewy gS rks 2–
i1 i
dk eku Kkr dhft,A
(26) ;fn , ,  lehdj.k ds ewy gS x 3 – 3x 2 + 3x + 7 = 0 rFkk  bZdkbZ dk dkYifud ewy gS rks fl) dhft,
 –1 –1  –1
   32
 –1  –1  –1
(27) ( 256)1/4 ds lHkh eku Kkr dhft;s A fu"d"kZ dks T;kferh; :i es a O;Dr dhft;s A
49
Ans. (25)
31
  2r  1   2r  1  
(27) 4 cos     i sin    , r = 0, 1, 2, 3; f=kT;k 4 ,oa ds Unz (0, 0) okys o` Ùk es a
  4   4  
fLFkr oxZ ds 'kh"kZ gSA
fuEufyf[kr Js f.k;ks a ds ;ks x Qy dks ;kn j[kuk pkfg,
(The Sum Of The Following Series Should Be Remembered)
sin  n / 2  n  1
cos  + cos 2  + cos 3  +..... + cos n  =
(i)
sin  / 2 cos  2  
sin  n / 2  n  1
sin  + sin 2  + sin 3  +..... + sin n  =
(ii)
sin  / 2 sin  2  
lfEeJ la [ ;k
uks V: ;fn  = (2 /n) gks] rks bu mijksDr Jsf.k;ksa ds ;ksxQy 'kwU; gksrs gSA
lfEeJ la [ ;k dk y?kq x .kd (Logarithm Of A Complex Quantity)
1  1  
Loge (+ i  ) = Loge (² +  ²) + i  2 n   tan  ] tgk¡ n  .
2  
mnkgj.k # 20 : fuEufyf[kr dk eku Kkr dhft;sµ


(i) log (1 + 3 i) Ans. log2 + i(2n + )
3
(ii) log(–1) Ans. i
(iii) 2i Ans. cos(ln2) + i sin(ln2) = ei(ln2)

( 4n1).
(iv) ii Ans. e 2

( 8n 1).
(v) |(1 + i)i | Ans. e 4
1
(vi) arg ((1 + i)i) Ans. n(2).
2
 i   2n  
 
 
gy : (i) 
log (1 + 3 i) = log  2 e  3   = log 2 + i   2n 
  3 
 
 
(ii) log(–1) = log1 + i(2n + ) = i (2n + 1)
(iii) 2i = ei  n 2 = [cos (n 2) + i sin ( n 2)]
(iv) z = i i  logz = i log i
 log i = i (4n + 1)/2
 log z = –(4n + 1)/2
 z = e–(4n + 1)/2
(v) |(1 + i)i |  z = (1 + i)i
log z = i log (1 + i)  log(1 + i) = log 2 +i(2n + /4)
 log z = i log (1 + i) = i log 2 – (2n + /4)  z = ei log 2 – (2n + /4)
| z | = e–(8n + 1)/4
(vi) arg ((1 + i)i)  z = (1 + i)i  log z = i log (1 + i)
log(1 + i) = log 2 +i(2n + /4)  log z = i log (1 + i) = i log 2 – (2n + /4)
z = ei log 2 – (2n + /4)
  = log 2
vH;kl dk;Z %
(28) cos (1 + i) dk okLrfod Hkkx Kkr dhft,A
1  e2
Ans. cos1
2e
T;kferh; xq . k/keZ (Geometrical Properties)
nw j h lw = k :
;fn nks fcUnqvksa P vkSj Q dks Øe'k% z1 vkSj z2 ls iznf'kZr fd;k tkrk gks] rks nksuksa ds e/; nwj h = |z1 – z2|.
foHkktu lw = k %
;fn nks fcUnqvksa P vkSj Q dks Øe'k% z1 vkSj z2 ls iznf'kZr djrs gS rFkk fcUnq C js[ kk[k.M PQ dks m : n esa vUr%
mz 2  nz 1
foHkktu djrk gS] rks C dks z = ls iznf'kZr djrs gSA tgk¡ m, n > 0
mn
mz 2  nz1
;fn PQ dks fcUnq C , m : n esa ckg~; foHkktu djrk gks] rks z =
m n
lfEeJ la [ ;k
uks V % ;fn rhu okLrfod la[ ;k,¡ a, b, c bl izdkj gS fd az1 + bz2 + cz3 = 0 tgk¡ a + b + c = 0 ,oa a,b,c ,d lkFk
'kwU; ugha gks] rks lfEeJ la[ ;k,¡ z1, z2 vkSj z3 laj s[ kh; gSA
(1) ;fn f=kHkqt ds 'kh"kk±s A, B vkSj C dks Øe'k% lfEeJ la[ ;kvksa z1, z2 vkSj z3 ls iznf'kZr fd;k tkrk gks rFkk
Hkqtkvksa dh yEckbZ; ksa dks a, b, c ls fu:fir fd;k tkrk gks] rks
z1  z 2  z 3
(i) f=kHkqt ABC dk dsUnzd = :
3
asec A z1  b sec Bz 2  c secCz 3 z1 tan A  z 2 tanB  z 3 tan C
(ii) ABC dk yEcds Unz = asec A  bsec B  csecC
;k tanA  tan B  tanC
(iii)  ABC dk va r %ds Unz = (az1 + bz2 + cz3)  (a + b + c).
(iv)  ABC dk ifjds Unz = (Z 1 sin 2A + Z 2 sin 2B + Z 3 sin 2C)  (sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C).
(2) dks. kkad (z) =  ewy fcUnq ls fudyus okyh fdj.k gS tks x v{k ls dks. k  cukrh gSA
(3) a dks b ls feykus okyh js [ kk dk yEc lef}Hkktd z  a = z  b gS A
(4) z1 vkS j z2 dks feykus okyh js [ kk dk lehdj.k, z = z1 + t (z1  z2) }kjk fn;k tkrk gS A tgk¡ t ,d okLrfod
izkpy gSA
(5) z = z1 (1 + it), tgk¡ t ,d okLrfod iz kpy gS ] ,d ,s l h js [ kk gS tks z1 vkS j ew yfcUnq dks feykus okyh js [ kk
ds yEcor~ gks rFkk z1 ls xqtjrh gksA
z z 1
(6) fcUnq z1 vkSj z2 ls xqtjus okyh js[ kk ds lehdj.k dks lkjf.kd :i esa z1 z1 1 = 0 izn f'kZr fd;k tk
z2 z2 1
ldrk gSA ;g rhu lfEeJ la[;kvksa z, z1 ,oa z2 ds laj s[kh; gksus dk izfrca/k gSA mijksDr lehdj.k dks ljy
djus ij  z   z  r = 0 tgk¡ r okLrfod ,oa  v'kwU; lfEeJ :i esa izkIr gksrh gSA
(7) z1 vkS j z2 dks feykus okys js [ kk[k.M dks O;kl ys dj cuk, x, o` Ùk dk lehdj.k
zz 2  
dks. kkkad  zz  = ± ;k (z  z1) ( z  z 2) + (z  z2) ( z  z 1) = 0 gSA
 1 2
z 3  z1 z 4  z 2
(8) fn, x, pkj fcUnqvksa z1, z2, z3 vkSj z4 ds lao `Ùkh; gksus ds fy, izfrcU/k gS fd la[ ;k .
z 3  z 2 z 4  z1
okLrfod gksuh pkfg,A vr% rhu vlaj s[ kh; fcUnqvksa z1, z2 ,oa z3 ls xqtjus okys o`Ùk ds lehdj.k ds fy,
 z  z 2   z 3  z1   z  z 2   z 3  z1   z  z 2   z 3  z1 
okLrfod gSA  =
 z  z1   z 3  z 2   z  z1   z 3  z 2   z  z1   z 3  z 2 
 z  z1 
(9) dks. kkad  z  z  =  (i) ,d js[kk dks iznf'kZr djrk gS ;fn  = 
 2
(ii) nks fdj.kksa ds ;qXe dks iznf'kZr djrk gS ;fn  = 0 (iii) ,d o`Ùk ds ,d Hkkx dks iznf'kZr djrk gS ;fn 0 <  < 
(10) ;fn |z – z1| + |z – z2| = K > |z1 – z2| gks] rks z dk fcUnqiFk ,d ,sl k nh?kZo `Ùk gS ftldh ukfHk;k¡
z1 vkS j z2 gS A
z  z1
(11) ;fn z  z = k  1, 0 gks] rks z dk fcUnqiFk ,d o`Ùk gSA
2
(12) ;fn z – z1  – z – z2 = K < z1 – z2 gks] rks z dk fcUnqiFk ,d ,slk vfrijoy; gS ftldh ukfHk;k¡
Øe'k% z1 vkSj z2 gSA
lfEeJ la [ ;k
fuEufyf[kr dk feyku dhft;s :
LrHHk -  LrHHk - 
(i) ;fn | z – 3+2i | – | z + i | = 0 gks] rks (i) o`Ùk
rc z dk fcUnqiFk iznf'kZr djrk gS &
 z  1
(ii) ;fn dks. kkad  z  1  = gks] (ii) ljy js[ kk
  4
rks z dk fcUnqiFk iznf'kZr djrk gS &
(iii) ;fn | z – 8 – 2i | + | z – 5 – 6i | = 5 (iii) nh?kZo`Ùk
gks] rks z dk fcUnqiFk iznf'kZr djrk gS &

z  3  4i 
5
(iv) ;fn dks. kkad  z  2  5i  = 6 (iv) vfrijoy;
 
(v) ;fn | z – 1 | + | z + i | = 10 gks] rks (v) nh?kZ v{k
z dk fcUnq iFk iz n f'kZ r djrk gS &
(vi) |z–3+i|–|z+2–i|=1 (vi) y?kq v{k
(vii) | z – 3i | = 25 (vii) js[ kk dk yEc lef}Hkktd
z  3  5i 
(viii) dks. kkad  z  i  =  (viii) js[kk[k.M
 
Ans.  (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii)
 (vii) (v) (viii) (vi) (iii) (iv) (i) (viii)
MISC ELLANEOUS EXAMPLES
mnkgj.k # 21 : ;fn z1 vkSj z2 nks lfEeJ la[;k,a gS vkSj c > 0, rks fl) djsa |z1 + z2|2  (1 + c) |z1|2 + (1 + c–1) |z2|2
gy : gesa fl) djuk gS |z1 + z2|2  (1 + c) |z1|2 + (1 + c–1) |z2|2
vFkkZr~ |z1|2 + |z2|2 + z1 z 2 + z 1z2  (1 + c) |z1|2 + (1 +c–1) |z2|3
1
;k z1 z 2 + z 2z2  c|z1|2 + c–1|z2|2 ;k c|z1|2 + |z2|2 – z1 z 2 – z 2 z2  0 (Re (z1 z 2)  |z1 z 2| dk iz;ksx
c
2
 1 
djus ij) ;k  c z1  | z2 |   0 tks fd ges'kk lR; gSA
 c
 
mnkgj.k # 22 : ;fn z1 = a + ib vkSj z2 = c + id lfEeJ la[;k,a bl izdkj gS fd |z1| = |z2| = 1 vkSj Re (z1z 2 ) = 0
rks n'kkZb;s fd lfEeJ la[;kvksa ds ;qXe w1 = a + ic vkSj w2 = b + id fuEufyf[kr dks lUrq"V djrk gS
(i) |w1| = 1 (ii) |w2| = 1 (iii) Re ( w 1w 2 )
gy : a = cos  , b = sin   c = cos , d = sin 
n
Re (z1z 2 ) = 0  –= n=±1
2
 c = sin , d = – cos   w1 = cos  + i sin 
w2 = sin  – i cos 
 |w1| = 1, |w2| = 1
w1 w 2 = cos sin – sincos + i(sin2 – cos2) = – i cos 2
 Re ( w 1w 2 ) = 0
lfEeJ la [ ;k
mnkgj.k # 23 : ekuk z1 vkSj z2 lfEeJ la[ ;k,a bl izdkj gS fd z1  z2 vkSj |z1| = |z2|. ;fn z1 dk okLrfod Hkkx
z1  z 2
/kukRed ,oa z2 dk dkYifud Hkkx _.kkRed gks rks fl) dhft;s z  z iw. kZr;% dkYifud gSA
1 2
 
gy : z1 = r (cos + i sin ), – <<
2 2
z2 = r (cos + i sin ), –< <0
z1  z 2    3
 = – i cot   , – < <
z1  z 2  2  4 2 4
vr% iw. kZr;% dkYifud gSA
mnkgj.k # 24 : ;fn z1, z2 o z3 Øe'k% rhu fcUnqvksa A, B o C dks iznf'kZr djrs gS vkSj izfrcU/k
|z1 – z2| = |z1| + |z2| vkS j |(2 - i) z1 + iz3 | = |z1| + |(1 – i) z 1 + iz3| dks la r q "V djrs gS rks fl)
dhft;s  ABC ,d ledks. kh; f=kHkqt gSA

gy : |z1 – z2| = |z1| + |z2|
 z1, z2 vkS j ew y fcUnq la j s [ k gks xs a vkS j z1, z2 ew y fcUnq dh foijhr fn'kk es a gks xs a A
blh izdkj |(2 - i) z1 + iz3 | = |z1| + |(1 – i) z1 + iz3|
 z1 vkS j (1 – i) z1 + iz3 = z4 ¼ekuk½ ew yfcUnq ds lkFk la j s [ k gS vkS j ew yfcUnq ds ,d gh vks j fLFkr
gS A
ekuk z4 = z1 ,  ¼okLrfod½
rks (1 – i) z1 + iz3 = z1

 i (z3 – z1) = ( – 1) z1
( z 3  z1 ) z 3  z1
 = ( – 1) i  = mei/2 , m =  – 1
 z1 0  z1
 z3 – z1 lfn'k 0 – z1 ds yEcor~ gS A
vFkkZr~ z2 Hkh ew y fcUnq ,oa z1 dks feykus okyh js [ kk ij gS A
vr% ge dg ldrs gS fd f=kHkqt tks fd z1, z2 vkSj z3 ls cuk gS ,d ledks. kh; f=kHkqt gSA
Complex Number
 Marked Questions may have for Revision Questions.

 fpfUgr iz ' u nks g jkus ;ks X; iz ' u gS A
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Hkkx - I : fo"k;kRed iz'u ¼SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS½
Section (A) : Algebra of Complex Numbers and Its Representation and

Demoivre’s Theorem
[k.M (A) : lfEeJ la [ ;kvks a dk chtxf.kr vkSj budk fu:i.k vkS j n%ek;oj iz e s ;
A-1. Find the real values of x and y for which the following equation is satisfied :
x rFkk y ds okLrfod eku Kkr djs a ftlds fy;s fuEufyf[kr lehdj.k lUrq "V gks r h gS &
(1  i) x  2i ( 2  3i) y  i x y 5  6i
(i) + =i (ii) + =
3i 3 i 1  2i 3  2i 8i  1
(iii) x 2 – y2 – i (2x + y) = 2i
Ans. (i) 3, –1 (ii) x = 1 and (rFkk ) y = 2;
 2 2
(iii) (–2, 2) or (;k)  – , – 
 3 3
A-2. Find the real values of x and y for which the following equation is satisfied :
x rFkk y ds okLrfod eku Kkr djs a ftlds fy;s fuEufyf[kr lehdj.k lUrq "V gks r h gS &
(i) (2 + 3i) x 2 – (3 – 2i) y = 2x – 3y + 5i
(ii) 4x 2 + 3xy + (2xy – 3x 2) i = 4y2 – (x 2/2) + (3xy – 2y 2) i

5 3K
Ans. (i) (1, 1)  0,  (ii) x = K, y = ,KR
 2 2
A-3. (i) Find the real values of x and y for which z 1 = 9y2 – 4 – 10ix and z 2 = 8y2 – 20i are conjugate
complex of each other.
(ii) Find the value of x 4 – x 3 + x 2 + 3x – 5 if x = 2 + 3i
(i) x rFkk y ds okLrfod ekuks a dks Kkr dhft, ftlds fy, z1 = 9y2 – 4 – 10ix ,oa z2 = 8y2 – 20i ,d nw l js
ds la; qXeh lfEeJ gksA
(ii) ;fn x = 2 + 3i ] rc x 4 – x 3 + x 2 + 3x – 5 dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. (i) [(–2, 2) ; (–2, –2)] (ii) – (77 + 108 i)
A-4. Find
(i) the square root of 7 + 24 i (ii) i  i
Kkr dhft;s
(i) 7 + 24 i dk oxZ ew y (ii) i  i
Ans. (i) ± (4 + 3i) (ii) ± 2 + 0i or (;k) 0 ± 2 i
A-5. Solve the following for z :

z ds fy, fuEufyf[kr dks gy dhft, :
z2 – (3 – 2i) z = (5i – 5)
Ans. z = (2 + i) or ( ;k) (1 – 3i)
Complex Number
A-6. Simplify and express the result in the form of a + bi :
fuEufyf[kr dks ljy dhft, vkSj ifj.kke dks a + bi ds :i esa O;Dr dhft,A
2
 4 i3  i 
(i)  i (9 + 6 i) (2  i)1 (ii)  
 2i  1 
1 i

(iii)
(1  cos )  2 i sin 
(iv)_  3  ie 6

21 12  cot
1 2
Ans. (i)  i (ii) 3+4i (iii) + i
5 5   
2 1  3 cos 2  1  3 cos2
 2 2
(iv) 2
A-7. Convert the following complex numbers in Eulers form

fuEu lfEeJ la[;kvksa dks vk;yj :i esa ifjofrZr dhft,&
  
(i) z = – (ii) z = 5i (iii) z = – 3 – i (iv) z = –2  cos  isin 
 5 5
 5 4
i i i
Ans. (i) ei (ii) 5e 2 (iii) 2e 6 (iv) 2e 5
A-8. Find the modulus, argument and the principal argument of the complex numbers.
fuEufyf[kr lfEeJ la[ ;kvksa ds ekikad] dks. kkad o dks. kkad dk eq[ ; eku Kkr dhft,A
18 18
(i) z = 1 + cos + i sin (ii) z = 2 (cos 30° + i sin 30°)
25 25
i 1
(iii) (tan 1 – i)2 (iv)
 2  2
i 1  cos   sin
 5  5
9 9 9
Ans. (i) z = 2 cos Principal Arg z = , arg z = + 2k, k 
25 25 25
5 5
(ii) Modulus = 2, Arg = 2 k  – , k , Principal Arg = 
6 6
2
(iii) Modulus = sec 1, arg = 2k + (2 – ), Principal Arg = (2 – )
1  11 11
(iv) Modulus = cosec , arg z = 2k + , Principal Arg =
2 5 20 20
9 9 9
(i) z = 2 cos eq[ ; eku dks. kkad z = , dks . kka d z = + 2k, k 
25 25 25
5 5
(ii) ekikad = 2, dks. kkad = 2 k  – , k , eq[ ; eku dks. kkad = 
6 6
(iii) ekikad = sec21, dks. kkad = 2k + (2 – ), eq[ ; eku dks. kkad = (2 – )
1  11 11
(iv) ekikad = cosec , dks. kkad z = 2k + , eq [ ; eku dks. kkad =
2 5 20 20
Complex Number
A-9. Dividing polynomial f(z) by z – i, we get the remainder i and dividing it by z + i, we get the remainder
1 + i. Find the remainder upon the division of f(z) by z 2 + 1.
;fn cgqin f(z) dks z – i ls foHkkftr djus ij 'ks"kQy i izkIr gksrk gS rFkk bls z + i ls foHkkftr djus ij 'ks"kQy
1 + i iz kIr gks r k gS ] rks f(z) dks z2 + 1 ls foHkkftr djus ij 'ks "kQy Kkr dhft,A
iz 1
Ans. + +i
2 2
A-10. If ( 3 + i)100 = 299 (a + ib), then find
;fn ( 3 + i)100 = 299 (a + ib) rks Kkr dhft;s&

(i) a2 + b2 (ii) b
Ans. (i) 4 (ii) 3
A-11. If n is a positive integer, prove the following

;fn n /kukRed iw. kk±d gS rks fuEufyf[kr dks fl) dhft;s&
 n
(i) (1 + cos i sin )n + (1 + cos – i sin )n = 2n + 1 cosn cos .
2 2
n n
1
(ii) (1 + i)n + (1 – i)n = 2 2 . cos
4
m
 i cot   1 
A-12. Show that ei2m    = 1.
 i cot   1 
m
 i cot   1 
n'kkZb;s fd ei2m  i cot   1  = 1.
 
