1.

What are the significant designing issues/factors taken into consideration for
RISC Processors? 

a. Simplicity in Instruction Set

b. Pipeline Instruction Optimization
c. Register Usage Optimization
d. All of the above

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: d. All of the above 

2. What does the compact and uniform nature of instructions in RISC processors
facilitate to? 

a. compiler optimization
b. pipelining
c. large memory footprints
d. none of the above 

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: b. pipelining 

3. Which processor has the necessity of manual optimization for the generation
of assembly language code especially for the embedded systems?

a. RISC 
b. CISC
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: b. CISC 

4. Which register of current procedure resemble physically similar to the

parameter register of called procedure during register to register operation in an
overlapping window of RISC Processors?

a. Local Register
b. Temporary Register
c. Parameter Register
d. All of the above

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: b. Temporary Register

1. Which architectural scheme has a provision of two sets for address & data
buses between CPU and memory?

a. Harvard architecture 
b. Von-Neumann architecture
c. Princeton architecture 
d. All of the above

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: a. Harvard architecture 

2. Which factors/parameters contribute to an effective utilization or adoption of

Harvard architecture by most of the DSPs for streaming data?

a. Greater memory bandwidth

b. Predictable nature of bandwidth
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: c. Both a & b 

3. Which kind of multiplexing scheme is adopted by Von-Newman architecture

especially for program and data fetching purposes?

a. Time Division Multiplexing

b. Frequency Division Multiplexing
c. Statistical Time Division Multiplexing
d. Code Division Multiplexing

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: a. Time Division Multiplexing 

4. Which feature deals with the fetching of next instruction during the execution
of current instruction irrespective of the memory access? 

a. Fetching
b. Pre-fetching 
c. Fetch & Decoding
d. All of the above

View Answer / Hide Answer

ANSWER: b. Pre-fetching

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Boolean Functions”.

1. Boolean Function is of the form of ________

a) Truth values
b) K=f(X,Y,X)
c) Algebraic Expression
d) Truth Table
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The boolean function is of the form of algebraic expressions or truth table. A boolean
function is of the form as that of option 2. The result obtained from a boolean function can be a truth
value or a fallacy.
2. The result of X+X.Y is X.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: This is a boolean expression. It can be evaluated as :
X+X.Y = X(1+Y) = X.
Since 1+Y=1 by boolean laws.
3. In the boolean function w=f(X,Y,Z), what is the RHS referred to as ________
a) right hand side
b) expression
c) literals
d) boolean
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The RHS is commonly referred to as the expression. The symbols X, Y and Z are
commonly referred to as the literals of the function.
4. The general form for calculating the number of rows in a truth table is ________
a) 2n
b) 2n+1
c) 2n
d) 2n+1
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The general form for the calculation of rows in a truth table is 2n . Here, n= number of
literals in the function.
5. The number of literals in the expression F=X.Y’ + Z are _____________
a) 4
b) 3
c) 2
d) 1
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Literals the generally the number of variables used in any boolean expression. Here,
since there are 3 variables X, Y and Z, therefore the answer is 3.
6. The complement term for X’.Y’.Z + X.Y will be _____________
a) XYZ’+X’Y’
b) (X+Y+Z’)(X’+Y’)
c) (X+Y+Z’)(X’+Y)
d) (X+Y+Z’)(X’+Y)
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The OR and AND operators are interchanged. The complement terms are reduced to
normal terms and the result is obtained.
7. What is the complement of X’Y’Z?
a) X+YZ
b) X’+Y+’Z’
c) X+Y+Z’
d) XYZ’
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The complement is obtained by converting the complement terms to normal terms and
vice versa. Also, the OR and AND operators are interchanged. Here, X’Y’Z gets converted to
X+Y+Z’.
8. The minterm of any expression is denoted by ___________
a) Mt
b) m
c) M
d) min
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The variables forming an AND term is generally the minterm. It is denoted by m. (lower
case letter).
9. The min term when X=Y=Z=0 is _____________
a) x’+y’+z’
b) xyz
c) x’y’z’
d) x+y+z
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: There minterm expression is obtained using the AND term. Here, when X=Y=Z=0, the
expression obtained is x’y’z’.
10. The max term when X=Y=Z=1 is ________
a) x’+y’+z’
b) xyz
c) x’y’z’
d) x+y+z
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The max term consists of variables forming an OR term. Here, when X=Y=Z=1, the
expression is x’+y’+z’.
This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Logic Gates”.

