Digital Logic Design Multiple Choice

Questions with Answers

1. Decimal means base _____.
Ans. 10

2. The value of the bit pattern 11111111 is ______.

Ans. 255

3. The range of values represented by an 8-bit binary number is _____.

Ans. 0 to 255.

4. The binary equivalent of 228 is ______.

Ans. 228

5. The octal equivalent of (100)10 is ______.

Ans. (144)8

6. The decimal equivalent of (0.265)10 is _____.

Ans. (0.0100)2

7. The hexadecimal equivalent of (1011 1010 0011 .0010)2 is ____.

Ans. (B A 3 .2)16

8. The result of 7-2 using 1’s complement notation is _____.

Ans. 0100

9. The bit pattern 1011 in 1’s complement notation is _____.

Ans. – 4

10. The result of 7-2 using 2’s complement notation is ______.

Ans. 0101

11. The bit pattern 1110 in 2’s complement notation is ______.

Ans. – 2

12. The range of numbers that can be represented using the Excess-2N-1 notation is _____
Ans. 2N–1 – 1 to – 2N – 1

13. The significant digits of 0012340 is _____.

Ans. 0012340

14. The bit pattern 1101 Excess Number converted value is ______.
Ans. 13
15. If x,y,z contains values 0,1,1 then (x+z)y is _____.
Ans. 1

16. x+y.0 is ______ Law.

Ans. Commutative

17. x+1 =1 is ______ Law.

Ans. Dominance

18. Boolean product for 1 and 0 in AND has ____ value.

Ans. 0

19. Boolean product for 1 and 0 in OR has _____ value.

Ans. 1

20. Postulate P3 indicates ______.

Ans. The • and + operators are commutative

21. The NAND Gate output for input values 0 and 1 are _____.
Ans. 1

22. The NOR Gate output for input values 1 and 0 is _____.
Ans. 0

23. NOR is a _______ complete operation

Ans. Functionally

24. A system which is having 10 symbols from 0 to 9 is called

a. Binary System
b. Decimal system
c. Octal System
d. Both a and b
Ans. b. Decimal system

25. Write the Binary equivalent of 29 in decimal

a. llll0(2)
b.ll0l0l(2)
c.ll0l(2)
d. 11101(2)
Ans. d. 11101(2)

26. convert the 101.11(2) to decimal

a. 5.75
b. 5.65
c.,5.55
d. None
Ans. a. 5.75

27. Exclusive NOR is defined as _______.

Ans. NOT of (A XOR B)

28. If x and y is 0 and 1, the Boolean function xy+xy’ result is ____.

Ans. 0

29. A minterm has a value ___ if and only if all the values of its variables are 1.
Ans. 1

30. If x,y,z are 0,0,1 the minterm is _____ and maxterm is_____.
Ans. Minterm ◊x’y’z Maxterm◊x+y+z’

31. Implicants that cover as many cells of the map as possible are called ______.
Ans. Prime implicants

32. Simple functions are called ______.

Ans. Product functions

33. A Karnaugh map is a ______ representation of the truth table for a Boolean Function.
Ans. 2-dimensional

34. Step 2 is _______.

Ans. Translate to minterms in binary notation if not given in binary minterm form.

35. Step D in doesn’t care ______.

Ans. Select the column in which a specific minterm is only covered by one prime implicant. The
minterm 0011 is an example. Mark 0-1- prime implicant row and all are intersecting columns.

36. The decimal equivalent of an octal number 234.32 is

a. 156.15625
d. 156.15265
c. 156.2562
d. 156.1554
Ans. a. 156.15625

37. Represent the 1011001.1011(2) to octal

a. 132.54
b. 132.55
c. 131.54
d. 132.45
Ans. c. 131.54
38. The l’s complement of 111010 is
a.000l00
b.000l0l
c. 000011
d. None
Ans. b.000l0l

39. Asynchronous counters are also called as

a. Decade Counters
b. Ripple counters
c. 4-bit binary counters
d. Both band c
Ans. b. Ripple counters

40. The basic gates are

a. AND, OR, NAND
b. NAND, NOR
c. AND,OR,NOT
d. AND, NOR, NAND
Ans. c. AND, OR, NOT

41. Demorgan’s first Theorem says that

a. The complement of a product form of an expression is equal to the sum the complements.
b. The complement of a sum form of an expression to the product of the complements
c. Both a and b
d. None
Ans. c. Both a and b

42. Simplify (a+b)+c by using Demorgan’s Theorem

a. (a+b)c
b. (a+b)+c
c. (a+b+c)
d. None
Ans. a. (a+b)c

43. The terms involved in SOP form is called as

a. Maxterms
b. Minterms
c. Both a and b
d. None
Ans. b. Minterms

44. The methods used to simplify the Boolean expression is

a. k-map
b. Quine Mcclusky
c. Both a and b
d. None
Ans. c. Both a and b

45. The difference between a half-adder and full-adder is

a. The half adder is having a carry input
b. The full adder is not having a carry input
c. The half added does not have a carry input
d. None
Ans. c. The half added does not have a carry input