   
A-13. If x r = cos   + i sin  r  , prove that x 1 x 2 x 3....... upto infinity = i.
r
3  3 
;fn x r = cos    + i sin    gks] rks fl) dhft, x 1 x 2 x 3....... vuar inksa rd = i.
r
3  r 3 
Section (B) : Argument / Modulus / Conjugate Properties and Triangle Inequality

[k.M (B) : dks . kka d ] ekika d ] la ;q X eh xq . k/keZ vkS j f=kHkq t vlfedk
B-1. If z = x + iy is a complex number such that z = (a + ib) 2 then
;fn z = x + iy ,d lfEeJ la[ ;k bl izdkj gS fd z = (a + ib)2 rks
(i) find z , z Kkr djs a
(ii) show that x 2 + y2 = (a2 + b2)2 n'kkZ b;s fd x 2 + y2 = (a2 + b2)2
Ans. (i) (a – ib)2
B-2. If z1 and z2 are conjugate to each other, then find arg (–z 1z2).
;fn z1 vkSj z2 ,d nwl js ds l;qXeh gS rc arg (–z1z2) Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 
z 1
B-3. If z ( – 1) is a complex number such that is purely imaginary, then find |z|
z 1
z 1
;fn z ( – 1) ,d lfEeJ la[ ;k bl izdkj gS fd fo'kq) dkYifud gS] rks |z| dk eku gS &
z 1
Ans. 1
Complex Number
4
B-4. If |z – 2| = 2 |z – 1|, where z is a complex number, prove |z| 2 = Re (z) using
3
(i) polar form of z, (ii) z = x + iy, (iii) modulus, conjugate properties
4
;fn |z – 2| = 2 |z – 1|, tgka z ,d lfEeJ la[ ;k gS] rks fl) dhft;s |z|2 = 3 Re (z)
(i) z dk /kq z o h; :i iz ; ks x djds (ii) z = x + iy, iz ; ks x djds (iii) ekika d, la ; q Xeh ds xq . k/keZ iz ; ks x djds
B-5. For any two complex numbers z 1, z2 and any two real numbers a, b show that
|az1 – bz2|2 + |bz1 + az2|2 = (a2 + b2) (|z1|2 + |z2|2)
nks lfEeJ la[ ;k,¡ z1, z2 rFkk nks okLrfod la[ ;k,¡ a, b gS] rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd
|az1 – bz2|2 + |bz1 + az2|2 = (a2 + b2) (|z1|2 + |z2|2)
1  z1z2
B-6.. If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers such that |z 1| < 1 < |z2| then prove that < 1.
z1  z 2
1  z1z2
;fn z1 vkSj z2 nks lfEeJ la[;k,¡ bl izdkj gS fd |z1| < 1 < |z2|, gks rc fl) dhft, fd < 1.
z1  z 2
zw
B-7. If k > 0, |z| = |w| = k and  = , then find Re().
k 2  zw
zw
;fn k > 0, |z| = |w| = k rFkk  = rc Re() Kkr dhft,A
k 2  zw
Ans. 0
zw zw
Sol. = 2   =
k  zw zw  k 2
But ysfdu z z = w w = k2. hence vr%
k2 k2

z w wz
  = 2 k 2 k2 = = –  +  =0  Re() = 0
k  zw  k 2
z w
zi
B-8_. (i) If w = is purely real then find arg z.
z i
zi
;fn w = fo'kq) okLrfod gS rc arg z dk eku Kkr dhft,&
z i
z  4i
(ii) If w = is purely imaginary then find |z + 3i|.
z  2i
z  4i
;fn w = fo'kq) okLrfod gS rc |z + 3i| dk eku Kkr dhft,&
z  2i
B-9. If a = ei, b = ei , c = ei and cos  + cos  + cos = 0 = sin  + sin  + sin , then prove the following
;fn a = ei, b = ei , c = ei vkSj cos  + cos  + cos = 0 = sin  + sin  + sin , rks fuEufyf[kr dks fl)
dhft;s&
(i) a+b+c=0 (ii) ab + bc + ca = 0
(iii) a2 + b2 + c 2 = 0 (iv)  cos 2 = 0 =  sin 2
Complex Number
B-10_. If |z – 1 + i| + |z + i| = 1 then find range of principle argument of z.
;fn |z – 1 + i| + |z + i| = 1 gks rks z ds eq[ ; dks. kkad dk ifjlj Kkr dhft,&
Section (C) : Geometry of Complex Number and Rotation Theorem

[k.M (C) : lfEeJ la [ ;kvks a dh T;kfefr vkS j ?kw . kZ u iz e s ;
C-1. If z  2 + i = 2, then find the greatest and least value of z.

;fn z  2 + i = 2 rks zdk vf/kdre o U;wure eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 5 +2& 5 2
C-2. If |z + 3|  3 then find minimum and maximum values of

(i) |z| (ii) |z – 1| (iii) |z + 1|
;fn |z + 3|  3 esa fuEufyf[kr dk U;wure ,oa egÙke eku Kkr dhft;sA
(i) |z| (ii) |z – 1| (iii) |z + 1|
Ans. (i) 0, 6 (ii) 1, 7 (iii) 0, 5
C-3. Interpret the following locus in z  C.

fuEufyf[kr O;atdksa ds z  C ds vuql kj fcUnqiFk Kkr dhft,A
(i) 1 < z  2i < 3 (ii) Im (z)  1
 z  2i 
(iii) Arg (z  3 – 4i) = /3 Re 
(iv)   4 (z  2i)
 iz  2 
Ans. (i) The region between the concentric circles with centre at (0, 2) & radii 1 and 3 units
ladsUnzh o`Ùkksa ds chp dk Hkkx ftudk dsUnz (0, 2) rFkk f=kT;k,a 1 o 3 bdkbZ gSA
(ii) The part of the complex plane on or above the line y = 1
lfEeJ lery dk og Hkkx tks js[ kk y = 1 ij ;k mlds Åij gSA
(iii) a ray emanating from the point (3 + 4i) directed away from the origin & having equation,
3 x  y + 4  3 3 = 0, x > 3
,d fdj.k tks fd fcUnq (3 + 4i) ls fudyrh gS rFkk ewy fcUnq ls nwj tkrh gS vkSj mldk lehdj.k
3 x  y + 4  3 3 = 0, x > 3
1 1
(iv) Region outside or on the circle with centre + 2i and radius
2 2
1 1
o`Ùk ftldk dsUnz + 2i rFkk f=kT;k gS] dh ifjf/k ;k mlds ckgj dk {ks=k
2 2
C-4. If O is origin and affixes of P, Q, R are respectively z, iz, z + iz. Locate the points on complex plane. If
PQR = 200 then find (i) |z| (ii) sides of quadrilateral OPRQ
;fn O ewy fcUnq gS vkSj P, Q, R Øe'k% z, iz, z + iz }kjk iznf'kZr gS rks fcUnqvksa dks lfEeJ lery ij n'kkZb;sA
;fn PQR = 200 rks (i) |z| (ii) prq Hkq Z t OPRQ dh Hkqtk,a Kkr dhft;s A
Ans. (i) |z| = 20 (ii) OP = OQ = PR = QR = 20
C-5. Let z1 , z2 , z3 are three pair wise distinct complex numbers and t 1, t 2, t 3 are non-negative real numbers
such that t 1 + t 2 + t 3 = 1. Prove that the complex number z = t 1z1 + t 2z2 + t 3z3 lies inside a triangle with
vertices z1, z2, z3 or on its boundary.
ekukfd z1 , z2 , z3 rhu ;qXe :i esa fofHkUu lfEeJ la[ ;k,¡ gS rFkk t1, t2, t3 v_.kkRed okLrfod la[;k,¡ bl izdkj
gS fd t1 + t2 + t3 = 1. fl) dhft, fd lfEeJ la[;k z = t1z1 + t2z2 + t3z3 ,d f=kHkqt ftlds 'kh"kZ z1, z2, z3 ds vUnj
;k mldh ifjlhek (boundary) ij fLFkr gSA
Complex Number
C-6. The three vertices of a triangle are represented by the complex numbers, 0, z 1 and z2. If the triangle is
equilateral, then show that z 12 + z22 = z1z2 . Further if z0 is circumcentre then prove that z 12 + z22 = 3z02.
f=kHkqt ds rhu 'kh"kZ lfEeJ la[ ;kvksa 0, z1 vkSj z2 }kjk iznf'kZr gSA ;fn f=kHkqt leckgq gks rks n'kkZb;s fd z12 + z22
= z1z2. ;fn z0 ifjds Unz gS rks fl) dhft;s z12 + z22 = 3z02.
C-7. Let z1 and z2 be two roots of the equation z2 + az + b = 0, z being complex. Further, assume that the origin,
z1 and z2 form an equilateral triangle. Then show that a2 = 3b.
ekuk z1 vkSj z2 lehdj.k z2 + az + b = 0 ds nks ewy gSa tgka z ,d lfEeJ la[;k gS rFkk ekuk ewy fcUnq] z1 vkSj z2 ,d
leckgq f=kHkqt cukrs gS] rc iznf'kZr dhft, a2 = 3b.
C-8. Let z1 = 10 + 6i and z2 = 4 + 6i. If z is any complex number such that the argument of (z – z 1) / (z – z2)
is /4, then find the length of arc of the locus.
ekuk z1 = 10 + 6i ,oa z2 = 4 + 6i. ;fn z dksbZ lfEeJ la[ ;k bl izdkj gS fd (z – z1) / (z – z2) dk dks. kkad
/4 gks ] rks fcUnq iFk ds pki dh yEckbZ Kkr dhft,A

Ans. 9
2
 z  8i  
C-9. Let  Arg   =±
 z6  2
 z  8i 
 : Re   =0
 z6 
Show that locus of z in  or  lies on x 2 + y 2 + 6x – 8y = 0. Hence show that locus of z can also be
z  8i z  8i
represented by + = 0. Further if locus of z is expressed as |z + 3 – 4i| = R, then find R.
z6 z6
 z  8i  
ekuk  Arg   =±
 z6  2
 z  8i 
 : Re   =0
 z6 
n'kkZb;s fd  ;k  esa z dk fcUnqiFk x 2 + y 2 + 6x – 8y = 0 ij fLFkr gS vkSj bl izdkj n'kkZb;s fd z dk fcUnqiFk
z  8i z  8i
+ = 0 }kjk Hkh iznf'kZr dj ldrs gS rFkk ;fn z dk fcUnqiFk |z + 3 – 4i| = R }kjk O;Dr fd;k tkrk
z6 z6
gS rks R dk eku Kkr dhft;sA
Ans. 5
C-10. Show that z z + (4 – 3i)z + (4 + 3i) z + 5 = 0 represents circle. Hence find centre and radius.
Ans. – 4 – 3 i, 2 5
n'kkZb;s fd lehdj.k z z + (4 – 3i)z + (4 + 3i) z + 5 = 0 ,d o`Ùk dks iznf'kZr djrk gSA bldh f=kT;k ,oa dsUnz
Kkr dhft;sA
z1  z 2 
C-11. If z1 & z2 are two complex numbers & if arg = but z1  z 2  z1  z 2 then identify the figure
z1  z 2 2
formed by the points represented by 0, z 1, z2 & z1 + z2.
z1  z 2 
;fn z1 vkSj z2 nks lfEeJ la[ ;k,a gS rFkk dks. kkad = ijUrq z1  z 2  z1  z 2 gks] rks fcUnqvksa
z1  z 2 2
0, z1, z2 vkS j z1 + z2 ls fufeZ r vkd` fr dks igpkfu;s A
Ans. a rhombous but not a square ,d leprq Hkq Z t ijUrq oxZ ugha
Complex Number
Section (D) : Cube root and nth Root of Unity.
[k.M (D) : bdkbZ ds ?kuew y ,oa bdkbZ dk nok¡ ew y
D-1. If  ( 1) be a cube root of unity and (1 +4)n = (1 + 2)n then find the least positive integral value of n
;fn bdkbZ dk ?kuewy  ( 1) gks rFkk (1 +4)n = (1 + 2)n gks] rks n dk U;wure /kukRed iw. kk±dh; eku gS &
Ans. 3
D-2. Show that (1 –  + 2) (1 – 2 + 4) (1 – 4 + 8) .......... to 2n factors = 22n

iznf'kZr dhft, fd (1 –  + 2) (1 – 2 + 4) (1 – 4 + 8) .......... 2n xq.ku[k.M = 22n
Ans. 4n
D-3_. Let  is non-real root of x3 = 1

ekuk  x3 = 1 dk vokLrfod ewy gS&
(i) If ;fn P = n , (n  N) and rFkk
Q = (2nC0 + 2nC3 + .........) + (2nC1 + 2nC4 + .........) + (2nC2 + 2nC5 + .........)2
P
then find .
Q
P
rc Q dk eku Kkr dhft,A
 2 3 1  2
(ii) If P = 1 –   ...... upto  terms and Q = then find value of PQ.
2 4 8 2
 2 3 1  2
;fn P = 1 –   ...... upto  rFkk Q = rc PQ dk eku Kkr dhft,A
2 4 8 2
D-4. If x = 1 + i 3 ; y = 1 – i 3 and z = 2, then prove that x p + yp = zp for every prime p > 3.

;fn x = 1 + i 3 ; y = 1 – i 3 rFkk z = 2 gS ] rks fl) dhft, fd iz R ;s d vHkkT; la [ ;k
p > 3 ds fy, x p + yp = zp
D-5. Solve (z – 1)4 – 16 = 0. Find sum of roots. Locate roots, sum of roots and centroid of polygon formed by
roots in complex plane. 1 + 2i
Ans. z = – 1, 3, 1 – 2 i, 1 + 2 i
Sum = 4
–1 1 3 4
centroid = 1
1 – 2i
(z – 1)4 – 16 = 0 dks gy dhft;s A ew yks a dk ;ksx Kkr dhft;sA ewyksa ] ew yks a ds ;ksx ,oa ew yks a ls cus cgq Hkq t ds ds Unz d
dks lfEeJ lery ij n'kkZb;sA 1 + 2i
Ans. z = – 1, 3, 1 – 2 i, 1 + 2 i
;ksx = 4
–1 1 3 4
dsUnzd = 1
1 – 2i
Complex Number
D-6. Find the value(s) of the following
fuEufyf[kr ds eku Kkr dhft;s&
3 3/ 4
 1 3  1 3
  
(i) (ii)   
2 2 
  2 2 
Hence find continued product if two or more distinct values exists.
bl izdkj lrr~ xq. kuQy Kkr dhft;s ;fn nks ;k vf/kd fHkUu fHkUu eku gksaA

(6n1) i
Ans. (i) – 1 (ii) e 4 , n = 0, 1, 2, 3. Continued product = 1

(6n1) i
(i) – 1 (ii) e 4 , n = 0, 1, 2, 3. lrr~ xq . kuQy = 1
  2   3    4
D-7. If 1, 1, 2, 3, 4 be the roots of x 5  1 = 0, then find the value of   1 . . .
2 2 2
2   1    2    3    4
(where  is imaginary cube root of unity.)
  1   2   3   4
;fn lehdj.k x 5  1 = 0 ds ewy 1, 1, 2, 3, 4 gks] rks .
2
. . dk eku Kkr
   1    2    3 2   4
2 2
dhft, gSA (tgk¡  bdkbZ dk dkYifud ?kuewy gSA )

Ans. 
2 2
D-8_. a = cos + i sin then find the quadratic equation whose roots are  = a + a2 + a4 and  = a3 + a5 + a6
7 7
2 2
a = cos + i sin gks rks f}?kkr lehdj.k Kkr dhft, ftlds ewy  = a + a2 + a4 vkSj  = a3 + a5 + a6 gS&
7 7
Ans. x2 + x + 2 = 0
PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
Hkkx - II : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)
Section (A) : Algebra of Complex Numbers and Its Representation and

Demoivre’s Theorem
[k.M (A) : lfEeJ la [ ;kvks a dk chtxf.kr vkSj budk fu:i.k vkS j n%ek;oj iz e s ;
5
A-1. If z is a complex number such that |z| = 4 and arg(z) = , then z is equal to
6
5
;fn ,d lfEeJ la[ ;k z bl izdkj gS fd |z| = 4 rFkk arg(z) = 6 gks] rks z =
(A*) – 2 3 + 2i (B) 2 3 + i (C) 2 3 – 2i (D) – 3 +i
A-2. The complex numbers sin x + i cos 2x and cos x – i sin 2x are conjugate to each other, for
n
(A) x = n (B) x = 0 (C) x  (D*) no value of x
2
Complex Number
lfEeJ la[ ;k,¡ sin x + i cos 2x rFkk cos x – i sin 2x ijLij la;qXeh gSa] ;fn&
n
(A) x = n (B) x = 0 (C) x  (D*) x dk dksbZ eku ugha
2
n
 1 i 
A.3. The least value of n (n  N), for which   is real, is
 1 i 
n
 1 i 
n dk U;w u re /kukRed eku] ftlds fy,   okLrfod gks ] gS a &
 1 i 
(A) 1 (B*) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
1
A-4. In G.P. the first term & common ratio are both
2
 