1. Electronic circuits that operate on one or more input signals to produce standard output _______
a) Series circuits
b) Parallel Circuits
c) Logic Signals
d) Logic Gates
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The logic gates operate on one or more input signals to produce a standard output.
Logic gates give the output in the form of 0 and 1.
The Boolean algebra can be applied to the logic gates.
2. Logic Gates are the building blocks of all circuits in a computer.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The statement is true.
Logic gates are idealized to implement a boolean function in all circuits of a computer.
The signals are directed as per the outputs of the logic gates in the form of 0 and 1.
3. A __________ gate gives the output as 1 only if all the inputs signals are 1.
a) AND
b) OR
c) EXOR
d) NOR
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The AND gate gives a 1 only if all the input signals are 1.
The Boolean expression for evaluating an AND signal is: Y=A.B.
4. The boolean expression of an OR gate is _______
a) A.B
b) A’B+AB’
c) A+B
d) A’B’
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: An OR gate gives the result as 1 if any one of the inputs is one.
Its expression is A+B.
An OR gate gives a 0 only if both the inputs are 0.
5. The gate which is used to reverse the output obtained is _____
a) NOR
b) NAND
c) EXOR
d) NOT
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: NOT gate is used to reverse the output from 0 to 1 and vice-versa.
The Boolean expression for NOT gate is Y=A’.
Therefore, it gives the complement of the result obtained.
6. Which of the following gate will give a 0 when both of its inputs are 1?
a) AND
b) OR
c) NAND
d) EXOR
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The NAND gate gives 0 as the output when both of its inputs are 1 or any one of the
input is 1.
It returns a 1 only if both the inputs are 0.
7. When logic gates are connected to form a gating/logic network it is called as a ______________
logic circuit.
a) combinational
b) sequential
c) systematic
d) hardwired
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: It is referred to as a combinational circuit as it comprises a number of gates.
It is connected to evaluate a result of a Boolean expression.
8. The universal gate that can be used to implement any Boolean expression is __________
a) NAND
b) EXOR
c) OR
d) AND
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: NAND gate can be used to implement any Boolean expression.
It is a universal gate. A universal gate can be used to implement any other Boolean function without
using any other logic gate.
9. The gate which is called an inverter is called _________
a) NOR
b) NAND
c) EXOR
d) NOT
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Inverter is used to reverse the output. A NOT gate is used to invert or change the
output from 0 to 1 and vice-versa.
10. The expression of an EXOR gate is ____________
a) A’B+AB’
b) AB+A’B’
c) A+A.B
d) A’+B’
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The expression for an EXOR gate is A’B+AB’.
An EXOR gate is nothing but an exclusive OR gate.

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Universal Gates”.

1. A ____________ is a circuit with only one output but can have multiple inputs.
a) Logic gate
b) Truth table
c) Binary circuit
d) Boolean circuit
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A logic gate is used to evaluate a Boolean expression.
It can have multiple inputs but can have only one output.
The different types of logic gates are AND, OR, NOT etc.
2. There are 5 universal gates.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: There are only 2 main universal gates: NAND and NOR.
A NAND gate as well as the NOR gate can be used to implement any other Boolean expression thus
it is called as a universal gate.
3. The Output is LOW if any one of the inputs is HIGH in case of a _________ gate.
a) NOR
b) NAND
c) OR
d) AND
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In case of a NAND gate the output is LOW if any one of the inputs is HIGH (i.e. 1).
It gives a HIGH output only in one case when all the inputs given to it are LOW.
4. The following figure shows a ___________ gate.

a) NOR
b) NAND
c) EXOR
d) OR
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The figure is that of a NOR gate.
The bubble signifies that it is a NOR gate.
It is a type of universal gate and can be used to implement all the boolean expressions.
5. The complement of the input given is obtained in case of:
a) NOR
b) AND+NOR
c) NOT
d) EX-OR
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The NOT gate, also called as the inverter gate is used to reverse the input which is
given.
It gives an inverted output, thus gives the complement.
Expression for NOT gate: Y=A’, where A is the input.
6. How many AND gates are required to realize the following expression Y=AB+BC?
a) 4
b) 8
c) 1
d) 2
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: 2 AND gates are required to realize the expression.
1 AND gate will be used to connect the inputs A and B whereas the other will be used to connect the
inputs B and C.
7. Number of outputs in a half adder _____________
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 0
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A half adder gives two outputs.
One is called the sum and the other is carry.
Half adder can be implemented using an EXOR gate and an AND gate.
8. The ________ gate is an OR gate followed by a NOT gate.
a) NAND
b) EXOR
c) NOR
d) EXNOR
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A NOR gate is a universal gate which is an OR gate followed by a NOT gate.
It therefore reverses the output obtained by an OR gate.
It can be used to implement any Boolean expression.
9. The expression of a NAND gate is_______
a) A.B
b) A’B+AB’
c) (A.B)’
d) (A+B)’
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A NAND gate is an AND gate followed by a NOT gate.
It therefore inverts the output of an AND gate.
NAND gate is also a universal gate.
10. Which of the following correctly describes the distributive law.
a)( A+B)(C+D)=AB+CD
b) (A+B).C=AC+BC
c) (AB)(A+B)=AB
d) (A.B)C=AC.AB
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The second option correctly describes the distributive law.
(A+B).C =AC+BC.
Boolean Laws are used to implementing and simplifying Boolean expression.