46.Multiplexers are known as

a. Data Selectors
b. Data Deselectors
c. converters
d. Both a and ‘b
Ans. a. Data Selectors

47. The Demultiplexers are

a. One input line and many output lines
b. Many input lines and one output line
c. Both a and b
d. None
Ans. a. One input line and many output lines

48. Even parity means

a. There is even a number of l’s in a code
b. There is the odd number of l’s in a code
c. There is the unequal number of l’s in a code
d. Both a and b
Ans. a. There is even number of l’s in a code

49.A simple memory unit is known as

a. Flip-Flops
b. Latch
c. Registers
d. None
Ans. a. Flip-Flops

50. Edge triggered flip-flops are

a. Synchronous inputs
b. Bistable with synchronous inputs
c. Bistable with asynchronous inputs
d. None
Ans. b. Bistable with synchronous inputs
51. In the toggle mode, a JK flip-flop has

a. J = 0, K = 1
b. J = 1, K = 1
c. J = 0, K = 0
d. J = 1, K = 0
Answer: b

Explanation: Toggling means switching between the two states when output changes to its complement
on applying clock signal. For example, suppose you assume the initial output to be X (1 or 0), then after
toggling, the output state will be X' (0 or 1, respectively). Both j and k should be 1 for toggle in JK flip
flop.

52. DeMorgan's Law states that

a. (A+B)' = A'*B
b. (AB)' = A' + B'
c. (AB)' = A' + B
d. (AB)' = A + B
Answer: b

Explanation: DeMorgan's theorems play a vital role in digital electronics. It gives an equivalency between
the logic gates. There are two distinct types of DeMorgan's theorems: the first gives the equivalent of the
NAND gate, and the other gives the equivalent of the NOR gate. As per the dual property of DeMorgan's
theorem (AB)' = A' + B' & (A+B) = A' * B'

53. The logical sum of two or more than two logical products is termed as

a. OR operation
b. POS
c. SOP
d. NAND operation
Answer: c

Explanation: SOP stands for "Sum of products." SOP is a way that a Boolean Algebra formula can be
written. For example, the sum of product formula: AB + A'B'. In other words, it is defined as the logical
sum of two or more logical product terms. POS refers to the logical product of two or more than two
logical sum terms.

54. Suppose the output of an XNOR gate is 1. Which of the given input combination is correct?

a. A = 0, B' = 1
b. A = 1, B = 1
c. A = 0, B = 1
d. A = 0, B = 0
Answer: d
Explanation:

An XNOR refers to a digital logic gate with two or more inputs and one output that executes logical
equality. The output of an XNOR gate is true either all of its inputs are true, or all of its inputs are false.
When one of its inputs is false, and others are true, then the output is false. The output of the XNOR gate
is given by the following equation.

AB + A'B,' For A = 0 AND B = 0 the output will be 1.

55. TTL is a class of digital circuits built from

a. Resistors only
b. BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistors) only
c. JEFT only
d. Both option a and b
Answer: d

Explanation: TTL stands for Transistor-Transistor logic. It is a class of type of digital circuits made up of
bipolar junction transistors and resistors. BJT has two types of charge carriers: the first one is the electron
and the holes. There are two types of BJTs: NPN and PNP. In TTL, resistors play a very short role, and
both logic gating and amplifying functions are carried out by the transistors.

56. Which logic unit is the fastest of all the logic families?

a. DTL
b. TTL
c. ECL
d. CMOS
Answer: c

Explanation:

ECL stands for Emitter Coupled Logic. It is the fastest of all the logic families because of its higher
transmission rate.

In Emitter Coupled Logic,

The storage time is removed as the transistors are utilized in different amplifier mode and are never
driven into saturation.
It is the fastest logic family and has the minimum propagation delay.
In CMOS logic,

Power dissipation is basically 10nw per gate, relying on the power supply voltage, output load etc.
The CMOS components are usually expensive, but CMOS technology is cost-efficient.
It has high input impedance.
In TTL,

Power dissipation is basically 10nw per gate.

Cost-efficient components.
The possibility of damage to the equipment is less from electrostatic charge as compared to CMOS.

57. CMOS technology used in?

a. Microprocessor
b. Inverter
c. Digital logic
d. Both option a and c
Answer: d

Explanation: CMOS stands for Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor. It is a type of (mostly)
digital logic that uses a pair of complementary field-effect transistors to switch electric current. There are
some analog CMOS devices; they are a lot less common. CMOS technology is used in many electronic
devices like Microprocessor, Ram, Microcontroller, and other logic circuits. When the gate is ON, one
transistor is on, and the other is off. When the gate is OFF, the first transistor is off, and the other is ON.