3  i , then the modulus of nth term is :
(A*) 1 (B) 2n (C) 4n (D) 3n
1
;fn fdlh xq- Js- dk izFke in rFkk lkoZ vuqikr nksuksa
2
 
3  i gks ] rks blds n os a in dk fujis {k eku gS &
(A) 1 (B) 2n (C) 4n (D) 3n
A-5. If z = (3 + 7i) (p + iq), where p, q   – {0}, is purely imaginary, then minimum value of |z| 2 is
;fn z = (3 + 7i) (p + iq), tgk¡ p, q   – {0}, fo'kq) dkYifud gS] rks |z|2 dk U;wure eku gS&
3364
(A) 0 (B) 58 (C) (D*) 3364
3
x y
A-6. If z = x + iy and z 1/3 = a  ib then 
  k a 2  b 2 where k =
a b

x y
;fn z = x + iy rFkk z1/3 = a  ib gks] rks 
  k a 2  b 2 , tgk¡ k =
a b

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D*) 4
  1  i   i   |z| 
A-7. If z = (1 + i)4  
 , then
  equals
4    i 1  i   amp ( z ) 
  1  i   i   |z| 
;fn z = (1 + i)4  
 gS ] rks   cjkcj gS &
4    i 1  i   amp ( z) 
(A) 1 (B)  (C) 3 (D*) 4
A-8. The set of values of a  R for which x 2 + i(a – 1) x + 5 = 0 will have a pair of conjugate imaginary roots
is
a  R ds mu ekuks a dk leq Pp; ftlds fy, lehdj.k x 2 + i(a – 1) x + 5 = 0 la; q Xeh dkYifud ewyksa dk ;q Xe j[krh
gS &
(A) R (B*) {1}
(C) {a : a2 – 2a + 21 > 0} (D) {0}
A-9. Let z is a complex number satisfying the equation, z 3 – (3 + i) z + m + 2i = 0, where m  R. Suppose

the equation has a real root , then find the value of 4 + m 4
ekuk z ,d lfEeJ la[ ;k tks lehdj.k z3 – (3 + i) z + m + 2i = 0, tgk¡ m  R, dks larq"V djrh gSA rFkk lehdj.k
dk ,d okLrfod ewy  gS] rks 4 + m 4 dk eku Kkr dhft,A
(A*) 32 (B) 16 (C) 8 (D) 64
Complex Number
n
 1  i tan   1  i tan n
A-10. The expression    when simplified reduces to :
 1  i tan   1  i tan n
(A*) zero (B) 2 sin n  (C) 2 cos n  (D) none
n
 1  i tan   1  i tan n
O;atd  1  i tan    1  i tan n dks ljyhd`r djus ij eku gS &
 
(A) 'kwU; (B) 2 sin n  (C) 2 cos n  (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
A-11. If (cos + i sin) (cos 2 + i sin 2) ... (cos n + i sin n) = 1, then the value of  is
;fn (cos + i sin) (cos 2 + i sin 2) ... (cos n + i sin n) = 1 gks] rks  dk eku gS &
3m 2m  4m  m
(A) ,mZ (B) ,mZ (C*) n (n  1) , m  Z (D) n (n  1) , m  Z
n (n  1) n (n  1)
A-12_. Let principle argument of complex number be re-defined between (, 3], then sum of principle arguments of
roots of equation z6 + z3 + 1 = 0 is
ekuk lfEeJ la[ ;k dk eq[ ; dks. kkad] (, 3], ds e/; iqu ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk gS rc lehdj.k z6 + z3 + 1 = 0 ds
ewyksa dk eq[ ; dks.kkadks dk ;ksxQy gS&
(A) 0 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D*) 12
Section (B) : Argument / Modulus / Conjugate Properties and Triangle Inequality

[k.M (B) : dks . kka d ] ekika d ] la ;q X eh xq . k/keZ vkS j f=kHkq t vlfedk
z 1
B-1. If |z| = 1 and  = (where z  –1), the Re() is
z 1
z 1
;fn |z| = 1 vkSj  = (tgk¡ z  –1) gks ] rks  dk okLrfod Hkkx gS &
z 1
1 z 1 2
(A*) 0 (B)  (C) . (D)
| z  1| 2
z  1 | z  1 |2 | z  1 |2
(1  b  ia)
B-2. If a2 + b2 = 1, then =
(1  b  ia)
(1  b  ia)
;fn a2 + b2 = 1 rc (1  b  ia) =
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C*) b + ia (D) a + ib
B-3. If (2 + i)(2 + 2i) (2 + 3i) ...... (2 + ni) = x + iy, then the value of 5.8.13. .......(4 + n 2)
;fn (2 + i)(2 + 2i) (2 + 3i) ...... (2 + ni) = x + iy gks] rks 5.8.13. .......(4 + n2) dk eku Kkr dhft,A
(A*) (x 2 + y2) (B) x 2
 y2  (C) 2(x 2 + y2) (D) (x + y)
B-4. If z = x + iy satisfies amp (z – 1) = amp (z + 3) then the value of (x – 1) : y is equal to

(A) 2 : 1 (B) 1 : 3 (C) – 1 : 3 (D*) does not exist
;fn z = x + iy, dks. kkad (z – 1) = dks. kkad (z + 3) dks larq"V djrk gS] rks (x – 1) : y gS &
(A) 2 : 1 (B) 1 : 3 (C) – 1 : 3 (D*) vfLrRo ugha gS
Complex Number
B-5. If (1 + i)z = (1 – i) z then z is
t t
(A*) t(1 – i), t  R (B) t (1 + i), t  R (C) , t  R+ (D) , t  R+
1 i 1 i
;fn (1 + i)z = (1 – i) z gks] rks z =
t t
(A) t(1 – i), t  R (B) t (1 + i), t  R (C) , t  R+ (D) , t  R+
1 i 1 i
B-6. Let z and  be two non-zero complex numbers such that |z| = || and arg z =  – arg , then z equals
(A) (B) – (C)  (D*) – 
ekuk z rFkk  nks v'kwU; lfEeJ la[ ;k,sa blizdkj gS fd |z| = || rFkk arg z =  – arg , rc z cjkcj gS
(A) (B) – (C)  (D*) – 
z1 3 z1
B-7. If z1 and z2 are two non-zero complex numbers such that z = 2 and arg(z1z2) = , then is equal to
2 2 z2
z1 3 z1
;fn z1 vkSj z2 nks lfEeJ la[;k,¡ bl izdkj gS fd z = 2 vkSj arg(z1z2) = rc z cjkcj gSµ
2 2 2
(A) 2 (B) –2 (C) –2i (D*) 2i
B-8. Number of complex numbers z such that |z| = 1 and | z / z  z / z | 1 is (arg(z)  [0, 2])
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C*) 8 (D) more than 8
lfEeJ la[ ;k z dh la[ ;k gksxh tcfd |z| = 1 rFkk | z / z  z / z | 1 gS (arg(z)  [0, 2])
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C*) 8 (D) 8 ls vf/kd
B-9. If |z1| = |z2| and arg (z1/z2) = , then z1 + z2 is equal to

(A) 1 (B) 3 (C*) 0 (D) 2
;fn |z1| = |z2| vkSj arg (z1/z2) = , rc z1 + z2 cjkcj gS
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C*) fo'kq ) okLrfod (D) 2
B-10. The number of solutions of the system of equations Re (z 2) = 0, |z| = 2 is

lehdj.k fudk; Re (z2) = 0, |z| = 2 ds gyksa dh la[ ;k gSa &
(A*) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1
B-11. If |z2 – 1| = |z2| + 1, then z lies on :

(A) the real axis (B*) the imaginary axis (C) a circle (D) an ellipse
2 2
;fn |z – 1| = |z | + 1, rks z fLFkr gS&
(A) okLrfod v{k ij (B*) dkYifud v{k ij (C) o`Ùk ij (D) nh?kZo`Ùk ij
B-12_. If |z – 2i| + |z – 2|  ||z| – |z – 2 – 2i||, then locus of z is

;fn |z – 2i| + |z – 2|  ||z| – |z – 2 – 2i||, gks rks z dk fcUnqiFk gS&
(A) circle (B) line segment (C) point (D*) complete x-y plane
(A) o`Ùk (B) js[kk[k.M (C) fcUnq (D*) lEiw.kZ x-y lery
B-13_. The minimum value of |3z–3| + |2z–4| equal to

(A) 1 (B*) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Complex Number
Section (C) : Geometry of Complex Number and Rotation Theorem
[k.M (C) : lfEeJ la [ ;kvks a dh T;kfefr vkS j ?kw . kZ u iz e s ;
z  5i
C-1. The complex number z = x + iy which satisfy the equation  1 lie on :
z  5i
(A*) the x-axis (B) the straight line y = 5
(C) a circle passing through the origin (D) the y-axis
z  5i
lehdj.k  1 dks la r q "V djus okyh lfEeJ la [ ;k z = x + iy ftl oØ ij fLFkr gS ] og gS &
z  5i
(A) x-v{k (B) ljy js [ kk y = 5
(C) ew y fcUnq ls xq tjus okyk o` Ùk (D) y-v{k
C-2. The inequality |z – 4| < | z – 2| represents :

vlfedk |z – 4| < | z – 2| iznf'kZr djrh gS &
(A) Re(z) > 0 (B) Re(z) < 0 (C) Re (z) > 2 (D*) Re(z) > 3

C-3. If Arg (z – 2 – 3i) = , then the locus of z is
4

;fn z – 2 – 3i dk dks. kkad gks] rks z dk fcUnqiFk gS &
4
/4
(2, 3)
(A*) (B)
/4
(2, 3)
(C) (D)
| z  1  i |  2
C-4. The system of equations  , where z is a complex number has :
Re z  1
(A) no solution (B*) exactly one solution
(C) two distinct solutions (D) infinite solution
| z  1  i |  2
lehdj.k fudk; , tgk¡ z ,d lfEeJ la[ ;k gS] ds fy,
Re z  1
(A) dks bZ gy ugha gS A (B*) Bhd ,d gy gS A
(C) nks fofHkUu gy gS a A (D) vuUr gy gS a A
Complex Number i
C-5. The locus of z which lies in shaded region is best represented by
  
(A*) |z|  1,  arg z  (B) |z|  1,  arg z  0 1
2 2 2
  –i
(C) |z|  0, 0  arg z  (D) |z|  1,  arg z 
2 2
z dk fcUnq iFk tks js [ kka fdr Hkkx es a fLFkr gS eq [ ;r% iz n f'kZ r gS &
i
  
(A*) |z|  1,  arg z  }kjk (B) |z|  1,  arg z  0 }kjk
2 2 2
1
 
(C) |z|  0, 0  arg z  }kjk (D) |z|  1,  arg z }kjk
2 2
–i
C-6. The equation |z – 1| 2 + |z + 1|2 = 2 represents
(A) a circle of radius '1' (B) a straight line
(C*) the ordered pair (0, 0) (D) a circle of radius ' 2 '
2 2
lehdj.k |z – 1| + |z + 1| = 2 iznf'kZr djrk gS &
(A) bdkbZ f=kT;k dk ,d o` Ùk (B) ,d ljy js [kk
(C) Øfer ;q Xe (0, 0) (D) bues a ls dks bZ ugha
 z2 
C-7_. If arg    then locus of z is :
z4 3
 z2 
;fn arg  z  4   3 rc z dk fcUnqiFk gS&
 
(A) equileteral triangle (B*) arc of circle

(C) arc of ellipse (D) two rays making angle between them
3
(A) leckgq f=kHkq t (B*) o` Ùk dk pki

(C) nh?kZ o ` Ùk dk pki (D) two rays making angle between them
3
C-8. The region of Argand diagram defined by |z – 1| + |z + 1|  4 is :

(A) interior of an ellipse (B) exterior of a circle
(C*) interior and boundary of an ellipse (D) exterior of ellipse
vkxsZ. M lery esa |z – 1| + | |z + 1|  4 ls iznf'kZr {ks=k gksxk &
(A) nh?kZ o `Ùk ds vUnj dk {ks =kQy (B) o` Ùk ds ckgj dk {ks =kQy
(C) nh?kZ o ` Ùk dh lhek rFkk vUnj dk {ks =kQy (D) bues a ls dks bZ ugha
C-9. The vector z =  4 + 5i is turned counter clockwise through an angle of 180º & stretched 1.5 times. The
complex number corresponding to the newly obtained vector is :
15 15 15 15
(A*) 6  i (B)  6  i (C) 6  i (D) 6  i
2 2 2 2
lfn'k z =  4 + 5i dks okekorZ fn'kk esa 180º dks.k ij ?kqek;k tkrk gS rFkk 1.5 xq.kk foLrkfjr dj fn;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj
izkIr lfn'k ds laxr lfEeJ la[;k gS &
15 15 15 15
(A*) 6  i (B)  6  i (C) 6  i (D) 6  i
2 2 2 2
Complex Number
C-10. The points z1, z2, z3, z4 in the complex plane are the vertices of a parallelogram taken in order if and
only if :
(A) z1 + z4 = z2 + z3 (B*) z1 + z3 = z2 + z4 (C) z1 + z2 = z3 + z4 (D) z1 z3 = z2 z4
lfEeJ lery esa fcUnq z1, z2, z3, z4 ,d Øe esa ysus ij fdlh lekUrj prqHkqZt ds 'kh"kZ fcUnq gksxsa ;fn vkSj dso y
;fn &
(A) z1 + z4 = z2 + z3 (B) z1 + z3 = z2 + z4 (C) z1 + z2 = z3 + z4 (D) z1 z3 = z2 z4
C-11. Complex numbers z1 , z2 , z3 are the vertices A, B, C respectively of an isosceles right angled triangle
with right angle at C and (z 1 – z2)2 = k(z1 – z3) (z3 – z2), then find k
,d lef}ckgq ledks. k f=kHkqt ds 'kh"kZ A, B, C Øe'k% lfEeJ la[ ;k,¡ z1 , z2 , z3 ls iznf'kZr gS ,oa dks. k C ledks. k
gSA ,oa (z1 – z2)2 = k(z1 – z3) (z3 – z2) gS] rks k dk eku gS&
(A) 1 (B*) 2 (C) 3 (D) –2
C-12. If z1, z2, z3 are vertices of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the circle |z| = 2 and if z 1 = 1 + i 3 , then
;fn ,d o`Ùk |z| = 2 ds vUrxZr cuk, x, leckgq f=kHkqt ds 'kh"kZ z1, z2, z3 gks rFkk z1 = 1 + i 3 gks] rks &
(A) z2 = – 2, z3 = 1 + i 3 (B) z2 = 2, z3 = 1 – i 3
(C*) z2 = – 2, z3 = 1 – i 3 (D) z2 = 1 – i 3 , z3 = – 1 – i 3
Section (D) : Cube root of unity and nth Root of Unity.

[k.M (D) : bdkbZ ds ?kuew y ,oa bdkbZ dk nok¡ ew y
D-1. Let z1 and z2 be two non real complex cube roots of unity and |z –z 1|2 + |z – z2|2 = be the equation of
a circle with z1, z2 as ends of a diameter then the value of  is
ekuk bdkbZ ds nks vokLrfod ?kuewy z1 o z2 gS rFkk |z –z1|2 + |z – z2|2 = ml o`Ùk dks iznf'kZr djrk gS ftlds
O;kl ds fljs z1 o z2 gks] rks  dk eku gS &
(A) 4 (B*) 3 (C) 2 (D) 2
D-2. If x = a + b + c, y = a + b + c and z = a + b + c, where  and  are imaginary cube roots of unity,

then xyz =
;fn x = a + b + c, y = a + b + c rFkk z = a + b + c, tgk¡  o  bdkbZ ds dkYifud ?kuewy gks] rks
xyz =
(A) 2(a3 + b3 + c3) (B) 2(a3 – b3 – c3) (C*) a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc (D) a3 – b3 – c3
1 n 2n
n 2n 1
D-3. If 1, , 2 are the cube roots of unity, then  = 2n
is equal to-
 1 n
1 n 2n
n 2n
1
;fn 1, , 2 bdkbZ ds ?kuewy gksa] rc  = 2n  cjkcj gS
 1 n
(A*) 0 (B) 1 (C)  (D) 2
D-4. If x 2 + x + 1 = 0, then the numerical value of

2 2 2 2 2
 1  2 1   3 1  4 1  27 1 
 x     x  2    x  3    x  4   ......   x  27  is equal to
 x  x   x   x   x 
2 2 2 2 2
 1  1  1  1  1 
;fn x2 + x + 1 = 0 gks] rks  x     x 2  2
  x 3  3    x 4  4   ......   x 27  27  dk la[;kRed
 x  x   x   x   x 
eku gS &
(A*) 54 (B) 36 (C) 27 (D) 18
Complex Number
D-5_. If equation (z – 1)n = zn = 1(n  N) has solutions, then n can be :
;fn lehdj.k (z – 1)n = zn = 1(n  N) gy j[krh gS rc n gks ldrk gS&
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C*) 6 (D) 9
D-6. If  is non real and  = 5 1 then the value of 2|1     2   2   1| is equal to
(A*) 4 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 8
;fn  vokLrfod rFkk  = 5 1 gks] rks 2|1     2   2   1| dk eku gksxk &
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 8
D-7_. If  = ei8/11 then Real ( + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) equals to :

;fn  = ei8/11 rc ( + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) dk okLrfod Hkkx cjkcj gS&
1 1
(A) (B) 1 (C*) – (D) –1
2 2
PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN
Hkkx - III : dkWye dks lqesfyr dhft, (MATCH THE COLUMN)
1. Match the column

Column –  Column – 
(Complex number lfEeJ la [ ;k Z) (Principal argument of Z dk eq [ ; dks . kka d)
1  i5 1  2
3i
(A) Z= . (p) 
 2i 3  i
6  6  7
(B) Z = sin + i 1  cos  is (q) 
5  5  18
 11   11  9
(C) Z = 1 + cos   + i sin   (r)
 9   9  10
(D) Z = sinx sin(x – 60) sin(x + 60)
  5
where tgk¡ x   0,  and vkS j x R (s) –
 3 12
(t) 0
Ans. Ans. (A)  (s), (B)  (r), (C)  (q), (D)  (p)
Complex Number
2. Column I Column II
LrEHk -I LrEHk -II
(one of the values of z)
(z dk ,d eku )
 