This set of Computer Fundamentals Interview Questions and Answers for Experienced people
focuses on “CPU & Control Unit”.

1. Brain of computer is ____________

a) Control unit
b) Arithmetic and Logic unit
c) Central Processing Unit
d) Memory
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The CPU is referred to as the brain of a computer.
It consists of a control unit and the arithmetic and logic unit. It is responsible for performing all the
processes and operations.
2. Control Unit acts as the central nervous system of the computer.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The control unit is referred to as the central nervous system because it selects and
interprets the instructions and coordinates execution.
3. What does MBR stand for?
a) Main Buffer Register
b) Memory Buffer Routine
c) Main Buffer Routine
d) Memory Buffer Register
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The binary subtraction 0 – 1 gives the result 1.
A borrow of 1 is although generated and is removed from the next higher column.
4. In the instruction ADD A, B, the answer gets stored in ___________
a) B
b) A
c) Buffer
d) C
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In any instruction of the form ADD A, B; the answer gets stored in the A register. The
format is: ADD Destination, Source.
5. What does PC stand for?
a) Program Changer
b) Program Counter
c) Performance Counter
d) Performance Changer
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The Program counter contains the address of the next instruction which is to be fetched
by the control unit.
All other options are invalid.
6. Which of the following holds the last instruction fetched?
a) PC
b) MAR
c) MBR
d) IR
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The IR which stands for the instruction register contains the last instruction fetched.
All the others options are registers which are used for the fetch operation.
7. The portion of the processor which contains the hardware required to fetch the operations is
_______
a) Datapath
b) Processor
c) Control
d) Output unit
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The datapath contains the hardware required to fetch the operations. The control tells
the data path what needs to be done.
8. Causing the CPU to step through a series of micro operations is called _________
a) Execution
b) Runtime
c) Sequencing
d) Pipelining
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Sequencing is the process of causing the CPU to step through a series of micro
operations. Execution causes the performance of each micro operation.
9. The functions of execution and sequencing are performed by using ______________
a) Input Signals
b) Output Signals
c) Control Signals
d) CPU
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Sequencing followed by the process of execution is performed by the Control signals.
Sequencing is traversing each and every operation whereas execution causes the performance of
each operation.
10. What does D in the D-flip flop stand for?
a) Digital
b) Direct
c) Delay
d) Durable
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In the hardwired control unit, the delay element method uses D-flip flop which causes a
delay. Since, in the delay element method, there must be a finite time gap between the 2 steps.

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Registers”.
1. CPU has built-in ability to execute a particular set of machine instructions, called as __________
a) Instruction Set
b) Registers
c) Sequence Set
d) User instructions
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: An instruction is any task which is to be performed by the processor. Instructions are
stored in the register. Instruction set is the set of machine instructions.
2. Opcode indicates the operations to be performed.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Every instruction has an opcode. Additionally, it may have one or more operands and
the op code indicates the operation to be performed.
3. The length of a register is called _______
a) word limit
b) word size
c) register limit
d) register size
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The length of a register is called word size. It tells the number of bits a register can
store.
Registers are a part of the CPU.
4. The _________ holds the contents of the accessed memory word.
a) MAR
b) MBR
c) PC
d) IR
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The MBR holds the contents of the accessed (read/written) memory word.
MBR stands for Memory Buffer Register.
5. Which of the following is not a visible register?
a) General Purpose Registers
b) Address Register
c) Status Register
d) MAR
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: MAR or the memory address register is not a visible register. This register is user
inaccessible. It contains the address of the memory block to be read or written to.
6. Which of the following is a data transfer instruction?
a) STA 16-bit address
b) ADD A, B
c) MUL C, D
d) RET
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The instruction STA 16-bit address is a data transfer instruction.
STA means Store in Accumulator.
7. What is correct instruction if you want the control to go to the location 2000h?
a) MOV 2000h
b) MOV A, 2000h
c) JMP 2000h
d) RET 2000h
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The JMP instruction is used to move to a particular location. In 8085 microprocessor,
JMP statement tells the processor to go to location 2000h (here).
8. What kind of a flag is the sign flag?
a) General Purpose
b) Status
c) Address
d) Instruction
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Sign flag is a type of status register or the flag register. It is used to indicate the sign of
certain bits.
9. The number of sign bits in a 32-bit IEEE format __________
a) 1
b) 11
c) 9
d) 23
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: There is only 1 sign bit in all the standards. In a 32-bit format, there is 1 sign bit, 8 bits
for the exponent and 23 bits for the mantissa.
10. New CPU whose instruction set includes the instruction set of its predecessor CPU is said to be
___________ with its predecessor.
a) fully compatible
b) forward compatible
c) compatible
d) backward compatible
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The CPU is called backward compatible since it contains the instruction set of its
predecessor. Manufacturers tend to group their CPUs into families having similar instruction set.