58. Why is a decoder used in digital electronics?

a. To convert non coded information into a binary coded form.

b. To convert coded information into a non-coded form.
c. It is used to divide address bus and data bus.
d. None of these

Answer: b

Explanation: Decoder is usually used to convert the coded information (BCD) into a non-coded form. In
other words, decoders are defined as an electronic device that is used to convert digital signal to an analog
signal. The decoders are used in many communication devices that are used to communicate between two
devices. The decoder allows n number of inputs and generates 2n numbers of outputs. For example, if we
give two inputs, four by two decoder will produce four outputs.

59. A register can be defined as

a. The group of transistors for storing n- a bit of information

b. The group of transistors for storing two bits of information
c. The group of flip-flops for storing n bit of information
d. The group of flip-flops for storing binary information.
Answer: d
Explanation: An electronic register refers to a form of memory that uses a group of flip-flops that is
suitable for storing binary information, such as a byte (8 bits) of data. Each flip flop is a binary cell
suitable for storing individual bits of a binary word. The length of the stored binary information depends
on the number of flip-flops that make up the register. The information in a register can be transferred
form one flip-flop to another flip-flop.

60. The primary difference between a counter and a register is

a. A counter has the capability to store n bit of information whereas a register has one bit.
b. A register counts data.
c. A register has no specific sequence of states.
d. A counter has no particular sequence of states.
Answer: c

Explanation:

The primary difference between a counter and a register is that register has no specific state sequence
except in certain conditions.

A counter is a special case of a register while the register has the same clock. generally, the register can
only be stored, loaded, or used for the stack or as the program counter. The counter does not need to have
the same clock.

Advantages of Counter: It is used in frequency dividers, Code generators and Period and sequence
generators.

Advantages of Register: To Produce Time delay, Simplify Combinational Logic and Convert Serial Data
to Parallel Data

61. Which of the following options represent the synchronous control inputs in an S – R flip flop?
a) S
b) R
c) Clock
d) Both S and R
Answer: d
Explanation: The input for which the flip flop changes its state when synchronized with the clock is called
the synchronous control inputs. For the S – R flip flop, both S and R are synchronous control inputs.

62. What must be used along with synchronous control inputs to trigger a change in the flip flop?
a) 0
b) 1
c) Clock
d) Previous output
Answer: c
Explanation: A clock must be used along with synchronous control inputs to trigger a change in the flip
flop. These flip – flops may be edge – triggered or level – triggered. A change should occur only when
the clock changes from 0 to 1 or vice versa.

63. What will be the output from a D flip – flop if the clock is low and D = 0?
a) 0
b) 1
c) No change
d) Toggle between 0 and 1
Answer: c
Explanation: When the clock is low, the input given to D will have no effect. This is because the set and
reset pins of the NAND gates are kept high. When HIGH value is given to NAND gates the output result
will be zero.

64. What value is to be considered for a “don’t care condition”?

a) 0
b) 1
c) Either 0 or 1
d) Any number except 0 and 1
Answer: c
Explanation: A don’t care condition can take 0 or 1 according to the requirement. SOP expressions may
consider it to be 1 to increase the number of 1s and POS expressions may consider it to be 0 to increase
the number of 0s.

65. The primary memory (also called main memory) of a personal computer consists of

(a) RAM only

(b) ROM only
(c) both RAM and ROM
(d) Cache memory

Answer: (c)

66. RAM is _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _.

(a) volatile, temporary

(b) non-volatile, temporary
(c) volatile, permanent
(d) non-volatile, permanent

Answer: (a), RAM is volatile which means its data are lost when the device is powered off.

67. Which is not a computer classification?

a) mainframe

b) maxframe

c) mini

d) notebook

Answer: (b)

68. Which of the following is not a type of computer code?

a) EDIC
b) ASCII
c) BCD
d) EBCDIC

Answer: a
Explanation: There is no coding scheme like EDIC. EBCDIC stands for Extended Binary Coded Decimal
Interchange Code. BCD stands for Binary Coded Decimal. ASCII stands for American Standard Code for
information interchange.

69. What is the full form of the EEPROM?

a. Electrically Erasable Process Read-Only Memory

b. Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
c. Electrical Erase Program Read-Only Memory
d. Electron Erase Program Read-Only Memory

Answer: (b) Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory

Explanation: The full name of EEPROM is Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory.

70. Which of the following is a non-volatile memory chip?

a. EEPROM
b. RAM
c. DRAM
d. SRAM

Answer: (a) EEPROM

Explanation: EEPROM is a non-volatile memory chip that is used to store small amounts of data in a
computer.