(A) z4 – 1 = 0 (p) z = cos + i sin
8 8
 
(B) z4 + 1 = 0 (q) z = cos – i sin
8 8
 
(C) iz4 + 1 = 0 (r) z = cos + i sin
4 4
(D) iz4 – 1 = 0 (s) z = cos 0 + i sin 0
Ans. A  s; B  r; C  p; D  q.
3. Which of the condition/ conditions in column II are satisfied by the quadrilateral formed by z1, z2, z3, z4 in
order given in column I?
Column - I Column-II
(A) Parallelogram (p) z1 – z 4 = z 2 – z 3
(B) Rectangle (q) |z1 – z3| = |z2 – z4|
z1  z 2
(C) Rhombus (r) z3  z4
is real
z1  z 3
(D) Square (s) z2  z4
is purely imaginary
z1  z 2
(t) z3  z2
is purely imaginary
LrEHk-I esa fn, x, Øe esa z1, z2, z3, z4 ls cus prqHkqZt dks LrEHk II ls fn, x, izfrcU/k ls lUrq"V gksrk gS ?
LrEHk- I LrEHk-II
(A) lekUrj prqHkqZt (p) z1 – z 4 = z 2 – z 3
(B) vk;r (q) |z1 – z3| = |z2 – z4|

z1  z 2
(C) leprqHkqZt (r) okLrfod gS
z3  z4
z1  z 3
(D) oxZ (s) fo'kq) dkYifud gS
z2  z4
z1  z 2
(t) fo'kq) dkYifud gS
z3  z2
Ans. a  p, r; b  p,q,r, t; c  p,r,s; d  p,q,r,s, t.
Complex Number
4. Let z1 lies on | z | = 1 and z2 lies on | z | = 2.
Column –  Column – 
(A) Maximum value of | z1 + z2 | (p) 3
(B) Minimum value of | z1 – z2 | (q) 1
(C) Minimum value of | 2z1 + 3z2 | (r) 4
(D) Maximum value of | z1 – 2z2| (s) 5
ekuk z1 , | z | = 1 ij fLFkr gS vkSj z2 , | z | = 2 ij fLFkr gS&

LrEHk –  LrEHk – 
(A) | z1 + z2 | dk egÙke eku (p) 3
(B) | z1 – z2 | dk U;w u re eku (q) 1
(C) | 2z1 + 3z2 | dk U;w u re eku (r) 4
(D) | z1 – 2z2| dk egÙke eku (s) 5
Ans. (A)  (p), (B)  (q), (C)  (r), (D)  (s)
lfEeJ la [ ;k

PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx-I : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)
1 
1. sin–1  (z  1)  , where z is nonreal, can be the angle of a triangle if
 i 
(A) Re(z) = 1, m(z) = 2 (B*) Re(z) = 1, 0 <m (z)  1
(C) Re(z) + m(z) = 0 (D) Re(z) = 2, 0 <m (z)  1
1 
sin–1  (z  1)  , tgk¡ z vokLrfod gS ] f=kHkq t dk dks . k gks ldrk gS ;fn &
 i 
(A) Re(z) = 1, m(z) = 2 (B) Re(z) = 1, 0 <m (z)  1
(C) Re(z) + m(z) = 0 (D) bues a ls dks bZ ugha
2. If |z|2 – 2iz + 2c(1 + i) = 0, then the value of z is, where c is real.

(A*) z = c + 1 i(–1 ± 1  2c  c 2 ), where c[–1 – 2 , –1 + 2]
(B) z = c – 1 i(–1 ± 1  2c  c 2 ), where c[–1 – 2 , –1 + 2]
(C) z = 2c + 1 i(–1 ± 1  2c  c 2 ), where c[–1 – 2 , –1 + 2]
(D) z = c + 1 i(–1 ± 1  2c  c 2 ), where c[–1 – 2,1+ 2]

;fn |z|2 – 2iz + 2c(1 + i) = 0, gks rks z dk eku gS tgk¡ c okLrfod gS
(A*) z = c + 1 i(–1 ± 1  2c  c 2 ), tgk¡ c[–1 – 2 , –1 + 2]
(B) z = c – 1 i(–1 ± 1  2c  c 2 ), tgk¡ c[–1 – 2 , –1 + 2]
(C) z = 2c + 1 i(–1 ± 1  2c  c 2 ), tgk¡ c[–1 – 2 , –1 + 2]
(D) z = c + 1 i(–1 ± 1  2c  c 2 ), tgk¡ c[–1 – 2,1+ 2]
3. If z1 =  3 + 5 i; z2 =  5  3 i and z is a complex number lying on the line segment joining

z1 & z2, then arg(z) can be :
;fn z1 =  3 + 5 i; z2 =  5  3 i gks rFkk z1 o z2 dks feykus okys js[kk[k.M ij fLFkr lfEeJ la[;k z gks] rks arg(z)
gks ldrk gS &
3   5
(A)  (B)  (C) (D*)
4 4 6 6
4. If (a + ib)5 =  + i , then (b + ia)5 is equal to

;fn (a + ib)5 =  + i gks] rks (b + ia)5 cjkcj gSA
(A*)  + i (B)  – i (C)  – i (D) –  – i
lfEeJ la [ ;k
1  z  z2
5_. Let z be non real number such that  R, then value of 7|z| is
1  z  z2
1  z  z2
ekuk z vokLrfod la[ ;k bl izdkj gS fd  R, rc 7|z| dk eku gS &
1  z  z2
(A)  (B)  (C)  (D*) 7
6. If |z1| = 2, |z2| = 3, |z3| = 4 and |z1 + z2 + z3| = 2, then the value of |4z 2z3 + 9z3z1 + 16z1z2|
;fn |z1| = 2, |z2| = 3, |z3| = 4 rFkk |z1 + z2 + z3| = 2 gS] rks |4z2z3 + 9z3z1 + 16z1z2| dk eku gS
(A) 24 (B*) 48 (C) 96 (D) 120
7. If |z1 – 1| < 1, |z 2 – 2| < 2, |z 3 – 3| < 3, then |z 1 + z2 + z3|

(A) is less than 6 (B) is more than 3
(C*) is less than 12 (D) lies between 6 and 12
;fn |z1 – 1| < 1, |z2 – 2| < 2, |z3 – 3| < 3 gks] rc |z1 + z2 + z3| dk eku gS &
(A) 6 ls de (B) 3 ls vf/kd (C) 12 ls de (D) 6 o 12 ds e/;
8_. Let O = (0, 0) ; A = (3, 0) ; B = (0, 1) and C = (3, 2), then minimum value of |z| + |z – 3| + |z + i| + |z – 3 – 2i|
occur at
(A) intersection point of AB and CO (B) intersection point of AC and BO
(C) intersection point of CB and AO (D) mean of O, A, B, C
ekuk O = (0, 0) ; A = (3, 0) ; B = (0, 1) vkSj C = (3, 2), rc |z| + |z – 3| + |z + i| + |z – 3 – 2i| dk U;wure eku gS&
(A*) AB vkSj CO dk izfrPNsn fcUnq
(B) AC vkSj BO dk izfrPNsn fcUnq
(C) CB vkSj AO dk izfrPNsn fcUnq
(D) O, A, B, C dk ek/;
9. Given z is a complex number with modulus 1. Then the equation [(1 + ia)/(1 – ia)]4 = z in 'a' has
(A*) all roots real and distinct (B) two real and two imaginary
(C) three roots real and one imaginary (D) one root real and three imaginary
fn;k x;k gS fd ekikad 1 dh lfEeJ la[ ;k z gS rc lehdj.k [(1 + ia)/(1 – ia)]4 = z esa 'a' j[krk gS
(A*) lHkh ew y okLrfod vkS j fofHkUu gS A (B) nks okLrfod vkS j nks dkYifud ew y
(C) rhu okLrfod ew y vkS j ,d dkYifud ew y (D) ,d okLrfod ew y vkS j rhu dkYifud ew y
10. Let A, B, C represent the complex numbers z 1, z2, z3 respectively on the complex plane. If the
circumcentre of the triangle ABC lies at the origin, then the orthocentre is represented by the complex
number :
ekuk lfEeJ lery ij A, B, C Øe'k% lfEeJ la[;kvkas z1, z2, z3 dks iznf'kZr djrs gSA ;fn f=kHkqt ABC dk ifjdsUnz
ewyfcUnq ij gks] rks yEc dsUnz dks iznf'kZr djus okyh lfEeJ la[;k gS &
(A) z1 + z2  z3 (B) z2 + z3  z1 (C) z3 + z1  z2 (D*) z1 + z2 + z3
11. The real values of the parameter ‘a’ for which at least one complex number z = x + iy satisfies both the
equality z  ai = a + 4 and the inequality z  2 < 1.
izkpy ‘a’ ds okLrfod eku Kkr dhft, ftuds fy, de ls de ,d lfEeJ la[ ;k z = x + iy lfedk
z  ai = a + 4 ,oa vlfedk z  2 < 1 nks u ks a dks la r q "V djrh gks A
 21 5   7 5 5 7  21 7 
(A*)   ,   (B)   ,   (C)  ,  (D)   , 
 10 6   2 6 6 2  10 2 
lfEeJ la [ ;k
12. The points of intersection of the two curves z  3 = 2 and z = 2 in an argand plane are:
lfEeJ lery esa nks oØksa z  3 = 2 vkSj z = 2 ds izfrPNsnu fcUnq gS &
1 1 3 7 7 3
(A)
2
7i 3  (B*)
2

3i 7  (C)
2
±i
2
(D)
2
±i
2
13. The equation of the radical axis of the two circles represented by the equations,
z  2 = 3 and z  2  3 i = 4 on the complex plane is :
lfEeJ lery esa lehdj.kksa z  2 = 3 vkSj z  2  3 i = 4 ls iznf'kZr nks o`Ùkksa dh ewyk{k dk lehdj.k gSa &
(A) 3iz – 3i z – 2 = 0 (B*) 3iz – 3i z + 2 = 0
(C) iz – i z + 1 = 0 (D) 2iz – 2i z + 3 = 0
 z1  4 
14. If log1/2   > 1, then the locus of z is

 3 z 1  2 
(A*) Exterior to circle with center 1 + i0 and radius 10
(B) Interior to circle with center 1 + i0 and radius 10
(C) Circle with center 1 + i0 and radius 10
(D) Circle with center 2 + i0 and radius 10
 z1  4 
;fn log1/2   > 1 rc z dk fcUnqiFk gS&

 3 z  1  2 
(A*) dsUnz 1 + i0 vkSj f=kT;k 10 ds o`Ùk dk ckgjh Hkkx
(B) dsUnz 1 + i0 vkSj f=kT;k 10 ds o`Ùk dk vkUrfjd Hkkx
(C) dsUnz 1 + i0 vkSj f=kT;k 10 dk o`Ùk
(D) dsUnz 2 + i0 vkSj f=kT;k 10 dk o`Ùk
15. Points z1 & z2 are adjacent vertices of a regular octagon. The vertex z 3 adjacent to z 2 (z3  z1) is
represented by :
1 1
(A) z2 + (1 ± i) (z1 + z2) (B) z2 + (1 ± i) (z1  z2)
2 2
1
(C*) z2 + (1 ± i) (z2  z1) (D) none of these
2
lev"VHkqt ds vklUu 'kh"kZ z1 ,oa z2 gS] rks z2 ds vklUu 'kh"kZ z3 (z3  z1) dks iznf'kZr fd;k tk ldrk gS &
1 1
(A) z2 + (1 ± i) (z1 + z2) (B) z2 + (1 ± i) (z1  z2)
2 2
1
(C) z2 + (1 ± i) (z2  z1) (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
2
16. If p = a + b + c2; q = b + c + a2 and r = c + a + b2 where a, b, c  0 and  is the non-real complex
cube root of unity, then :
(A) p + q + r = a + b + c (B) p2 + q2 + r2 = a2 + b2 + c2
2 2 2
(C*) p + q + r = 2(pq + qr + rp) (D) None of these
;fn p = a + b + c2; q = b + c + a2 ,oa r = c + a + b2, tgk¡ a, b, c  0 gks rFkk bdkbZ dk dkYifud
?kuewy gks] rks &
(A) p + q + r = a + b + c (B) p2 + q2 + r2 = a2 + b2 + c2
(C) p2 + q2 + r2 = 2(pq + qr + rp) (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
lfEeJ la [ ;k
17. The points z1 = 3 + 3 i and z2 = 2 3 + 6 i are given on a complex plane. The complex number lying
on the bisector of the angle formed by the vectors z 1 and z2 is :
(3  2 3 ) 3 2
(A) z =  i (B*) z = 5 + 5 i
2 2
(C) z =  1  i (D) none
lfEeJ lery esa fcUnq z1 = 3 + 3 i ,oa z2 = 2 3 + 6 i fn, x, gSA lfn'kksa z1 ,oa z2 ls fufeZr dks.k ds v/kZd ij fLFkr
lfEeJ la[;k gS &
(3  2 3 ) 3 2
(A) z =  i (B) z = 5 + 5 i
2 2
(C) z =  1  i (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
18_. Let  be the non real cube root of unity which satisfy the equation h(x) = 0 where h(x) = x f(x3) + x2g(x3).
If h(x) is polynomial with real coefficient then which statement is incorrect.
ekuk  bdkbZ dk vokLrfod ?kuewy gS tks lehdj.k h(x) = 0 dks larq"V djrk gS tgka h(x) = x f(x3) + x2g(x3) dks
;fn h(x) okLrfod xq.kdksa dk cgqin gS rc fuEu esa ls dkSulk vlR; dFku gS&
(A) f(1) = 0 (B) g(1) = 0 (C) h(1) = 0 (D*) g(1)  f(1)
19. If 1, 1, 2, 3,......., n  1 be the nth roots of unity, then the value of
 2 3 ( n  1) 
sin . sin . sin ........ sin equals
n n n n
 2 3 ( n  1) 
ekuk 1, 1, 2, 3,......., n  1 , n bdkbZ ds nosa ewy gS rks sin . sin . sin ........ sin dk eku
n n n n
cjkcj gS&
n n n1 n
(A) n (B*) (C) n 1 (D) n 1
2 2n  1 2 2
PART - II : SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE

Hkkx - II : ,dy ,oa f}&iw.kk±d eku izdkj ¼SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE½
N
1. If a and b are positive integer such that N = (a + ib)3 – 107i is a positive integer then find the value of
2
N
;fn /kukRed iw.kk±d a ,oa b bl izdkj gSa fd N = (a + ib)3 – 107i ,d /kukRed iw.kk±d gks] rks dk eku Kkr dhft,A
2
Ans. 99
a
2. Let z,w be complex numbers such that z  iw  0 and arg zw = . If Re(z) < 0 and principal arg z = then
b
find the value of a + b. (where a & b are co-prime natural numbers)
a
ekuk z,w lfEeJ la[;k,a bl izdkj gS fd z  iw  0 vkSj arg zw = . ;fn Re(z) < 0 vkSj z dk eq[; dks.kkad =
b
rc a + b dk eku gS& (tgk¡ a vkSj b lgvHkkT; izkÑr la[;k,a gSA)
Ans. 7
lfEeJ la [ ;k

r
3. If x = 9 1/3
91/9
91/27
..., y = 4 1/3 –1/9
4 4 1/27
... , and z =  1  i
r 1
and principal argument of P = (x + yz) is
 a
–tan–1   then determine a2 + b2. (where a & b are co-prime natural numbers)

 b 

r
‘;fn x = 9 9 9 1/3 1/9 1/27
..., y = 4 1/3 –1/9
4 41/27
...  rFkk z =  1  i
r 1
gksa rFkk P = (x + yz) dk eq[; dks.kkad
 a
–tan–1   gks rks a2 + b2 dk eku gksxk& (tgk¡ a vkSj b lgvHkkT; izkÑr la[;k,a gSA)

 b 
Ans. 13
4. z1, z2  c and z12 + z22  R,

z1(z12 – 3z22) = 2, z2 (3z12 – z22) = 11
If z12 + z22 = then determine 2
z1, z2  c vkSj z12 + z22  R,
z1(z12 – 3z22) = 2, z2 (3z12 – z22) = 11
;fn z12 + z22 = gks rks 2 dk eku gS&
Ans. 25
z 1
5. Let |z| = 2 and w = where z, wC (where C is the set of complex numbers), then find product of
z 1
maximum and minimum value of |w|.
z 1
ekuk |z| = 2 vkSj w = tgk¡ z, wC (tgk¡ C ,d lfEeJ la[;kvksa dk leqPp; gS), rc |w| dk vf/kdre o U;wure
z 1
eku dk xq.ku Kkr dhft,
Ans. 1
6. A function 'f' is defined by f(z) = (4 + i)z2 + z +  for all complex number z, where  and  are complex
numbers if f(1) and f(i) are both real and the smallest possible values of || + || is p then determine p2.
ekuk Qyu 'f' lHkh lfEeJ la[;kvksa z ds fy, ifjHkkf"kr bl izdkj gS fd f(z) = (4 + i)z2 + z +  tgk¡  vkSj  lfEeJ
la[;k,a gS ;fn f(1) vkSj f(i) nksuks okLrfod gS vkSj || + || dk lcls NksVk laHkkfor eku p gS rc p2 Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 2

7. If z and  are two non-zero complex numbers such that |z| = 1, and arg (z) – arg() = , then find the value
2
of 5 i z 

;fn z vkSj  nks v'kwU; lfEeJ la[;k,a bl izdkj gS fd |z| = 1 vkSj dks.kkad (z) – dks.kkad () = , rks 5 i z  dk eku
2
gS&
Ans. 5
8. Number of complex number satisfying |z| = max {|z – 1|, |z + 1|}.
|z| = max {|z – 1|, |z + 1|} dks la r q "B djus okys lfEeJ la [ ;kvks a dh la [ ;k gS &
Ans. 0

9. If z1 & z2 both satisfy the relation, z + z = 2 z  1 and arg (z1  z2) = , then find the imaginary part
4
of (z1 + z2).
lfEeJ la [ ;k