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Cache Memory”.

1. What is the high speed memory between the main memory and the CPU called?
a) Register Memory
b) Cache Memory
c) Storage Memory
d) Virtual Memory
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: It is called the Cache Memory. The cache memory is the high speed memory between
the main memory and the CPU.
2. Cache Memory is implemented using the DRAM chips.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The Cache memory is implemented using the SRAM chips and not the DRAM chips.
SRAM stands for Static RAM. It is faster and is expensive.
3. Whenever the data is found in the cache memory it is called as _________
a) HIT
b) MISS
c) FOUND
d) ERROR
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Whenever the data is found in the cache memory, it is called as Cache HIT. CPU first
checks in the cache memory since it is closest to the CPU.
4. LRU stands for ___________
a) Low Rate Usage
b) Least Rate Usage
c) Least Recently Used
d) Low Required Usage
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: LRU stands for Least Recently Used. LRU is a type of replacement policy used by the
cache memory.
5. When the data at a location in cache is different from the data located in the main memory, the
cache is called _____________
a) Unique
b) Inconsistent
c) Variable
d) Fault
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The cache is said to be inconsistent. Inconsistency must be avoided as it leads to
serious data bugs.
6. Which of the following is not a write policy to avoid Cache Coherence?
a) Write through
b) Write within
c) Write back
d) Buffered write
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: There is no policy which is called as the write within policy. The other three options are
the write policies which are used to avoid cache coherence.
7. Which of the following is an efficient method of cache updating?
a) Snoopy writes
b) Write through
c) Write within
d) Buffered write
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Snoopy writes is the efficient method for updating the cache. In this case, the cache
controller snoops or monitors the operations of other bus masters.
8. In ____________ mapping, the data can be mapped anywhere in the Cache Memory.
a) Associative
b) Direct
c) Set Associative
d) Indirect
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: This happens in the associative mapping. In this case, a block of data from the main
memory can be mapped anywhere in the cache memory.
9. The number of sign bits in a 32-bit IEEE format is ____
a) 1
b) 11
c) 9
d) 23
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: There is only 1 sign bit in all the standards. In a 32-bit format, there is 1 sign bit, 8 bits
for the exponent and 23 bits for the mantissa.
10. The transfer between CPU and Cache is ______________
a) Block transfer
b) Word transfer
c) Set transfer
d) Associative transfer
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The transfer is a word transfer. In the memory subsystem, word is transferred over the
memory data bus and it typically has a width of a word or half-word.

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Main
Memory Organisation”.
1. Any electronic holding place where data can be stored and retrieved later whenever required is
____________
a) memory
b) drive
c) disk
d) circuit
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Memory is the place where data can be stored and later retrieved. Memory can be of
classified into register, cache, main memory, etc.
2. Cache memory is the onboard storage.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Cache Memory is the memory closest to the CPU. Registers, Cache and the main
memory are the means of onboard storage in the computer system.
3. Which of the following is the fastest means of memory access for CPU?
a) Registers
b) Cache
c) Main memory
d) Virtual Memory
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Registers are the fastest means of access for CPU. Registers are the small memory
locations which are present closest to the CPU.
4. The memory implemented using the semiconductor chips is _________
a) Cache
b) Main
c) Secondary
d) Registers
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The main memory is implemented using semiconductor chips. Main memory is located
on the motherboard. It mainly consists of RAM and small amount of ROM.
5. Size of the ________ memory mainly depends on the size of the address bus.
a) Main
b) Virtual
c) Secondary
d) Cache
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The size of the main memory depends on the size of the address bus of the CPU. The
main memory mainly consists of RAM and ROM, where RAM contains the current data and
programs and ROM contains permanent programs like BIOS.
6. Which of the following is independent of the address bus?
a) Secondary memory
b) Main memory
c) Onboard memory
d) Cache memory
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The secondary memory is independent of the address bus. It increases the storage
space. It is implemented in the form of magnetic storage devices.
7. ____________ storage is a system where a robotic arm will connect or disconnect off-line mass
storage media according to the computer operating system demands.
a) Secondary
b) Virtual
c) Tertiary
d) Magnetic
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The tertiary storage is the correct option. It is used in the realms of enterprise storage
and scientific computing on large computer systems and business computer networks and is
something a typical personal computer never sees firsthand.
8. What is the location of the internal registers of CPU?
a) Internal
b) On-chip
c) External
d) Motherboard
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The internal registers are present on-chip. They are therefore present inside the CPU.
L1 cache is also present on-chip inside the CPU.
9. MAR stands for ___________
a) Memory address register
b) Main address register
c) Main accessible register
d) Memory accessible register
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The MAR stands for memory address register. It holds the address of the active
memory location.
10. If M denotes the number of memory locations and N denotes the word size, then an expression
that denotes the storage capacity is ______________
a) M*N
b) M+N
c) 2M+N
d) 2M-N
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Storage capacity is the product of a number of memory locations that is the number of
words and the word size or the number of bits stored per location. Storage capacity should be as
large as possible.

