Geometry - branch of mathematics that
studies the size, shape, and position of
2-dimensional shapes and 3-dimensional
figures.
- “geo” means “earth”
- “metria” means “measure”
- architecture, engineering, etc.
- tools often used in geometry: compass,
protractor, etc
Euclid - Greek mathematician
- Father of Geometry (365-300BC)
- the study of geometry in a number of
early cultures
- “The Elements”
Euclidean Geometry -study of plane
geometry
- study of polygons and triangles
Main concepts of geometry - lines, segments,
shapes, solids, triangles, and angles,
circumference of a circle.
Transformation - change in position, shape,
size
- isometry if the preimage and the image
are congruent
Preimage - original figure
Image - resulting figure
TYPES OF TRANSFORMATION IN MATH
Translation - or slide
- when u slide a figure in any direction
- all points of a figure move the same
distance and in the same direction
Reflection - preimage and image have
opposite orientations
-image appears backwards
-when u flip a figure over a line
Rotation - rotated or turned around a point
called center of rotation
-when u rotate a figure a certain degree
around a point
Dilation - enlargement or reduction
Glide-Reflection - slide then reflect or
reflect then slide
Tiling - aka tesellation
- used in Rome as decorative patterns,
also seen in early Islamic arts
- 3 regular polygons (equilateral
triangle, square, regular hexagon)
-irregular polygons (rectangles,
non-equilateral triangles)
- possible to tessellate 2 or more
polygons
- used in computer graphics
-can be extended in higher dimensions
Cube - only regular polyhedron that can
tessellate alone
Maurits Cornelis Escher - dutch graphics
artist
-known for his work on tessellations
- June 17, 1898 to March 27,
1972(shtbdaykoto skl ps. not the year duh)
Tessellation - when u fit individual tiles
together to a flat space like floor, walls, or
ceiling without gaps or overlaps.
-latin word “tessera” means “a small
block or stone, tile, glass or other material
used in the construction of a mosaic”
Sir Roger Penrose - british prof of math in
oxford uni
-born on august 8. 1931
- tiling, “in which a set of shapes can be
used to cover a plane without using a
repeating pattern”
- “Penrose staircase and the impossible
triangle known as the tribar”
- “Kites and Darts”
SHAPES U CAN TESSELLATE TIH
Triangles - 2 triangles make a diamond, 6
triangles make hexagon
Squares
Hexagons - bee (bbq) -> honeycombs
Squares and triangles
Hexagons and triangles
Hexagons, squares, and triangles
Octagon
Dodecagon (12 sides) and triangles
Dodecagons, hexagons, square
Pentagons
Waffles
Fish
TESSELLATION IN NATURE
Scales of a lizard
Dragonfly’s wing
Spots of a giraffes
TESSELLATION IN SYNTHETIC OBJECTS
Cracks in dried mud
Brickwork on a church steeple
Leaded glass window
Etc etc
U can tessellation in PowerPoint daw hehe
While in craft tessellation u can used
protractor, graph paper, tracing paper, ruler,
crayons or coloring materials
Origami tessellation is NOT made of separate
peices of paper placed side by side INSTEAD
they are made with 1 sheet of paper
Origami tessellation - started by Shuzo (zzz
-.-) Fujimoto in late 1960’s
Symmetry - basic notion in visual arts
-constancy
-objects that appear unchanged when
certain transformation are applied
Butterflies -bilateral symmetry or mirror
symmetry

5 BASIC SYMMETRY OPERATIONS THAT CAN

BE APPLIED TO A FRIEZE PATTERN
Translation (T) - slide
Glide reflection (G) - slide then reflect
Rotation ( R ) - 1800 only in symmetry
Vertical Reflection (V) - over y-axis
Horizontal reflection (H) - over x-axis

Frieze Pattern - infinitely long strip

imprinted with a design given by a repeating
pattern motif

7 TYPES OF FRIEZE PATTERNS all have T

T
TV
TG
TR
THG
TVRG
TVHRG

WALLPAPER PATTERNS - can be shifted in

any direction and land on an exact copy of
itself
- patterns that have infinitely many
translational symmetries
-17 possible patterns

17 WALLPAPER GROUPS
WALA PA SA CANVAS YUND MOD MOD SO
YEAH here are key words or wtvr
a mod n = r
a = r (modn)
a = nq + r
Where a=dividend, n=divisor, r=remainder

LAHAT DIVISIBLE DAPAT SA 10 EXCEPT PAG

10DIGITS WHICH IS DIVISIBLE NAMAN
DAPAT SA 11

10digit ISBN
Increasing or 1234
X1+2X2+3X3+….10X10 =0(mod11)

13digit ISBN
1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 3 (as in thirteen, 1 then 3)
X1+3X2+X3+3X4….3X12+X13 =0(mod10)

12digit product code

3, 1, 3, 1, 3, 1 (vice versa sa 13digits)
X1+3X2+X3+3X4….3X12+X13 =0(mod10)

16digit credit card

2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1
2X1+X2+2X3+X4….2X12+X13 =0(mod10)
Pag nagmutiply ka then may sagot ka na nasa
tenths add mo muna yon bago iadd lahat

Check digit - last number