;fn lEcU/k z + z = 2 z  1 ,oa dks. kkad (z1  z2) = nksuksa dks z1 o z2 larq"V djrs gks] rks (z1 + z2) dk
4
dkYifud Hkkx Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 2
10. If a1, a2, a3.... an, A1, A2, A3..... An, k are all real numbers and number of imaginary roots of the equation
2 2 2
A1 A2 An
  ......  = k is . Then find the value of  + 15.
x  a1 x  a 2 x  an
;fn a1, a2, a3.... an, A1, A2, A3..... An, k lHkh okLrfod la[;k,a gS rFkk
2 2 2
A1 A2 An
  ......  = k ds dkYifud ewyksa dh la[;k gS rks  + 15 dk eku Kkr dhft,A
x  a1 x  a 2 x  an
Ans. 15
n
1 r
11. How many complex number z such that | z | <
3
and a z
r 1
r = 1 where |ar| < 2.
n
1 r
lfEeJ la[;k z dh la[;k gksxh tcfd | z | <
3
vkSj a z
r 1
r = 1 tgk¡ |ar| < 2 larq"V gksrh gSA
Ans. 0
12. If a variable circle S touches S1 : |z – z1| = 7 internally and S2 : |z – z2| = 4 externally while the curves S1 & S2
touch internally to each other, (z1  z2). If the eccentricity of the locus of the centre of the curve S is ‘e’ find
the value of 11e.
;fn ,d pj o`Ùk S, S1 : |z – z1| = 7 dks vUr% LIk'kZ djrk gS S2 : |z – z2| = 4 dks ckg~;r% Li'kZ djrk gS tcfd
oØ S1 vkSj S2 ijLij ,d nqljs dks vUr% Li'kZ djrs gS] (z1  z2) rks oØ S ds dsUnz ds fcUnq iFk dh mRdsUnzrk dk eku
e gS rks 11e dk eku gS&
Ans. 3
z2
13. Given that, z  1 = 1, where ' z ' is a point on the argand plane. =  i tan (arg z). Then
2z
1
determine .
4
z2 1
;fn z  1 = 1 tgk¡ ' z ' vkxZs. M ry esa dksbZ fcUnq gks] rFkk =  i tan (arg z) gks rks 4 dk eku gS &
2z 
Ans. 16
 
14. Area of the region formed by z  4 & –  arg z  on the Argand diagram is expressed in the form
2 3
a
of . Then find the value of ab (where a & b are co-prime natural number)
b
  a
lfEeJ ry esa z  4 vkSj –  arg z  nksuks dks larq"V djus okys {ks=k ds {ks=kQy dks ds :i esa O;Dr fd;k
2 3 b
tk ldrk gS rc ab dk eku Kkr dhft, (tgk¡ a vkSj b lgvHkkT; izkÑr la[;k gS)
Ans. 60
lfEeJ la [ ;k
15. The points A, B, C represent the complex numbers z 1, z2, z3 respectively on a complex plane & the
1
angle B & C of the triangle ABC are each equal to (   ) . If
2

(z2  z3)² =  (z3  z1) (z1  z2) sin2
then determine .
2
ekuk fcUnq A, B, C Øe'k% lfEeJ la[ ;kvksa z1, z2, z3 dks lfEeJ lery ij iznf'kZr djrs gS rFkk f=kHkqt ABC ds
1 
dks. k B o C izR;sd (  ) ds cjkcj gks ] ;fn (z2  z3)² =  (z3  z1) (z1  z2) sin2 gks rks  dk eku Kkr
2 2
dhft,A
Ans. 4
1 1 1
16. If and 2 are the non-real cube roots of unity and a, b, c  R such that   = 22 and
a b c
1 1 1 1 1 1
2
 2
 2 = 2. If   =  then determine 4
a b c a1 b1 c 1
1 1 1
;fn vkSj 2 bdkbZ dk vokLrfod ?ku ewy gS vkSj a, b, c  R bl izdkj gS fd   = 22 vkSj
a b c
1 1 1 1 1 1
2
 2
 2 = 2. ;fn   =  rc 4 dk eku gS&
a b c a1 b1 c 1
Ans. 16
6
 2 k 2  k
17. The value of   sin  i cos  = then find 4
k 1  7 7 
6
 2 k 2  k
  sin  i cos  = gks rks 4 dk eku gS &
k 1  7 7 
Ans. 1
r
 i
e
2
15


 1+ Z1 + Z 2 + Z 3  ......... + Z 7  a
18. Let Zr =   . If arg  = , then b – a equals. (where a & b are co-prime
   1+ Z8 + Z 9 + Z10 + ....... + Z14  b
natural number)
 1+ Z1 + Z 2 + Z 3  ......... + Z 7  a
ekuk fd bdkbZ ds 15 ewy 1, Z1, Z2, . . . . . . , Z14 gS ;fn arg  = gks] rc b
 1+ Z8 + Z 9 + Z10 + ....... + Z14  b
– a cjkcj gS (tgk¡ a vks j b lgvHkkT; iz kÑr la [ ;k gS & )
Ans. 1
1 1 1
19. If A1, A2, ......., An be the vertices of an n-sided regular polygon such that A A = A A + A A ,
1 2 1 3 1 4
then find the value of n
1 1 1
;fn ,d n-Hkqtkvksa okys lecgqHkqt ds 'kh"kZ A1, A2, ......., An bl izdkj gS fd A A = A A + A A gks] rks n
1 2 1 3 1 4
dk eku Kkr dhft,A

Ans. 7
lfEeJ la [ ;k
PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx - III : ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi çdkj
1. If the biquadratic x 4 + ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0 (a, b, c, d  R) has 4 non real roots, two with sum 3 + 4i
and the other two with product 13 + i.
;fn prqFkZ ?kkr lehdj.k x 4 + ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0 (a, b, c, d  R) ds 4 vokLrfod ewy gSa] ftuesa ls nks dk ;ksx
3 + 4i rFkk vU; nks dk xq.kuQy 13 + i gS] rks
(A*) b = 51 (B*) a = –6 (C*) c = –70 (D*) d = 170
2. The quadratic equation z 2 + (p + ip) z + q + iq = 0; where p, p, q, q are all real.
(A*) if the equation has one real root then q 2  pp  q + qp 2 = 0.
(B*) if the equation has two equal roots then pp = 2q .
(C*) if the equation has two equal roots then p 2  p2 = 4q
(D) if the equation has one real root then p 2  pp  q + q 2 = 0.
f}?kkr lehdj.k z2 + (p + ip) z + q + iq = 0; tgk¡ p, p, q, q lHkh okLrfod gS] ds lanHkZ esa
(A*) ;fn lehdj.k dk ,d okLrfod ewy gS] rks q 2  pp  q + qp 2 = 0.
(B*) ;fn lehdj.k ds nks ewy cjkcj gS] rks pp = 2q .
(C*) ;fn lehdj.k ds nks ewy leku gS rks p2  p2 = 4q
(D) ;fn lehdj.k dk ,d ewy okLrfod gS rks p 2  pp  q + q 2 = 0.
3. The value of i n + i n, for i = 1 and n   is :
i = 1 ds fy, i n + i n, tgk¡ n   dk eku gks xk &
2n (1  i) 2n (1  i) 2n (1  i) 2n
(A) + (B*) +
(1  i) 2 n 2n 2n 2n
(1  i) 2n 2n 2n 2n
(C) + (D*) +
2n (1  i) 2 n (1  i) 2 n (1  i) 2 n
4.  If amp (z1z2) = 0 and |z1| = |z2| = 1, then

(A) z1 + z2 = 0 (B*) z1z2 = 1 (C*) z1 = z2 (D) z1 = z2
;fn amp (z1z2) = 0 rFkk |z1| = |z2| = 1, rc
(A) z1 + z2 = 0 (B*) z1z2 = 1 (C*) z1 = z2 (D) z1 = z2

5. Let z1 and z2 are two complex numbers such that (1 – i)z1 = 2z2 and arg(z1z2) = , then arg(z2) is equal
2
to

ekuk z1 rFkk z2 nks lfEeJ la[;k,¡ bl izdkj gS fd (1 – i)z1 = 2z2 vkSj arg(z1z2) = rc arg(z2) cjkcj gSµ
2
(A) 3/8 (B*) /8 (C) 5/8 (D*) – 7/8
6. If |z1 + z2|2 = |z1|2 + |zz|2 (where z1 and z2 are non-zero complex numbers), then
z1 z1
(A) is purely real (B*) is purely imaginary
z2 z2
z1 
(C*) z1z 2  z 2 z1 = 0 (D*) amp may be equal to
z2 2
lfEeJ la [ ;k
;fn |z1 + z2|2 = |z1|2 + |z2|2 gks] rks &
z1 z1
(A) z fo'kq ) okLrfod gS A (B) z fo'kq ) dkYifud gS A
2 2
z1 
(C) z1z 2  z 2 z1 = 0 (D) dks . kka d dk eku ds cjkcj gks ldrk gSA
z2 2
7. a, b, c are real numbers in the polynomial, P(z) = 2z 4 + az3 + bz2 + cz + 3. If two roots of the equation
P(z) = 0 are 2 and i. Then which of the following are true.
cgqin P(z) = 2z4 + az3 + bz2 + cz + 3 esa a, b, c okLrfod la[ ;k,¡ gSaA ;fn lehdj.k P(z) = 0 ds nks ewy 2
,oa i gS] rks fuEu esa ls dkSulk lR; gS&
11 11
(A*) a = – (B*) b = 5 (C*) c = – (D) a = –11
2 2
1  i1 2i1  3i......1  ni

8. If Z =
1 i2  i3  i......n  i , n  N then principal argument of Z can be
1  i1 2i1  3i......1  ni
;fn Z = 1  i2  i3  i......n  i , n  N gks rks Z dk eq[ ; dks. kkad gks ldrk gS&
 
(A*) 0 (B*) (C*) – (D*) 
2 2
9.  For complex numbers z and w, if |z| 2w – |w|2 z = z – w. Which of the following are true :
z rFkk w lfEeJ la [ ;kvks a ds fy, ;fn |z|2w – |w|2 z = z – w. fuEu es a ls dkS u lk lR; gS &
(A*) z = w (B*) z w = 1 (C) z = w + 2 (D*) z w = 1
10. If z satisfies the inequality |z – 1 – 2i|  1, then which of the following are true.
(A*) maximum value of |z| = 5 1
(B*) minimum value of |z| = 5  1
(C*) maximum value of arg(z) = /2
3
(D*) minimum value of arg(z) = tan–1  
4
;fn z vlfedk |z – 1 – 2i|  1 gks rks] fuEu esa ls dkSulk lR; gS&
(A*) |z| dk vf/kdre eku = 5  1
(B*) |z| dk U;w u re eku =5 1
(C*) arg(z) dk vf/kdre eku /2 gS A
3
(D*) arg(z) dk U;w u re eku tan–1   gS A
4
3
11. The curve represented by z = ,  [0, 2)
2  cos   i sin 
(A*) never meets the imaginary axis (B*) meets the real axis in exactly two points
(C*) has maximum value of |z| as 3 (D*) has minimum value of |z| as 1
lfEeJ la [ ;k
3
z= ,  [0, 2) }kjk iznf'kZr oØ &
2  cos   i sin 
(A*) dkYifud v{k dks dHkh ugha feyrkA (B*) okLrfod v{k dks dsoy nks fcUnqvksa ij feyrk gSA
(C*) |z| dk vf/kdre eku 3 gSA (D*) |z| dk U;wure eku 1 gSA
12_. POQ is a straight line through the origin O . P and Q represent the complex number a + i b and c + i d
respectively and OP = OQ. Then which of the follwoing are true :
POQ ewy fcUnq ls tkus okyh ,d ljy js[kk gSA P vkSj Q dh lfEeJ la[;k,sa % a + i b vkSj c + i d gS rFkk OP = OQ.
rc fuEu esa ls dkSuls lgh gSA
(A*) |a + i b| = | c + i d| (B*) a + c = b + d
(C) arg (a + i b) = arg (c + i d) (D) none of these buesa ls dksbZ ugha
13. Let i =  1 . Define a sequence of complex number by z1 = 0, zn+1 = zn 2 + i for n  1. Then which of the
following are true.
ekukfd i =  1 . n  1 ds fy, lfEeJ la[ ;k dk ,d vuqØe z1 = 0, zn+1 = zn 2 + i }kjk ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk
gSA rc fuEu esa ls dkSulk lR; gS&
(A) |z2050| = 3 (B*) |z2017| = 2 (C*) |z2016| = 1 (D*) |z2111| = 2
14. If |z1| = |z2| = ...... = |zn| = 1 then which of the following are true.
1
(A*) z1 = z
1
1 1 1
(B*) |z1 + z2 + ..... + zn| = z  z  ......  z .
1 2 n
1 1 1
(C*) Centroid of polygon with 2n vertices z 1, z2, ....... zn , z , z , ........ z (need not be in order)
1 2 n
lies on real axis.
1 1 1
(D) Centroid of polygon with 2n vertices z 1, z2, ....... zn , z , z , ........ z (need not be in order)
1 2 n
lies on imaginary axis.
;fn |z1| = |z2| = ...... = |zn| = 1 gks rc fuEu esa ls dkSulk lR; gS&
1
(A) z1 =
z1
1 1 1
(B) |z1 + z2 + ..... + zn| = z  z  ......  z .
1 2 n
1 1 1
(C) 2n 'kh"kkZ s a ds cgq Hkq t dk ds Unz d z1, z2, ....... zn , z , z , ........ z (Øe es a gks u k vko';d ugha ) okys
1 2 n
okLrfod v{k ij fLFkr gSA

1 1 1
(D) 2n 'kh"kkZ s a ds cgq Hkq t dk ds Unz d z1, z2, ....... zn , , , ........ (Øe esa gksuk vko';d ugha)
z1 z 2 zn
dkYifud v{k ij fLFkr gS&
lfEeJ la [ ;k
1 1
15. If 2 cos = x + and 2 cos  = y + , then
x y
1 x y
(A*) x n + n = 2 cos (n), n  z (B*) y  x = 2 cos ( –  )
x
1 1
(C*) xy + = 2 cos ( +  ) (D*) x m yn + m n = 2cos(m + n  ), m, n  z
xy x y
1 1
;fn 2 cos = x + vkSj 2 cos  = y + gks] rks &
x y
1 x y
(A) x n + n = 2 cos (n) , n  z (B) y  x = 2 cos ( –  )
x
1 1
(C) xy + xy = 2 cos ( +  ) (D) x m yn + m n = 2cos(m + n  ), m, n  z
x y
z
16. If = k, k > 0 where, z = x + iy and  = 1 + i2,  =  1 + i 2 are fixed complex numbers. Then
z 
which of the following are true
 k 2   
(A*) if k  1 then locus is a circle whose centre is  2 

 k 1 
k(  )
(B*) if k  1 then locus is a circle whose radius is
1 k 2
(C*) if k = 1 then locus is perpendicular bisector of line joining  = 1 + i2 and  =  1 + i 2
 k2   
(D) if k  1 then locus is a circle whose centre is  2 
 k 1 
z
;fn z   = k, k  1, tgk¡ z = x + iy vkSj  = 1 + i2,  = 1 + i 2 fLFkj lfEeJ la[;k,¡ gS] rc fuEu esa ls dkSulk
lR; gS&
 k 2   
(A*) ;fn k  1 gks rks fcUnqiFk] ,d o`Ùk gS ftldk dsUnz  2  gSA

 k  1 
k(  )
(B*) ;fn k  1 fcUnqiFk] ,d o`Ùk gS ftldh f=kT;k gSA
1 k 2
(C*) ;fn k = 1 fcUnqiFk]  = 1 + i2 vkSj  =  1 + i 2 dks feykus okyh js[kk dk yEc lef)Hkktd gSA
 k2   
(D) ;fn k  1 gks rks fcUnqiFk] ,d o`Ùk gS ftldk dsUnz  2  gSA
 k 1 
17. The equation ||z + i| – |z – i|| = k represents
(A*) a hyperbola if 0 < k < 2 (B) a pair of ray if k > 2
(C*) a straight line if k = 0 (D*) a pair of ray if k = 2
lehdj.k ||z + i| – |z – i|| = k iznf'kZr djrh gS &
(A) ,d vfrijoy; ;fn 0 < k < 2 (B) ,d fdj.k ;q Xe ;fn k > 2
(C) ,d ljy js [ kk ;fn k = 0 (D) ,d fdj.k ;q Xe ;fn k = 2
lfEeJ la [ ;k
18. The equation |z – i| + |z + i| = k, k > 0, can represent
(A*) an ellipse if k > 2 (B*) line segment if k = 2
(C*) an ellipse if k = 5 (D*) no locus if k = 1
lehdj.k |z – i| + |z + i| = k, k > 0, iznf'kZr djrh gS&
(A) ,d nh?kZ o ` Ùk ;fn k > 2 (B) js [ kk[k.M ;fn k = 2
(C) ,d nh?kZ o ` Ùk ;fn k = 5 (D) dks bZ fcUnq iFk ugh ;fn k = 1
19. If |z1| = |z2| = |z3| = 1 and z1, z2, z3 are represented by the vertices of an equilateral triangle then
(A*) z1 + z2 + z3 = 0 (B) z1z2z3 = 1
(C*) z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1 = 0 (D*) z23 + z33 = 2z13
;fn |z1| = |z2| = |z3| = 1 gks rFkk ,d leckgq f=kHkqt ds 'kh"kZ z1, z2, z3 gks] rks &
(A*) z1 + z2 + z3 = 0 (B) z1z2z3 = 1
(C*) z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1 = 0 (D*) z23 + z33 = 2z13
20. Let z1, z2, z3 be three distinct complex numbers satisfying, z11 = z21 = z31= 1. Let A, B &
C be the points representing vertices of equilateral triangle in the Argand plane corresponding to z 1, z2
and z3 respectively. Which of the following are true
ekukfd lehdj.k z11 = z21 = z31= 1 dks larq"V djus okyh rhu fofHkUu lfEeJ la[ ;k,¡ z1, z2, z3 gSA
rFkk vkxsZ. M lery esa z1, z2, z3 ds laxr fcUnq Øe'k% A, B ,oa C gSA A, B, C leckgq f=kHkqt ds 'kh"kZ gS] rks fuEu
es ls dkSulk lR; gS&
(A*) z1 + z2 + z3 = 3 (B*) z12 + z22 + z32 = 3
3 3
(C*) area of trianglef+=kHkq t ABC dk {ks =kQy = (D) z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1 = 1
4
21. If 1, 1, 2, 3,......., n  1 be the nth roots of unity, then which of the following are true
ekuk 1, 1, 2, 3,......., n  1 , bdkbZ ds nosa ewy gSA rc fuEu esa dkSulk lghs gS&
1 1 1 n 1
(A*) 1    1    ......  1   =
1 2 n1 2
(B*) (1 1) (1 2) (1 3)........ (1  n  1) = n.
(C*) (2 – 1) (2 2) (2 3)........ (2  n  1) = 2n – 1
1 1 1 n
(D) 1    1    ......  1   =
1 2 n1 2
22. Which of the following are true. fuEu es a ls dkS u lk lR; gS &
x  n  2
(A*) cos x + nC1 cos 2x + nC2 cos 3x +..... + nCn cos (n + 1) x = 2n. cosn . cos   x
2  2 
x  n  2
(B*) sin x + nC1 sin 2x + nC2 sin 3x +..... + nCn sin (n + 1) x = 2n. cosn . sin   x
2  2 
x  nx 
(C*) 1 + nC1 cosx + nC2 cos 2x +..... + nCn cos nx = 2n. cosn . cos  
2  2 
x  nx 
(D*) nC1 sinx + nC2 sin 2x +..... + nCn sin n x = 2n. cosn . sin  
2  2 
23. If z is a complex number then the equation z 2 + z z + z2 = 0 is satisfied by
( and 2 are imaginary cube roots of unity)
(A) z = k  where k  R (B*) z = k 2 where k is non negative real
(C*) z = k  where k is positive real (D) z = k 2 where k  R.
;fn z ,d ,sl h lfEeJ la[ ;k gS tks lehdj.k z2 + z z + z2 = 0 dks larq"V djrh gS rks
( vkS j 2 bdkbZ ds dkYifud ?kuew y gS A)
(A) z = k  tgk¡ k  R (B) z = k 2 tgk¡ k v_.kkRed okLrfod gS A
(C) z = k  tgk¡ k /kukRed okLrfod gS A (D) z = k 2 tgk¡ k  R.
lfEeJ la [ ;k
24. If  is imaginary nth (n  3) root of unity. Which of the following are true.
;fn  bdkbZ dk dkYifud noka (n  3) ewy gS rks fuEu esa ls dkSulk lR; gS&
n1 n1
n 2r n 
(A*)  (n  r )  r = (B*)  (n  r) sin = cot .
r 1
1  r 1
n 2 n
n1 n1
2r n r n
(C*)  (n  r ) cos
n
=–
2
(D)  (n  r ) 
r 1
=
1 
r 1
25. Which of the following is true