This set of Computer Fundamentals Quiz focuses on “Memory Storage Devices”.

1. Winchester disks are a type of _______

a) optical disks
b) magnetic disks
c) compact disks
d) magnetic drives
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The regularly spaced electric pulses per second are referred to as the clock cycles. All
the jobs performed by the processor are on the basis of clock cycles.
2. Bernoulli disks are a type of magnetic floppy disks.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Bernoulli disks are a type of magnetic hard disks and not floppy disks. They are also
called as zip disks. It uses a single hard disk platter encased in a plastic cartidge.
3. A plug and play storage device that simply plugs in the port of a computer is __________
a) Flash drive
b) Compact disk
c) Hard disk
d) CD
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A flash drive often called as a pen drive enables easy transport of data from one
computer to another. It comes in various shapes and sizes and may have different added features.
4. What does USB stand for?
a) Universal Signal Board
b) Universal Signal Bus
c) Universal Serial Bus
d) Universal Serial Board
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: USB stands for universal serial bus. A flash drive simply plugs in the USB port of a
computer.
5. A device similar to a flash drive ______________
a) Memory card
b) Compact drive
c) Compact disk
d) Memory disk
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Memory card serves a similar purpose as that of a flash drive. It is in the shape of a
card. Useful in electronic devices like Camera, music player, etc.
6. What does RAID stand for?
a) Redundant array of independent disks
b) Redundant array of inexpensive disks
c) Redundant array of intermediate disks
d) Redundant array of improper disks
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: RAID is Redundant array of independent disks. It is an array of disks which can store
data bits.
7. A set of hard disk drives with a controller mounted in a single box, forming a single large storage
unit is ____________
a) Disk array
b) Drives
c) Compact drives
d) Multi-cores
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The answer is disk array. It is commonly known as RAID. As a secondary storage
device, provides enhanced performance, enhanced storage capacity and reliability.
8. The process in which a file is partitioned into smaller parts and different parts are stored in
different disks is ____________
a) RAID
b) Mirroring
c) Stripping
d) RAID classification
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Enhanced reliability is achieved by using techniques like mirroring and stripping in case
of disk arrays. Stripping is the division of a large file into smaller parts and then storing them on
different disks.
9. Which of the following uses multiple hard disk platters mounted on a single central shift?
a) Disk drives
b) Hard disks
c) Disk packs
d) Compact disks
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Disk packs use a number of hard disk platters. Also, they are mounted on a single
central shaft.
10. Which of the following is not a magnetic disk?
a) Floppy
b) Winchester
c) Zip
d) FLASH
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Flash drives are a type of memory storage devices. It is a relatively newer type of
secondary storage device which enables easy transfer of data from one computer to another.
This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Input Devices”.

