1250 Homework Phasors Problem 1 Solution

EX: The phasor transform converts a cosinusoid to a complex number that captures the
magnitude and phase shift:
P[A cos(ω t + φ )] = Ae jφ

The inverse phasor transform converts a complex number into a cosinusoid:

P −1[Ae jφ ] = A cos(ω t + φ )

The phasor transform of the derivative of a cosinusoid is jω times the phasor

transform of the cosinusoid:
⎡ A cos(ω t + φ ) ⎤
P⎢ ⎥ = jω Ae jφ
⎣ dt ⎦
a) Find P[2.4 cos(2k t + 30°)] .

b) Find P −1[ j] .
c) Use phasors to calculate 3cos(ω t) + 4 sin(ω t) . (Convert to phasors, sum the
phasors, then convert back to a single sinusoid.)
⎡d ⎤
d) Find P ⎢ [3cos(ω t) + 4 sin(ω t)]⎥ .
⎣ dt ⎦

SOL'N: a) All that one does to find the phasor of the signal is extract the value of A
and the value of φ from the cosine expression. The A is placed in front of
ej, and φ is placed behind the j in the exponent.

P[2.4 cos(2k t + 30°)] = 2.4e j 30°

Note: if the time-domain waveform has units, e.g., volts, then we attach
those units to the phasor, too. Here, we have no units.

b) Typically, we convert complex numbers to polar form before we take the

inverse phasor transform. From the standpoint of the engineer in a lab, a
cosine waveform with a phase shift value is easier to comprehend, so the
polar form is preferable.

It is straightforward to take the inverse transform of a polar-form phasor.

All that one does to find the inverse phasor is locate the value of A and the
value of φ in the phasor. The A is placed in front of "cos(ωt+", and the φ
 is placed after the "+". A closing parenthesis is added to complete the
expression.
If the phasor is a complex number in rectangular form, a + jb, the inverse
phasor transform is the sum of the inverse phasor transform of a and the
inverse phasor transform of jb. The inverse phasor transform of positive
real number a is a cosine waveform with magnitude a and zero phase shift.
A minus sign in front of the phasor becomes a ±180° phase shift of the
cosine waveform. The inverse phasor transform of a positive imaginary
number, jb, is a cosine waveform of magnitude b shifted by –90°.
Equivalently, the inverse phasor of may be written as –bsin(ωt).

P −1[a + jb] = a cos(ω t) + b cos(ω t − 90°) = a cos(ω t) − bsin(ω t)

c)
 d)

ANS: 1. a) 2.4e j 30°

b) − sin(ω t) (The value of ω cannot be determined.)

⎛ −4 ⎞
j tan −1⎜ ⎟
−1 ⎝ 3⎠
c) P [3 − j4 = 5e ] = 5 cos(ω t − 53°)

d) j5ω e− j53°