(A*) roots of the equation z 10  z5  992 = 0 with real part positive = 5
(B*) roots of the equation z 10  z5  992 = 0 with real part negative = 5
(C*) roots of the equation z 10  z5  992 = 0 with imaginary part non-negative = 6
(D*) roots of the equation z 10  z5  992 = 0 with imaginary part negative = 4
fuEu esa ls dkSulk lR; gS&

(A*) lehdj.k z10  z5  992 = 0 ds ewyksa dh la[;k 5 gksxh ftlds okLrfod Hkkx /kukRed gSA
(B*) lehdj.k z10  z5  992 = 0 ds ewyksa dh la[;k 5 gksxh ftlds okLrfod Hkkx _.kkkRed gSA
(C*) lehdj.k z10  z5  992 = 0 ds ewyksa dh la[;k 6 gksxh ftlds dkYifud Hkkx v_.kkkRed gSA
(D*) lehdj.k z10  z5  992 = 0 ds ewyksa dh la[;k 4 gksxh ftlds dkYifud Hkkx _.kkkRed gSA
PART - IV : COMPREHENSION
Hkkx - III : vuqPNsn (COMPREHENSION)
Comprehension # 1 (Q. No. 1 - 2)

vuqPNsn # 1
Let (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + .......+ Cnxn. For sum of series C0 + C1 + C2 + ........., put x = 1. For sum of
series C0 + C2 + C4 + C6 + ........, or C1 + C3 + C5 + ........ add or substract equations obtained by putting x
= 1 and x = – 1.
For sum of series C0 + C3 + C6 + ........ or C1 + C4 + C7 + ....... or C2 + C5 + C8 + ....... we subsitute x = 1,
x = , x = 2 and add or manupulate results.
Similarly, if suffixes differe by ‘p’ then we substitute pth roots of unity and add.
ekuk (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + .......+ Cnxn. Js.kh C0 + C1 + C2 + ........., ds ;ksx ds fy;s x = 1 j[krk gSA Js.kh
C0 + C2 + C4 + C6 + ........, ;k C1 + C3 + C5 + ........ ds ;ksx ds fy;s x = 1 ,oa x = – 1 j[kus esa izkIr lehdj.kksa dks
tksM+rs ;k ?kVkrs gSSA Js.kh C0 + C3 + C6 + ........ ;k C1 + C4 + C7 + ....... ;k C2 + C5 + C8 + ....... ds ;ksx ds fy;s ge
x = 1, x = , x = 2 izfrLFkkfir djrs gS vkSj ifj.kkeksa dk ;ksx ,oa vUrj ysrs gSA blh izdkj ;fn vuqyXuksa dk vUrj ‘p’
gksrk gS rks ge bdkbZ esa posa ewyksa dks izfrLFkkfir djrs gS vkSj ;ksx ysrs gSA
1. C0 + C3 + C6 + C9 +........ =
1  n n  1  n n 1  n n  1  n n 
(A)
3 2  2 cos 3  (B*) 2  2 cos 3  (C) 3 2  2 sin 3  (D)
3 2  2 sin 3 
  3      
2. C1 + C5 + C9 +.... =
1  n n/ 2 n  1  n n/2 n 
(A)
4 2  2 2 cos 4  (B)
4 2  2 2 cos 4 
   
1  n n/ 2 n  1  n n/2 n 
(C)
4 2  2 2 sin 4  (D*)
4 2  2 2 sin 4 
   
lfEeJ la [ ;k
Comprehension # 2 (Q. No. 3 to 6)
As we know ei = cos + isin and (cos1 + isin1).(cos2 + isin2) = cos(1 + 2) + i sin(1 + 2)
3
Let ,   R such that cos ( – ) + cos ( – ) + cos ( – ) = –
2
3.  sin (+ ) =  cos (+ ) =

(A*)0 (B)3cos cos cos (C)3 cos ( +  + ) (D)3
4. cos(2 –  –  )
(A)0 (B)3cos cos cos (C)3 cos ( +  + ) (D*)3
5.  cos 3  =
(A)0 (B)3cos cos cos (C*)3 cos ( +  + ) (D)3
 cos 3 (    )
6. If ;fn   R then rc =
 cos(    )
vuqPNsn # 2 (Q. No. 3 to 6) 

tSl k fd ge tkurs gS
ei = cos + isin and (cos1 + isin1).(cos2 + isin2) = cos(1 + 2) + i sin(1 + 2)
3
ekuk ,   R bl izdkj gS fd cos ( – ) + cos ( – ) + cos ( – ) = –
2
3.  sin (+ ) =  cos (+ ) =
(A*)0 (B)3cos cos cos (C)3 cos ( +  + ) (D)3
4. cos(2 –  –  )
5.  cos 3  =
(A)0 (B)3cos cos cos (C*)3 cos ( +  + ) (D)3
 cos 3 (    )
6. If ;fn   R then rc =
 cos(    )
Comprehension # 3(Q. No. 7 to 8)
ABCD is a rhombus. Its diagonals AC and BD intersect at the point M and satisfy BD = 2AC. Let the points
D and M represent complex numbers 1 + i and 2 – i respecetively.
If  is arbitary real, then z = rei R  r  R2 lies in annular region formed by concentric circles
| z | = R1, | z | = R2.
7. A possible representation of point A is

i i 3 3
(A*) 3 – (B) 3 + (C) 1 + i (D) 3 – i
2 2 2 2
8. If z is any point on segment DM then w = eiz lies in annular region formed by concentric circles.
1
(A) | w |min = 1, | w |max = 2 (B*) | w |min = , | w |max = e
e
1 1
(C) | w |min = , | w |max = e2 (D) | w |min = , | w |max = 1
e2 2
lfEeJ la [ ;k
vuqPNsn ¼iz'u la[ ;k 7 ls 8½
ABCD ,d leprqHkZqt gS blds fod.kZ AC o BD fcUnq M ij izfrPNsfnr djrs gS vkSj BD = 2AC. ekuk fcUnq D vkSj M
lfEeJ la[;k,a 1 + i vkSj 2 – i dks Øe'k% iznf'kZr djrs gSA
;fn LosPN okLrfod gS] rks z = reitgk¡Rr  R2 , nks ldsfnz; o`Ùkksa | z | = R1, | z | = R2 ds e/; fLFkr gSA
7. fcUnq A dk lEHko izn'kZu gS&

i i 3 3
(A*) 3 – (B) 3 + (C) 1 + i (D) 3 – i
2 2 2 2
8. ;fn z js[kk[k.M DM ij dksbZ fcUnq gS rks w = eiz ftu ladsUnzh o`Ùkksa ds e/; dk Hkkx gS os gSa&
1
(A) | w |min = 1, | w |max = 2 (B*) | w |min = , | w |max = e
e
1 1
(C) | w |min = 2 , | w |max = e2 (D) | w |min = , | w |max = 1
e 2
Comprehension # 4 (Q. No. 9 to 10)
Logarithm of a complex number is given by
loge(x + iy) = loge(|z|ei)
= loge|z| + logeei
= loge |z| + i
= loge x 2

 y 2 + i arg(z)
 loge(z) = loge|z| + i arg(z)
1  1 y 
In general loge (x + iy) = loge (x² + y²) + i  2n tan  where n  .
2  x
9. Write loge (1 + 3 i) in (a + ib) form
 
(A*) loge2 + i(2n + ) (B) loge3 + i(n + )
3 3
 
(C) loge2 + i(2n + ) (D) loge2 + i(2n – )
6 3
10. Find the real part of (1 – i)–i.
1  1 
(A) e/4 + 2n cos  2 loge 2 (B*) e–/4 + 2n cos  2 loge 2
   
1 
(C) e–/4 + 2n cos loge 2 (D) e–/2 + 2n cos  2 loge 2
 
vuqPNsn # 4
lfEeJ la[;k dk y?kqx.kd fn;k x;k gS

loge(x + iy) = loge(|z|ei)
= loge|z| + logeei
= loge |z| + i
= loge x 2

 y 2 + i arg(z)
 loge(z) = loge|z| + i arg(z)
1  1 y 
O;kid esa loge (x + iy) = loge (x² + y²) + i  2n tan  tgk¡ n  .
2  x
lfEeJ la [ ;k
9. loge (1 + 3 i) esa (a + ib) ds :i esa fy[ks
 
(A*) loge2 + i(2n + ) (B) loge3 + i(n + )
3 3
 
(C) loge2 + i(2n + ) (D) loge2 + i(2n – )
6 3
10. (1 – i)–i dk okLrfod Hkkx Kkr dhft,
1  1 
(A) e/4 + 2n cos  loge 2 (B*) e–/4 + 2n cos  loge 2
 2   2 
1 
(C) e–/4 + 2n cos loge 2 (D) e–/2 + 2n cos  2 loge 2
 
lfEeJ la [ ;k

PART - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)
Hkkx - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u

* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
* fpfUgr iz ' u ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi okys iz ' u gS -
1. The locus of z which lies in shaded region (excluding the boundaries) is best represented by
[IIT-JEE-2005, Scr, (3, –1), 84]
(A*) z : |z + 1| > 2 and |arg (z + 1)| < /4

(B) z : |z – 1| > 2 and |arg (z – 1)| < /4
(C) z : |z + 1| < 2 and |arg (z + 1)| < /2
(D) z : |z – 1| < 2 and |arg (z – 1)| < /2
z dk fcUnq iFk tks Nk;ka fdr {ks =k ¼lhekvks a jfgr½ es a fLFkr gks ] dk Js "V fu:i.k gS &
(A*) z : |z + 1| > 2 vkS j |arg (z + 1)| < /4

(B) z : |z – 1| > 2 vkS j |arg (z – 1)| < /4
(C) z : |z + 1| < 2 vkS j |arg (z + 1)| < /2
(D) z : |z – 1| < 2 vkS j |arg (z – 1)| < /2
lfEeJ la [ ;k
2. a, b, c are integers, not all simultaneously equal and  is cube root of unity (  1), then minimum value
of |a + b + c2| is [IIT-JEE-2005, Scr, (3, –1), 84)]
a, b, c iw . kkZ a d la[ ;k,¡ gS a tks fd ,d lkFk cjkcj ugha gS vkS j bdkbZ dk ?kuew y (  1) gS , rc |a + b + c2| dk
U;wure eku gksxk &
3 1
(A) 0 (B*) 1 (C) (D)
2 2
3. If one of the vertices of the square circumscribing the circle |z – 1| = 2 is 2 + 3 i. Find the other
vertices of the square. [IIT-JEE-2005, Main, (4, 0), 60]
;fn o`Ùk |z – 1| = 2 ds ifjxr fufeZr oxZ dk ,d 'kh"kZ 2 + 3 i gks] rks oxZ ds vU; 'kh"kZ Kkr dhft,A
Ans. –i 3,1– 3 + i, 1 + 3 –i
 z
4. Let  =  + i,  0 and z  1, If is purely real, then the set of values of z is
1 z
[IIT-JEE-2006, Main, (3, –1), 184]
 z
ekuk  =  + i,  0 vkSj z  1 ;fn fo'kq) okLrfod gks] rks z ds ekuksa dk leqPp; gS &
1 z
(A) {z : |z| = 1} (B) {z : z = z} (C) {z : |z|  1} (D*) {z : |z| = 1, z  1}
5. A man walks a distance of 3 units from the origin towards the north-east (N 45 º E) direction. From there, he
walks a distance of 4 units towards the north-west (N 45 º W) direction to reach a point P. Then the position
of P in the Argand plane is [IIT-JEE-2007, Paper-I, (3, – 1), 81]
,d O;fDr ewy fcUnq ls mÙkj&iwo Z (N 45 º E) fn'kk esa 3 bdkbZ nwj h pyrk gS] blds i'pkr~ mÙkj&if'pe
(N 45 º W) es a 4 bdkbZ nw j h r; djds fcUnq P ij igq ¡ prk gS rks fcUnq P dh vkxs Z . M lery es a fLFkfr gS A
(A) 3 ei/4 + 4i (B) (3 – 4i) ei/4 (C) (4 + 3i)ei/4 (D*) (3 + 4i)ei/4
z
6. If |z| = 1 and z  ± 1, then all the values of lie on [IIT-JEE-2007, Paper-II, (3, – 1), 81]
1 z2
(A) a line not passing through the origin (B) |z| = 2
(C) the x-axis (D*) the y-axis
z
;fn |z| = 1 rFkk z  ± 1, rks ds lHkh eku fLFkr gS &
1 z2
(A) ,d js [ kk tks ew y fcUnq ls ugha xq tjrhA (B) |z| = 2

(C) x-v{k (D) y-v{k
Comprehension
Let A, B, C be three sets of complex numbers as defined below
A = {z : m z  1}
B = {z : |z – 2 – i| = 3}
C = {z : Re ((1 – i) z) = 2}
ekuk A, B, C lfEeJ la[;kvksa ds rhu leqPp; gSa tks fuEu izdkj ls ifjHkkf"kr gS
A = {z : m z  1}
B = {z : |z – 2 – i| = 3}
C = {z : Re ((1 – i) z) = 2}
lfEeJ la [ ;k
7. The number of elements in the set A  B  C is [IIT-JEE-2008, Paper-I, (4, – 1), 163]
leqPp; A  B  C esa vo;oks (elements) dh la[;k fuEu gS
(A) 0 (B*) 1 (C) 2 (D) 
2 2
8. Let z be any point in A  B  C. Then, |z + 1 – i| + |z – 5 – i| lies between
[IIT-JEE-2008, Paper-I, (4, – 1), 163]
(A) 25 and 29 (B) 30 and 34 (C*) 35 and 39 (D) 40 and 44
2 2
ekuk z, A  B  C dk dksbZ ,d fcUnq gSA rc |z + 1 – i| + |z – 5 – i| fuEu ds chp fLFkr gS
(A) 25 vkSj 29 (B) 30 vkSj 34 (C*) 35 vkSj 39 (D) 40 vkSj 44
9. Let z be any point A  B  C and let w be any point satisfying |w – 2 – i| < 3. Then, |z| – |w| + 3 lies between
[IIT-JEE-2008, Paper-I, (4, – 1), 163]
(A) – 6 and 3 (B*) –3 and 6 (C*) – 6 and 6 (D*) – 3 and 9
ekuk z, A  B  C esa dksbZ ,d fcUnq gS rFkk w, |w – 2 – i| < 3 dks lUrq"V djus okyk dksbZ fcUnq gSA rc]
|z| – |w| + 3 fuEu ds chp fLFkr gS
(A) – 6 vkSj 3 (B*) –3 vkSj 6 (C) – 6 vkSj 6 (D) – 3 vkSj 9
15
2m1
10. Let z = cos  + i sin  . Then the value of  m ( z
m 1
) at  = 2º is [IIT-JEE-2009, Paper-I, (3, – 1), 80]
15
2m1
ekuk z = cos  + i sin  . rc  m ( z
m 1
) dk eku  = 2º ij fuEu gS
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D*)
sin 2º 3 sin 2º 2 sin 2º 4 sin 2º
11. Let z = x + iy be a complex number where x and y are integers. Then the area of the rectangle whose vertices
are the roots of the equation zz 3  zz 3  350 is [IIT-JEE-2009, Paper-I, (3, – 1), 80]
ekuk z = x + iy ,d ,slh lfEeJ la[;k gS ftlesa x o y iw.kkZad gSaA ml vk;r dk {ks=kQy ftlds 'kh"kZ lehdj.k
zz 3  zz 3  350 ds ewy gSa] fuEu gS
(A*) 48 (B) 32 (C) 40 (D) 80
12*. Let z1 and z2 be two distinct complex numbers and let z = (1 – t) z1 + tz2 for some real number t with
0 < t < 1. If Arg(w) denotes the principal argument of a nonzero complex number w, then
ekuk fd z1 rFkk z2 nks fHkUu lfEeJ la[;k,¡ gSa rFkk fdlh okLrfod la[;k t, tgk¡ 0 < t < 1 ] ds fy, z = (1 – t) z1 + tz2
gSaA ;fn fdlh 'kwU;srj (non-zero) lfEeJ la[;k w ds fy, Arg (w), w ds izeq[k dks.kkad dks n'kkZrk gS] rks
(A*) |z – z1| + |z – z2| = |z1 – z2| (B) Arg (z – z1) = Arg (z – z2)
z  z1 z  z1
(C*) z  z z  z = 0 (D*) Arg (z – z1) = Arg (z2 – z1)
2 1 2 1
[IIT-JEE-2010, Paper-1, (3, 0)/84]
2 2
13. Let  be the complex number cos + i sin . Then the number of distinct complex numbers z satisfying
3 3
z 1  2
 z  2 1
= 0 is equal to [IIT-JEE-2010, Paper-1, (3, 0)/84]
2 1 z
z 1  2
2 2  z  2 1
ekuk fd  = cos + i sin ,d lfEeJ la[;k gS ] rks = 0 dks larq"V djus okys okyh
3 3 2 1 z
fofHkUu lfEeJ la[;kvksa z dh la[;k gSA