1. These devices provide a means of communication between a computer and outer world.
a) I/O
b) Storage
c) Compact
d) Drivers
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The I/O i.e. the input/output devices provide a means of communication between the
computer and the outer world. They are often referred to as the peripheral devices sometimes.
2. The I/O devices are sometimes called the peripheral devices because they surround the CPU and
memory of the computer system.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The statement is true. The input devices are used to enter data from the outside world
into primary storage. The output devices supply results of processing from primary storage to users.
3. Identify the blank space in the diagram.

a) Processor
b) Memory
c) CPU
d) Storage
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Firstly, the input is given to the input device, then the data in coded in internal form and
is sent to the CPU. Further, the processed data is sent to the output device and the result is
obtained.
4. What does GUI stand for?
a) Graphical User Instruction
b) Ground User Interface
c) General User Instruction
d) Graphical User Interface
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: GUI stands for a graphical user interface. Graphical user interface basically provides a
set of graphical elements on the screen to the users. Commonly used for point-and-draw devices.
5. Which of the following is not a point-and-draw device?
a) Keypad
b) Trackball
c) Touch screen
d) Mouse
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: All except the keypad are point-and-draw devices. They are used to rapidly point to and
select a graphic icon or menu item from multiple options displayed on the GUI of a screen.
6. A device used for video games, flight simulators, training simulators and for controlling industrial
robots.
a) Mouse
b) Light pen
c) Joystick
d) Keyboard
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Joystick is the device used for the same. It is a point-and-draw device. It has a click
button, a stick, a ball, a socket as well as a light indicator.
7. The unattended interactive information systems such as automatic teller machine or ATM is called
as _________
a) Kiosks
b) Sioks
c) Cianto
d) Kiaks
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The term information kiosks are used for the same. Touch screens are used the most
preferred human-computer interface used in information kiosks.
8. Which are the input devices that enable direct data entry into a computer system from source
documents?
a) Data Scanning devices
b) Data retrieving devices
c) Data acquiring devices
d) System Access devices
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: They are referred to as data scanning devices. They eliminate the need to key in text
data into the computer. It demands the high quality of input documents.
9. Which of the following is a type of image scanner?
a) Flat-held
b) Hand-led
c) Flat-bed
d) Compact
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Image scanners are the input devices that translate the paper documents into an
electronic format for storage in a computer. Stored image can be altered or manipulated with image-
processing software.
10. Which of the following is capable of recognizing a pre-specified type of mark by pencil or pen?
a) OMR
b) Winchester
c) Bar code reader
d) Image Scanner
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: OMR stands for optical mark reader. These are very useful for grading tests with
objective type questions or for any input data that is of choice or selection nature.

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Output Devices”.

1. Input Devices that use a special ink that contains magnetizable particles of iron oxide are ____
a) Optical disks
b) Magnetic disks
c) MICR
d) Magnetic drives
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: MICR reads data on cheques and sorts them for distribution to other banks or for
further processing. MICR stands for Magnetic-Ink-Character Recognition.
2. MICR character set consists of only 2 digits 0 and 1.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The statement is false. It consists of numerals from 0 to 9 and 4 special characters. It
supports only 14 symbols.
3. A printer that prints one line at a time and has a predefined set of characters is called _______
a) Laser
b) Drum
c) Inkjet
d) Impact
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The drum printers print one line at a time. They have a cylindrical drum with characters
embossed on its surface in the form of circular bands.
4. Which of the following is a name of plotter as well as a printer?
a) Flatbed
b) Laser
c) Drum
d) Impact
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Drum is the name of a plotter as well as a printer. Drum printers have a predefined set
of characters and print one line at a time. Drum plotters is an ideal device for architects and others
who need to generate high-precision hard copy graphics output of widely varying sizes.
5. Name the device that converts text information into spoken sentences.
a) Speech Sensors
b) Compact convertors
c) Speech Synthesizers
d) Voice systems
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A speech synthesizer converts text information into spoken sentences. It is used for
reading out text information to blind people. Allowing people to communicate effectively.
6. Which of the following is not a part of a digitizer?
a) Digitizing tablet
b) Cursor
c) Stick
d) Stylus
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A digitizer consists of a digitizing tablet, a stylus in the form of a cross-hair cursor. A
digitizer is used in the areas of GIS.
7. Which is the device used for converting maps, pictures and drawings into digital form for storage
in computers?
a) Digitizer
b) Scanner
c) Image Scanner
d) MICR
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A digitizer serves the purpose given in the question. Digitizers are generally used in the
area of Computer Aided Design by architects and engineers to design cars, buildings, etc.
8. The process in which a file is partitioned into smaller parts and different parts are stored in
different disks is called _________
a) RAID
b) Mirroring
c) Stripping
d) RAID classification
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Enhanced reliability is achieved by using techniques like mirroring and stripping in case
of disk arrays. Stripping is the division of a large file into smaller parts and then storing them on
different disks.
9. Which of the following Printers have a speed in the range of 40-300 characters per second?
a) Inkjet
b) Laser
c) Dot matrix
d) Drum
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The inkjet printers are non-impact printers. Hence, they cannot produce multiple copies
of a document in a single printing. Can be both monochrome and color.
10. Which of the following is a temporary output?
a) Hard copy
b) Soft copy
c) Duplicate copy
d) On paper
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: There are only two types of outputs: hard copy and soft copy. Soft copy output is
temporary and vanishes after use. Hard copy output is permanent in nature and can be kept in paper
files, etc.

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“System Softwares”.

1. The physical devices of a computer :

a) Software
b) Package
c) Hardware
d) System Software
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Hardware refers to the physical devices of a computer system. Software refers to a
collection of programs. A program is a sequence of instructions.
2. Software Package is a group of programs that solve multiple problems.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The statement is false. The software package is a group of programs that solve a
specific problem or perform a specific type of job.
3. ____________ refer to renewing or changing components like increasing the main memory, or
hard disk capacities, or adding speakers, or modems, etc.
a) Grades
b) Prosody
c) Synthesis
d) Upgrades
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Upgrades is the right term to be used. Upgrades are installed to renew or implement a
new feature. Except for upgrades, hardware is normally one-time expense.
4. Which of the following is designed to control the operations of a computer?
a) Application Software
b) System Software
c) Utility Software
d) User
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Software is basically classified into two: System and application. System Software is
designed to control the operations and extend the processing capability of a computer system.
5. Which of the following is not an example of system software?
a) Language Translator
b) Utility Software
c) Communication Software
d) Word Processors
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: A system software is responsible for controlling the operations of a computer system.
Word Processor is an application software since it is specific to its purpose.
6. A person who designs the programs in a software package is called :
a) User
b) Software Manager
c) System Developer
d) System Programmer
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The programs included in a system software package are called system programs. The
programmers who design them and prepare them are called system programmers.
7. ___________________ is designed to solve a specific problem or to do a specific task.
a) Application Software
b) System Software
c) Utility Software
d) User
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: An application software is specific to solving a specific problem. System software is
designed for controlling the operations of a computer system.
8. Assembler is used as a translator for?
a) Low level language
b) High Level Language
c) COBOL
d) C
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Assembler is used in case of low level languages. It is generally used to make the
binary code into an understandable format. Interpreter is used with the high level languages
similarly.
9. What do you call a program in execution?
a) Command
b) Process
c) Task
d) Instruction
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Option Process is correct. A program is a set of instructions. A program in execution is
called a process.
10. Which of the following is not a process state?
a) Terminated
b) Running
c) Blocked
d) Execution
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: There is no blocked state in a process model. The different states are ready, running,
executing, waiting and terminated.

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Application Softwares”.

1. The software designed to perform a specific task:

a) Synchronous Software
b) Package Software
c) Application Software
d) System Software
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Software refers to a collection of programs. Software designed to do a specific task are
referred to as the application software. Eg: Inventory management, banking, etc.
2. Word processing software is a type of application software.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The statement is true. Since, application software are designed to do a specific job,
word processing is a type of application software used for the designing of text documents.
3. Developing software __________ means a major commitment of time, money and resources.
a) In-house
b) In-sync
c) On-date
d) On-duration
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Developing software in-house means the same. It is easier to carry out changes in the
software if it is developed in-house
4. Which of the following is not a way of acquiring software?
a) Buying pre-written software
b) Ordering customized software
c) Downloading public-domain Software
d) Duplicating the software
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Duplication is not a correct way of acquiring the software. All the other options are valid.
Apart from these, another option could be development of a customized software.
5. OSS stands for:
a) Open System Service
b) Open Source Software
c) Open System Software
d) Open Synchronized Software
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: OSS stands for open source software. OSS allows any user to download, view, modify
and redistribute the software. Also, the user can fix bugs according to needs.
6. Public domain software is usually:
a) System supported
b) Source supported
c) Community supported
d) Programmer supported
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The public domain software is generally community supported. It is community
supported as author does not support users directly.
7. Set of programs which consist of full documentation.
a) Software Package
b) System Software
c) Utility Software
d) File package
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: It is called a software package. A software is nothing but a collection of programs. A
software package can solve a specific problem or perform a specific type of job.
8. Interpreter is used as a translator for __________
a) Low level language
b) High Level Language
c) COBOL
d) C
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: It is generally used to make the code into an machine understandable format.
Interpreter is used with the high level languages similarly. Assembler is used in case of low level
languages.
9. What do you call a specific instruction designed to do a task?
a) Command
b) Process
c) Task
d) Instruction
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A program is a set of instructions. A command is given to do a specific job. A program
in execution is called a process.
10. They normally interact with the system via user interface provided by the application software.
a) Programmers
b) Developers
c) Users
d) Testers
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Users interact with the system via user interface that is given by the application
software. An application software is a set of instructions designed to serve a particular purpose.