Ans. 1
lfEeJ la [ ;k
14. Match the statements in Column-I with those in Column-II. [IIT-JEE-2010, Paper-2, (8, 0)/79]
[Note : Here z takes values in the complex plane and Im z and Re z denote, respectively, the imaginary part
and the real part of z.]
Column-I Column-II
4
(A) The set of points z satisfying (p) an ellipse with eccentricity
5
|z – i| z|| = |z + i|z|| is contained in
or equal to
(B) The set of points z satisfying (q) the set of points z satisfying Im z = 0
|z + 4| + |z – 4| = 10 is contained in
or equal to
1
(C) If |w| = 2, then the set of points z = w – (r) the set of point z satisfying |Im z|  1
w
is contained in or equal to
1
(D) If |w| = 1, then the set of points z = w + (s) the set of points z satisfying |Re z|  2
w
is contained in or equal to
(t) the set of points z satisfying |z|  3
Ans. (A) - (q,r), (B)-(p), (C) - (p,s,t), (D) - (q,r,s,t)

dkWye -I esa fn, x, oDrO;ksa dk dkWye -II esa fn, oDrO;ksa ls lqesy djsaA
[uks V : z lfEeJ ry esa eku ysrk gS ,oa Im z rFkk Re z Øe'k% z ds dkYifud ,oa okLrfod Hkkxksa dks n'kkZrs gSaA ]
dkWye -I dkWye -II

4
(A) |z – i| z|| = |z + i|z|| dks larq"V djus okys z (p) mRdsUnzrk okyk nh?kZo`Ùk
5
dk leqPp; vUrfoZ"V ;k cjkcj gS&
(B) |z + 4| + |z – 4| = 10 dks larq"V djus okys z (q) Im z = 0 dks larq"V djus okys lHkh z dk leqPp;
dk leqPp; vUrfoZ"V ;k cjkcj gS&
(C) ;fn |w| = 2 rks ,sls lHkh z dk leqPp; fd (r) |Im z|  1 dks larq"V djus okys lHkh z dk leqPp;
1
z=w– vUrfoZ"V ;k cjkcj gS&
w
1
(D) ;fn |w| = 1rks z = w + dks larq"V djus okys (s) |Re z|  2 dks larq"V djus okys lHkh z dk leqPp;
w
lHkh z dk leqPp; vUrfoZ"V ;k cjkcj gS&
(t) |z|  3 dks larq"V djus okys lHkh z dk leqPp;
15. If z is any complex number satisfying |z – 3 – 2i|  2, then the minimum value of |2z – 6 + 5i| is
Ans. (5)
eku yhft, fd z dksbZ lfEeJ la[;k (complex number) gS ftlds fy;s |z – 3 – 2i|  2 lR; gSA rks |2z – 6 + 5i| dk
U;wure eku gSA [IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-1, (4, 0), 80]
i
16. Let  = e 3 , and a, b, c, x, y, z be non-zero complex numbers such that
a+b+c=x
a + b + c2 = y
a + b2 + c = z.
| x |2  | y |2  | z |2
Then the value of is
| a |2  | b |2  | c |2
lfEeJ la [ ;k
i
ekuk  = e 3 , a, b, c, x, y, z 'kwU;srj (non-zero) lfEeJ (complex) la[;k,a gS ftuds fy;s
a+b+c=x
a + b + c2 = y
a + b2 + c = z. [IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-2, (4, 0), 80]
2 2 2
|x| |y| |z|
ekU; gS] rks | a |2  | b |2  | c |2 dk eku gS&
Ans. Bonus (w = ei / 3 is a typographical error, because of this the answer cannot be an integer.)
(if w = e2  / 3 then answer comes out to be 3)
i / 3
Ans. Bonus (w = e VkbZfiax =kqfV gS] vr% mÙkj iw.kk±d çkIr ugha gks ldrk)
(;fn w = e2  / 3 rc mÙkj 3 vkrk gS)
17. Let z be a complex number such that the imaginary part of z is non zero and a = z2 + z + 1 is real. Then a
cannot take the value [IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-1, (3, –1), 70]
ekuk fd z ,d lfEeJ la[;k gS ftldk dkYifud Hkkx 'kwU; ugha gS vkSj a = z2 + z + 1 okLrfod gSA rc og eku tks
a ugha ys ldrk] fuEu gS
1 1 3
(A) –1 (B) (C) (D*)
3 2 4
1
18. Let complex numbers  and lies on circles (x – x0)2 + (y – y0)2 = r2 and (x – x0)2 + (y – y0)2 = 4r2,

respectively. If z0 = x0 + iy0 satisfies the equation 2|z0|2 = r2 + 2, then || =
1
ekukfd lfEeJ la[;k,a  rFkk  Øe'k% o`Ùk (x – x0)2 + (y – y0)2 = r2 rFkk (x – x0)2 + (y – y0)2 = 4r2 ij fLFkr gSA
;fn z0 = x0 + iy0 lehdj.k 2|z0|2 = r2 + 2 dks larq"V djrk gS] rc || = [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (2, 0)/
60]
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 7 3
3 i  1  1
19.* Let w = and P = {wn : n = 1,2,3,....}. Further H1 =  z  C : Re z  2  and H2 =  z  C : Re z  – 2  ,
2    
where C is the set of all complex numbers. If z1  P  H1, z2  P  H2 and O represents the origin, then
z1O z2 = [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
3 i  1
ekukfd w = rFkk P = {wn : n = 1,2,3,....}. blds vfrfjDr H 1 = z  C : Re z  2  rFkk
2  
 1
H2 = z  C : Re z  –  , tgk¡ C lfEeJ la[;kvksa dk leqPp; gSA ;fn z1  P  H1, z2  P  H2 rFkk O ewyfcUnq
 2
iznf'kZr djrk gS] rc z1O z2 = [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
  2 5
(A) (B) (C*) (D*)
2 6 3 6
lfEeJ la [ ;k
20.* Let  be a complex cube root of unity with   1 and P = [pij] be a n × n matrix with pij =  i +j
. Then
P2  0, when n = [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
bdkbZ dk ,d lfEeJ ?kuewy  yhft,] tgk¡   1 rFkk P = [pij] ,d n × n vkO;wg yhft,] tgk¡ pij =  i +j
rc
P2  0, tc n = [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
(A) 57 (B*) 55 (C*) 58 (D*) 56
Paragraph for Question Nos. 21 to 22
iz'u 21 ls 22 ds fy, vuqPNsn
Let S = S1  S2 S3, where
  z – 1 3 i  
S1 = {z C : |z| < 4}, S 2 =  z  C : m    0  and
  1 – 3 i  
S3 : {z C : Re z > 0}.
ekuk fd S = S1  S2 S3, tgk¡

  z – 1 3 i  
S1 = {z C : |z| < 4}, S 2 =  z  C : m   0  rFkk
  1 – 3 i  
S3 : {z C : Re z > 0}.
21. Area of S =
S dk {ks=kQy = [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
10 20 16 32
(A) (B*) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3
22. min | 1 – 3i – z | = [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
zS
2– 3 2 3 3– 3 3 3
(A) (B) (C*) (D)
2 2 2 2
2k    2k 
23. Let zk = cos    i sin   ; k  1, 2,... 9 . [JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
 10   10 
List I List II
P. For each zk there exists a z j such that z k. zj = 1 1. True
Q. There exists a k  {1,2,....,9} such that z 1. . z = zk has 2. False

no solution z in the set of complex numbers.
| 1 – z1 || 1 – z 2 | ..... | 1 – z 9 |
R. equals 3. 1
10
9
 2k 
S. 1–  cos 10  equals
k 1
4. 2
lfEeJ la [ ;k
   2k 
 2k
ekukfd zk = cos  10   i sin  10  ; k  1, 2,...9 . [JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
   
lw p h -I lw p h -II
P. çR;sd zk ds fy, ,d ,sl k zj gS ftlds fy;s zk. zj = 1 1. lR;
Q. {1,2,....,9} es a ,d ,s l k k gS fd z1. . z = zk dk dks bZ gy 2. vlR;

z lfEeJ la[ ;kvks a (complex numbers) es a ugha gS
| 1 – z1 || 1 – z 2 | ..... | 1 – z 9 |
R. dk eku gS& 3. 1
10
9
 2k 
S. 1–  cos 10  dk eku gS&
k 1
4. 2
P Q R S
(A) 1 2 4 3
(B) 2 1 3 4
(C*) 1 2 3 4
(D) 2 1 4 3
Ans. (C)
 k   k 
24. For any integer k, let k = cos   + i sin   , where i = – 1 . The value of the expression
 7   7 
12

k 1
k 1 – k
3
is [JEE (Advanced) 2015, P-2 (4, 0) / 80]

k 1
4k –1 –  4k – 2
 k   k 
fdlh Hkh iw.kk±d k ds fy, k = cos  7  + i sin  7  , tgk¡ i = –1 gSA rc O;atd
   
12

k 1
k 1 – k
3
dk eku gS [JEE (Advanced) 2015, P-2 (4, 0) / 80]

k 1
4k –1 –  4k – 2
Ans. 4
(–z)r z2s 
–1  3 i
25. Let z = , where i = –1 and r, s  {1,2,3}. Let P =  z2s  and  be the identity matrix of
zr 
2 
order 2. Then the total number of ordered pairs (r, s) for which P2 = –  is
[JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-1, (3, 0)/62]
lfEeJ la [ ;k
(–z)r z2s 
–1  3 i
ekuk fd z = , tgk¡ i = –1 vkSj r, s  {1,2,3} gSA ekuk fd P =  2s  vkSj  nks dksfV
2  z zr 
(order 2) dk lRled vkO;wg (identity matrix) gSA rc os lHkh Øfer ;qXe (ordered pairs) (r, s), ftuds fy,
P2 = –  gS] dh dqy la[;k gS&
Ans. 1
 1 
26. Let a, b Rand a2 + b2 0. Suppose S = z  R : z  ,t  R,t  0  , where i = –1 .
 a  ibt 
If z = x + iy and z S then (x, y) lies on [JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-2, (4, –2)/62]
1  1 
(A) the circle with radius and centre  ,0  for a > 0 , b  0
2a  2a 
1  1 
(B) the circle with radius – and centre  – 2a ,0  for a < 0, b  0
2a  
(C) the x-axis for a 0, b = 0
(D) the y-axis for a = 0, b  0
 1 
ekuk fd a, b R vkSj a2 + b2 0 gSA eku yhft, fd S = z  R : z  a  ibt ,t  R,t  0  , tgk¡ i = –1 .
 
;fn z = x + iy vkSj z S gS rc (x, y)
1  1 
(A) ml o‘Ùk ij gS ftldh f=kT;k vkSj dsanz fcUnq  2a ,0  gS tc a > 0 , b  0
2a  
1  1 
(B) ml o‘Ùk ij gS ftldh f=kT;k  vkSj dsanz fcUnq   2a ,0 gS tc a < 0 , b  0
2a
(C) x- v{k ij gS tc a 0, b = 0
(D) y- v{k ij gS tc a = 0, b  0
Ans. (A,C,D)
27. Let a, b, x and y be real numbers such that a – b = 1 and y  0. If the complex number z = x + iy satisfies
 az  b 
Im   = y, then which of the following is(are) possible value(s) of x ?
 z 1 
[JEE(Advanced) 2017, Paper-1,(4, –2)/61]
Ekkuk fd a, b, x vkSj y bl izdkj dh okLrfod la[;k;sa (real numbers) gSa fd a – b = 1 vkj y  0 gSA ;fn lfEeJ la[;k
 az  b 
(complex number) z = x + iy, Im   = y dks lUr”V djrh gS] rc fuEu esa ls dkSulk¼ls½ x dk¼ds½ lEHkkfor eku
 z 1 
gS¼gSa½ ?
(A) 1 – 1 y 2 (B) – 1– 1 – y 2 (C) 1 + 1 y 2 (D) – 1 + 1– y2
Ans. (B,D)
lfEeJ la [ ;k
PART - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)
Hkkx - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u

1. If the cube roots of unity are 1,,2, then the roots of the equation (x – 1)3 + 8 = 0, are :
[AIEEE 2005, (1½, 0), 225]
2 3
;fn bdkbZ ds ?kuewy 1,, gS rks lehdj.k (x – 1) + 8 = 0 ds ewy gS&
(1) – 1, 1 + 2, 1 + 22. (2*) – 1, 1 – 2, 1 – 22.
(3) – 1, – 1, – 1. (4) –1, –1 + 2, – 1 –22.
2. If z1 and z2 are two non-zero complex numbers such that |z1 + z2| = |z1| + |z2|, then arg z1 – arg z2 is equal
to: [AIEEE 2005, (3, 0), 225]
;fn z1 rFkk z2 nks v'kwU; lfEeJ la[;k,a bl izdkj gS fd |z1 + z2| = |z1| + |z2|, rks dks.kkad z1 – dks.kkad z2 cjkcj gS&
 
(1) – (2*) 0 (3) –  (4) .
2 2
z
3. If w = and |w| = 1, then z lies on : [AIEEE 2005, (3, 0), 225]
1
z– i
3
(1) a parabola (2*) a straight line (3) a circle (4) an ellipse.
z
;fn w = vkSj |w| = 1, rks z fLFkr gS&
1
z– i
3
(1) ijoy; ij (2*) ljy js[kk ij (3) o`Ùk ij (4) nh?kZo`Ùk ij
10
 2k 2k 
4. The value of   sin 11  i cos 11  is : [AIEEE 2006, (3, -1), 120]
k 1
10
 2k 2k 
  sin 11  i cos 11  dk eku gS&
k 1
(1) 1 (2) – 1 (3*) – i (4) i
5. If z2 + z + 1 = 0, where z is complex number, then the value of [AIEEE 2006, (3, –1), 120]
2 2 2 2
 1  2 1   1   1 
 z   +  z  2  +  z 3   +.......+  z 6   is :
 z   z   z3   z6 
;fn z2 + z + 1 = 0, tgka z ,d lfEeJ la[;k gS] rks
2 2 2 2
 1  2 1   3 1   6 1 
 z   +  z  2  +  z  3  +.......+  z  6  dk eku gS&
 z  z   z   z 
(1) 54 (2) 6 (3*) 12 (4) 18
6. If |z + 4|  3, then the maximum value of |z + 1| is [AIEEE 2007, (3, –1), 120]

;fn |z + 4|  3, rks |z + 1| dk egÙke eku gS&
(1) 4 (2) 10 (3*) 6 (4) 0
lfEeJ la [ ;k
1
7. The conjugate of a complex number is . Then, that complex number is-[AIEEE 2008, (3, –1), 105]
i–1
1
fdlh lfEeJ la[;k dk la;qXeh gS rks og lfEeJ la[;k gksxh &
i–1
1 1 1 1
(1) – (2) (3*) – (4)
i–1 i1 i1 i–1
4
8. If z  = 2, then the maximum value of |z| is equal to : [AIEEE 2009, (4, –1), 144]
z
4
;fn z  z = 2, rc |z| dk vf/kdre eku cjkcj gS %
(1*) 5  1 (2) 2 (3) 2  2 (4) 3  1
9. If  and  are the roots of the equation x2 – x + 1 = 0, then 2009 + 2009 = [AIEEE 2010, (4, –1), 144]
;fn  ,  lehdj.k x2 – x + 1 = 0 ds ewy gS] rks 2009 + 2009 cjkcj gS&
(1) – 1 (2*) 1 (3) 2 (4) –2
10. The number of complex numbers z such that | z – 1| = | z + 1| = |z – i| equals [AIEEE 2010, (4, –1), 120]
| z – 1| = | z + 1| = |z – i| dks larq"V djus okyh lfEeJ la[;kvksa z dh la[;k gS&
(1*) 1 (2) 2 (3)  (4) 0
Ans. (1)
11. If (1) is a cube root of unity, and (1 + )7 = A + B . Then (A, B) equals [AIEEE 2011, I, (4, –1), 120]
;fn (1) bdkbZ dk ,d ?ku ewy gS rFkk (1 + )7 = A + B gS] rks (A, B) cjkcj gS %
(1) (0, 1) (2*) (1, 1) (3) (1, 0) (4) (–1, 1)
12. Let , be real and z be a complex number. If z2 + z +  = 0 has two distinct roots on the line Re z = 1, then
it is necessary that : [AIEEE- 2011, I, (4, –1), 120]
ekuk , okLrfod gSa rFkk z,d lfEeJ la[;k gSA ;fn z2 + z +  = 0 ds js[kk Re z = 1 ij nks fofHkUu ewy gSa] rks ;g
vfuok;Z gS fd :
(1)   (0, 1) (2)  (–1, 0) (3) || = 1 (4*)   (1, )
 1 z 
13. If z is a complex number of unit modulus and argument , then arg   equals :
 1 z 
 1 z 
;fn z ,d ,slh lfEeJ la[;k gS ftldk ekikad ,d bdkbZ gS rFkk dks.kkad gS] rks dks.kkad  1  z  cjkcj gS :
 

(1) – (2)  (3*)  (4) – 
2
[AIEEE - 2013, (4, –¼), 120]
1
14. If z a complex number such that |z|  2, then the minimum value of z  :
2
(1) is strictly greater than 5/2 [JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – ¼), 120]
(2) is strictly greater than 3/2 but less than 5/2
(3) is equal to 5/2
(4*) lie in the interval (1, 2)
lfEeJ la [ ;k
1
;fn z ,d ,slh lfEeJ la[;k gS fd |z|  2 gS] rks z  2 dk U;wure eku gSµ
(1) 5/2 ls fujUrj cM+k gS [JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – ¼), 120]
(2) 3/2 ls fujUrj cM+k gS ijUrq 5/2 ls de gS
(3) 5/2 ds cjkcj gS
(4) varjky (1, 2) esa fLFkr gS
15. A complex number z is said to be unimodular if |z| = 1. Suppose z1 and z2 are complex numbers such that
z1 – 2z2
2 – z1z2
is unimodular and z2 is not unimodular. Then the point z1 lies on a :
[JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – ¼), 120]