This set of Computer Fundamentals Question Bank focuses on “Memory Management”.

1. A task carried out by the OS and hardware to accommodate multiple processes in main memory.
a) Memory control
b) Memory management
c) Memory sharing
d) Memory usage
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Memory management is carried out by the OS and hardware to accommodate multiple
processes in main memory.
2. An HTML file is a text file containing small markup tags.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The statement is true. HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. It is a text file
containing small markup tags.
3. Secondary memory is the long term store for programs and data while main memory holds
program and data currently in use. What kind of an organization is this?
a) Physical
b) Logical
c) Structural
d) Simple
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The secondary memory is the long term store for programs and data while main
memory holds program and data currently in use. This is a physical organization.
4. Memory organization in which users write programs in modules with different characteristics.
a) Physical
b) Logical
c) Structural
d) Simple
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The answer is Logical. To handle user programs properly, the operating system and the
hardware should support a basic form of module to provide protection and sharing.
5. An executing process must be loaded entirely in main memory. What kind of a memory
organization is this?
a) Physical
b) Logical
c) Structural
d) Simple
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: This is simple memory organisation. An executing process must be loaded entirely in
main memory (if overlays are not used).
6. FTP stands for?
a) File Text Protocol
b) File Transfer Protocol
c) Firm Transfer Protocol
d) File Transplant Protocol
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. It is a type of internet service use for the
transmission of files.
7. A set of overlapping divisions in the main memory are called _______
a) Partitions
b) Divisions
c) Blocks
d) Modules
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Partition main memory into a set of non overlapping regions called partitions. Partitions
can be of equal or unequal sizes.
8. Any program, no matter how small, occupies an entire partition. This is called ____________
a) fragmentation
b) prior fragmentation
c) internal fragmentation
d) external fragmentation
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: It is called as internal fragmentation. Main memory use is inefficient. Any program, no
matter how small, occupies an entire partition. This is called internal fragmentation.
9. __________ is used to shift processes so they are contiguous and all free memory is in one block.
a) Fragmentation
b) Compaction
c) External Fragmentation
d) Division
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Use compaction to shift processes so they are contiguous and all free memory is in one
block.
10. _______ searches for smallest block. The fragment left behind is small as possible.
a) best fit
b) first fit
c) next fit
d) last fit
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Best fit searches for the smallest block. The fragment left behind is as small as
possible.

This set of Computer Fundamentals Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“Virtual Memory”.

1. Separation of user logical memory and physical memory is ___________

a) Memory control
b) Memory management
c) Memory sharing
d) Virtual memory
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The separation of user logical memory and physical memory is called virtual memory.
Only part of the program needs to be in memory for execution.
2. Logical Address space can be larger than physical address space.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The statement is true. Since, a part of the program needs to be in memory for the
process of execution, the logical space can therefore be much larger than the physical address
space.
3. Virtual Memory can be implemented via __________
a) Demand Paging
b) Logical paging
c) Structural way
d) Simple division
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Demand paging can implement virtual memory. Another way is demand segmentation.
4. COW stands for?
a) Copy over write
b) Convert over write
c) Count over write
d) Copy over write
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: COW stands for Copy over write. COW allows both parent and child processes to share
the same pages initially.
5. LRU stands for?
a) Least Recently used
b) Less Recently used
c) Least Recurrently used
d) Least Randomly used
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: LRU stands for Least Recently used. LRU is least recently used. It replaces page with
the smallest count.
6. An allocation that uses a proportional allocation scheme using priorities rather than size.
a) Priority allocation
b) File allocation
c) Preference allocation
d) Simple allocation
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Priority allocation uses a proportional allocation scheme using priorities rather than
size.
7. A process selects a replacement frame from the set of all frames.
a) Local replacement
b) Global replacement
c) Block replacement
d) Module replacement
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Global replacement process selects a replacement frame from the set of all frames;
one process can take a frame from another.
8. Any program, no matter how small, occupies an entire partition. This is called _____________
a) fragmentation
b) prior fragmentation
c) internal fragmentation
d) external fragmentation
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: It is called as internal fragmentation. Main memory use is inefficient. Any program, no
matter how small, occupies an entire partition. This is called internal fragmentation.
9. A process is busy swapping pages in and out.
a) Thrashing
b) Compaction
c) External Fragmentation
d) Division
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Thrashing is the term used whenever a process is busy swapping pages in and put.
10. ____________ is one or more physically contiguous pages.
a) Slab
b) Cache
c) Object
d) Allocator
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Slab is one or more physically contiguous pages. Cache consists of one or more slabs.