(1) straight line parallel to x-axis (2) straight line parallel to y-axis
(3) circle of radius 2 (4) circle of radius 2
z1 – 2z2
,d lfEeJ la[;k z ,dekikadh dgykrh gS ;fn |z| = 1 gSA ekuk z1 rFkk z2 ,slh lfEEkJ la[;k,¡ gSa fd 2 – z z ,dekikadh
1 2
gS rFkk z2 ,dekikadh ugh gSa] rks fcUnq z1 fLFkr gS : [JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – ¼), 120]
(1) x-v{k ds lekarj ,d js[kk ijA (2) y-v{k ds lekarj ,d js[kk ijA
(3) 2 f=kT;k okys o`Ùk ijA (4) 2 f=kT;k okys o`Ùk ijA
Ans. (3)
2  3i sin 
16. A value of  for which is purely imaginary, is : [JEE(Main) 2016, (4, – 1), 120]
1– 2i sin 
2  3i sin 
dk og ,d eku ftlds fy, iw.kZr% dkYifud gS] gS %
1– 2i sin 
  3  1  
(1) (2) sin–1  4  (3*) sin–1   (4)
6    3 3
1 1 1
1 – 2  1 2
17. Let  be a complex number such that 2 + 1 = z where z = –3 . If = 3k, then k is equal to
1 2 7
:
1 1 1
1 – 2  1 2
ekuk  ,d lfEeJ la[;k ,slh gS fd 2 + 1 = z tgk¡ z = –3 gSA ;fn = 3k gS
1 2 7
rks k cjkcj gS: [JEE(Main) 2017, (4, – 1), 120]

(1) –z (2) z (3) –1 (4) 1
Ans. (1)
lfEeJ la [ ;k
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
fo"k;kRed iz 'u ¼SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS½
1. If the equation z4 + a1z3 + a2z2 + a3z + a4 = 0 where a1, a2, a3, a4 are real coefficient different from zero, has a
a3 a1a 4
purely imaginary root, then find the value of a a  a a
1 2 2 3
;fn lehdj.k z4 + a1z3 + a2z2 + a3z + a4 = 0 tgk¡ a1, a2, a3, a4 ‘'kwU; ls fofHkUu okLrfod xq.kkad gS] fo'kq) dkYifud
3a 1 4 aa
ewy gS rc a a  a a dk eku Kkr dhft,A
1 2 2 3
Ans. 1
2. If |z1| = 2, |z2| = 3, |z3| = 4 and |2z1 + 3z2 + 4z3| = 4, then find the value of |8z 2z3 + 27z3z1 + 64z1z2|
;fn |z1| = 2, |z2| = 3, |z3| = 4 rFkk |2z1 + 3z2 + 4z3| = 4 gSa, rks 8z2z3 + 27z3z1 + 64z1z2 dk fujis{k eku gS–
Ans. 96
3. If | z |2  A z 2  A z 2  B z  B z  c  0 represents a pair of intersecting lines with angle of
intersection ‘  ’ then find the value of |A|
;fn | z |2  A z 2  A z 2  B z  B z  c  0 izfrPNsnh js[kk;qXe dks iznf'kZr djrk gS ftuds e/; dks.k ‘  ’ gS] rks |A|
dk eku gS&
sec 
Ans.
2
4. If z 2  z    0 ( , are complex numbers) has a real root then prove that
             2
;fn z 2  z    0 ( , lfEeJ la[;k,a gS) dk ,d okLrfod ewy gS rks fl) dhft,
             2
5. If z1, z2, z3 be three complex number such that
z12 z2 z2
|z1| = |z2| = |z3| = 1 and  2  3 +1=0
z 2 z 3 z1z 3 z1z 2
then sum of all the possible values of |z1 + z2 + z3|
;fn z1, z2, z3 rhu lfEeJ la[ ;k,a bl izdkj gS fd
z12 z 22 z 23
|z1| = |z2| = |z3| = 1 vkS j   +1=0
z 2 z 3 z1z 3 z1z 2
rc |z1 + z2 + z3| ds lHkh laHkkfor ekuksa dk ;ksxQy gS&
Ans. 3
1
6. Number of complex number (z) satisfying |z|2 = |z|n –2z2 + |z|n –2z + 1 such that Re(z)  – .
2
Toll Free : 1800 258 5555 | CIN: U80302RJ2007PTC024029 ADVCN - 62
lfEeJ la [ ;k
1
lfEeJ la[ ;k (z) dh la[ ;k Kkr dhft, tks |z|2 = |z|n –2z2 + |z|n –2z + 1 larq"B djrh gS tgk¡ Re(z)  – .
2
Ans. 1
7. Let z1 & z2 be any two arbitrary complex numbers then prove that
;fn z1 o z2 dksbZ nks LosPN lfEeJ la[ ;k,¡ gks] rks fl) dhft, fd
z1 z2 1 z1 z
(i) |z1 + z2| = | z | | z 2 |  | z | | z1 | (ii) z1 + z2  z 1  z2   2 .
1 2 2 z1 z2
8. Prove that
z
(i)  1  | arg z|. (ii) |z – 1|  ||z| – 1| + |z| |arg z|.
|z|
fl) dhft, fd &
z
(i)  1  |dks . kka d z|. (ii) |z – 1|  ||z| – 1| + |z| | dks . kka d z|.
|z|
9. Prove that fl) dhft,

|Img(zn)|  n |Img (z)||z|n –1 , nI
10. If z  1  z  3  8 then find the range of values of z  4 .
;fn z  1  z  3  8 rks z  4 ds ekuksa dk ifjlj Kkr dhft,A

Ans. [0, 9]
11. Show that all the roots of the equation a1z3 + a2z2 + a3z + a4 = 3, where |ai|  1, i = 1, 2, 3, 4 lie outside
the circle with centre origin and radius 2/3.
iznf'kZr dhft, fd lehdj.k a1z3 + a2z2 + a3z + a4 = 3 ds lHkh ewy tgk¡ |ai|  1, i = 1, 2, 3, 4 ml o`Ùk ds ckgj fLFkr
gS] ftldk dsUnz ewyfcUnq rFkk f=kT;k 2/3 gSA
12. Consider the locus of the complex number z in the Argand plane is given by Re(z) –2 = |z – 7 + 2i|. Let P(z1)
and Q (z2) be two complex number satisfying the given locus and also satisfying
 z - (2 + i)  
arg  1  = (  R) then find the minimum value of PQ
 z 2 - (2 + i)  2
ekuk vkxZ.M lery ij fdlh lfEeJ la[;k z dk fcUnqiFk Re(z) –2 = |z – 7 + 2i| }kjk fn;k tkrk gSA ekuk P(z1) ,oa
 z - (2 + i)  
Q (z2) bl fcUnqiFk dks larq"V djus okyh nks la[;k,a gS rFkk arg  1  = (  R) dks Hkh larq"V djrh gS rks PQ
 z 2 - (2 + i)  2
dk U;wure eku gksxk&
Ans. 10
z  z1
13. Find the mirror image of the curve z  z = a, a  R+ a  1 about the line |z – z1| = |z – z2|.
2
z  z2
Ans. z  z1 = a
z  z1
oØ z  z = a, a  R+ a  1 dk js[kk |z – z1| = |z – z2| ds lkis{k niZ.k izfrfcEc Kkr dhft,A
2
lfEeJ la [ ;k
 z1 
14. Let z1 and z2 are the two compelx numbers satisfying |z – 3 – 4i| = 3. Such that Arg  z  is maximum
 2
then find the value of |z1 – z2|.
z1  
ekuk z1 vkSj z2 nks lfEeJ la[;k,a gS tks |z – 3 – 4i| = 3 dks lUrq"V djrh gS rFkk Arg  z  vf/kdre gS rks |z1 – z2| dk
 2 
eku Kkr dhft,A
24
Ans.
5
 z1  
15. If z1 and z2 are the two complex numbers satisfying |z – 3 – 4i| = 8 and Arg z   2 then find the
 2
range of the values of |z1 – z2|.
 z1  
;fn z1 rFkk z2 nks lfEeJ la[;k,a gS tks |z – 3 – 4i| = 8 dks lUrq"V djrh rFkk Arg   rks |z1 – z2| dk
 z2  2
ifjlj Kkr dhft,A
Ans.  103 – 5, 103  5 
 
16. If |z – z1| = |z1| and |z – z2| = |z2| be the two circles and the two circles touch each other then prove that
 z1 
Img  z  = 0
 2
;fn oØ |z – z1| = |z1| rFkk |z – z2| = |z2| nks o`Ùk gS rFkk nksuksa o`Ùk ,d nwl js dks Li'kZ djrs gS] rks fl) fdft,
 z1 
Img  z  = 0
 2
p q r
17. If q r p = 0; where p, q, r are the modulus of non-zero complex numbers u, v, w respectively, prove
r p q
2
w  w u
that, arg = arg   .
v  v u 
p q r
;fn q r p = 0, t g k ¡ v ' k w U ; l f E eJ l a [ ; k v k s u, v, w d s e k a ik d Ø e ' k % p, q, r g S A
r p q
2
w  w u
fl) dhft, fd dks. kkad = dks .kka d   .
v  v u 
lfEeJ la [ ;k
 z 2  iz 1 
18. If |z2 + iz1| = |z1| + |z2| and |z1| = 3 & |z2| = 4, if affix of A, B, C are z1, z2,   respectively. Then find the
 1 i 
area of ABC
2 1  z  iz 
;fn |z2 + iz1| = |z1| + |z2| vkSj |z1| = 3 & |z2| = 4, rc A, B, C ds 'kh"kZ Øe'k% z1, z2 vkSj  1  i  gS rks ABC dk
 
{ks=kQy Kkr dhft,A
25
Ans.
4
 z  1  2i  
19. Find the radius and the centre of the circle which follows Arg 
 z3i  3
  z  1  2i 
ml o`Ùk dh f=kT;k ,oa dsUnz Kkr dhft, tks Arg z  3  i   3 ls izkIr gksrk gSA
 
 3 1 2 
Ans.  1   i   & r = 5
2 2 
  3  3
20. Find the locus of mid-point of line segment intercepted between real and imaginary axes, by the line
a z  a z  b  0 , where ‘b’ is real parameter and ‘a’ is a fixed complex number such that Re(a)  0,
m(a)  0.
js[kk az  a z  b  0 }kjk okLrfod ,oa dkYifud v{kksa ds e/; dVs gq, Hkkx ds e/; fcUnq dk fcUnqiFk Kkr dhft;sA
tgka ‘b’ ,d okLrfod izkpy gS vkSj ‘a’ ,d fu;r lfEeJ la[ ;k bl izdkj gS fd Re(a)  0,m(a)  0.
Ans. a z  az  0
21. Given z1 + z2 + z3 = A, z1 + z2  + z3 2 = B, z1 + z2 2 + z3  = C, where  is cube root of unity,

(a) express z1, z2, z3 in terms of A, B, C.
2 2 2 2 2 2
(b) prove that, A + B + C = 3  z1  z2  z 3  .
(c) prove that A3 + B3 + C3 – 3ABC = 27z1 z2 z3
fn;k x;k gS z1 + z2 + z3 = A, z1 + z2  + z3 2 = B, z1 + z2 2 + z3  = C, tgk¡  bdkbZ dk ?kuewy gS] rks
(a) z1, z2, z3 dks A, B, C ds inksa esa O;Dr dhft,A
2 2 2
(b) fl) dhft, , A + B + C = 3  z1 2  z 2 2  z 3 2  .
 
(c) fl) dhft,] A3 + B3 + C3 – 3ABC = 27z1 z2 z3
ABC A  B 2  C  A  B  C  2
Ans. (a) z1 = , z2 = , z3 =
3 3 3
lfEeJ la [ ;k
n 1
22. If w  1 is nth root of unity, then find the value of |z 1  w k z 2 |2
k 0
n 1
;fn w  1 bdkbZ dk noka ewy gS] rks |z 1  w k z 2 |2 dk eku Kkr dhft,A
k 0
Ans. n(|z1|2 + |z2|2
a b c
23. Let a, b, c be distinct complex numbers such that = = = k, (a, b, c  1). Find the
1 b 1 c 1 a
value of k.
a b c
ekukfd a, b, c fofHkUu lfEeJ la[;k,sa bl izdkj gS fd = = = k, (a, b, c  1).
1 b 1 c 1 a
rc k dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. –  or (;k) – 2
20
2i k
24. If  = e 7 and f(x) = A0 + A x
k 1
k , then find the value of,
f(x) + f(x) + ..... + f(6x) independent of .

20
2 i k
;fn  = e 7
rFkk f(x) = A0 + A x
k 1
k , rks f(x) + f(x) + ..... + f(6x), dk  ls Lora=k eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 7 A0 + 7A7 x7 + 7A14x14
2 2
25. Given, z = cos + i sin , ‘n’ a positive integer, find the equation whose roots are,
2n  1 2n  1
 = z + z3 + ...... + z2n – 1 and  = z2 + z4 + ..... + z2n.
2 2
fn;k x;k gS, z = cos + i sin , ‘n’ /kukRed iw.kkZad gS] rks lehdj.k Kkr dhft,] ftlds ewy
2n  1 2n  1
 = z + z3 + ...... + z2n – 1 rFkk  = z2 + z4 + ..... + z2n gSA
sin 2 n 2
Ans. z2 + z + 2 = 0, where  =
sin  2n  1
 2   4   6   2n  1
26. Prove that cos   + cos   + cos   +..... + cos   =  When tc n  N.
 2 n  1  2 n  1  2 n  1  2 n  1 2
       2n 
çnf'kZr dhft, fd cos  2   + cos  4   + cos  6   +..... + cos  1
 =  tc n  N.
 2 n  1  2 n  1  2 n  1  2 n  1 2
27. If Z r , r = 1, 2, 3, ......, 2m, m  N are the roots of the equation

2m
1
Z 2m + Z 2m–1 + Z 2m–2 + ....... + Z + 1 = 0, then prove that 
r 1
Zr  1
=–m
2m 2m–1 2m–2
;fn lehdj.k Z + Z + Z + ....... + Z + 1 = 0 ds ewy Z i , r = 1, 2, 3, ......, 2m, m  N gSa] rks
2m
1
fl) dhft, fd 
r 1
Zr  1
=–m
lfEeJ la [ ;k
28. The points represented by the complex numbers a, b, c lie on a circle with centre O and radius r. The
a 1  b 1  2c 1
tangent at c cuts the chord joining the points a, b at z. Show that z =
a 1b 1  c 2
lfEeJ la[;kvksa a, b, c }kjk fu:fir fcUnq] o`Ùk ftldk dsUnz O rFkk f=kT;k r gS] ij fLFkr gSA fcUnq c ij [khaph xbZ Li'kZ
a 1  b 1  2c 1
js[kk fcUnqvksa a, b dks feykus okyh thok dks z ij dkVrh gS] rks iznf'kZr dhft, z =
a 1b 1  c 2
29. Show that for the given complex numbers z1 and z2 and for a real constant c the equation
(z1  z 2 )z  ( z1  z 2 )z  c  0
represents a family of concurrent lines and and also find the fixed point of the family.
(where  is a real parameter)
n'kkZb;s fd nh x;h lfEeJ la[;kvksa z1 vkSj z2 vkSj ,d okLrfod fu;rkad c ds fy, ,d laxkeh js[kkvksa ds fudk; dks lehdj.k
(z1  z 2 )z  ( z1  z 2 )z  c  0
fu:fir djrk gS rFkk bl fudk; ds laxkeh fcUnq dks Kkr dhft,A (tgk¡  okLrfod izkapy gS)
cz2
Ans. z
z1z2  z2 z1

Resonance Complex Numbers Module PDF

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Resonance Complex Numbers Module PDF

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Complex Numbers

The complex number system

(c) i = 1 is called the imaginary unit.

(d) a b = a b only if atleast one of a or b is non - negative.

(e) If z = a + ib, then a – ib is called complex conjugate of z and written as z = a – ib

Self Practice Problems

(1) Write the following as complex number

(i)  16 (ii) x , (x > 0) (iii) –b +  4ac , (a, c> 0)

(2) Write the following as complex number

(i) x (x < 0) (ii) roots of x 2 – (2 cos) x + 1 = 0

Answers : (1) (i) 0 + 4i (ii) x + 0i (iii) –b + i 4ac

(2) (i) 0+i x (ii) cos  + i sin  , cos  – i sin 

a  bi a  bi c  di ac  adi  bci  bdi 2

In real numbers if a2 + b2 = 0 then a = 0 = b however in complex numbers,

Example # 1 : Find the multiplicative inverse of 4 + 3i .

Self Practice Problem :

(3) Simplify i n + i n+1 + i n+2 + i n+3 , n  .

Equality In Complex Number :

Example # 2 : Find the value of x and y for which

Example # 3 : Find the value of expression x 4 + 4x 3 + 5x 2 + 2x + 3, when x = – 1 + i.

(4) Solve for z : z = i z2

Representation of a complex number :

(a) Cartesian Form (Geometric Representation) :

Agrument of a Complex Number :

(i) a > 0, b > 0 p.v. arg z = 

(iii) a < 0, b > 0 p.v. arg z =  – 

(iv) a < 0, b = 0 p.v. arg z = 

(v) a < 0, b < 0 p.v. arg z = – ( – )

(vii) a > 0, b < 0 p.v. arg z = – 

(viii) a > 0, b = 0 p.v. arg z = 0

Example # 5 : Solve for z if ( z )2 + 2|z| = 0.

Self Practice Problems

Self practice problems :

Geometrical Representation of Fundamental Operations :

(iv) Geometrical representation of multiplication of complex numbers.

LÔR = LÔP + PÔQ + QÔR = 1 + 2 – 1 + 1 = 1 + 2

(vi) Geometrical representation of the division of complex numbers.

and LÔR = LÔP – RÔP = 1 – 2

Geometrical representation of conjugate of complex number.

Example # 9 : Find the minimum value of |z| + |z – 2|

Example # 10 : If i  [/6, /3], i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and

Self Practice Problem

(ii) arg (z – z1) =  represents points (z1) on ray eminating

Example # 13 : Sketch the region given by

Answers : (15) (i) (ii)

Cube Root of Unity :

(i) The cube roots of unity are 1,  1  i 3 ,  1  i 3 .

Example # 16 : Find the value of 200 + 198 + 193.

Example # 17 If W is an imaginary cube root of unity then find the value of

(23) If x = a + b, y = a + b , z = a + b where ,  are imaginary cube roots of unity show that

If 1, 1, 2, 3..... n  1 are the n, nth root of unity then :

(i) They are in G.P. with common ratio ei(2/n)

(iv) 1. 1. 2. 3......... n  1 = 1 or 1 according as n is odd or even.

The Sum Of The Following Series Should Be Remembered :

Logarithm Of A Complex Quantity :

(28) Find the real part of cos (1 + i)

(iv) Circumcentre of the  ABC = :

(ii) Pair of ray if  = 0 (iii) a part of circle, if 0 <  < 

Match the following columns :

(iii) if | z – 8 – 2i | + | z – 5 – 6i | = 5 (iii) Ellipse

then locus of z represents .......

(v) If | z – 1 | + | z + i | = 10 (v) Major Arc

(vi) |z–3+i|–|z+2–i|=1 (vi) Minor arc