REPORT

NAME : S.YOVANNE ALEXANDER

DEGREE : B-TECH

DEPARTMENT: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

YEAR : THIRD YEAR

COLLEGE: CHRIST COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

AND TECHNOLOGY

COMPANY : HCL INFO SYSTEM.

DATE OF VISIT : 6-12-2010 & 7-12-2010

COMPUTER HARTWARE:

A personal computer is made up of multiple physical components of computer hardware, upon

which can be installed a system software called operating system and a multitude of software
applications to perform the operator's desired functions.

Though a PC comes in many different forms, a typical personal computer consists of a case or
chassis in a tower shape (desktop), containing components such as a motherboard.

Motherboard

The motherboard is the main component inside the case. It is a large rectangular board with
integrated circuitry that connects the rest of the parts of the computer including the CPU, the
RAM, the disk drives (CD, DVD, hard disk, or any others) as well as any peripherals connected
via the ports or the expansion slots.

Components directly attached to the motherboard include:

 The central processing unit (CPU) performs most of the calculations which enable a
computer to function, and is sometimes referred to as the "brain" of the computer. It is
usually cooled by a heat sink and fan.
 The chip set mediates communication between the CPU and the other components of
the system, including main memory.
 RAM (Random Access Memory) stores resident part of the current running OS (OS core
and so on) and all running processes (applications parts, using CPU or input/output (I/O)
channels or waiting for CPU or I/O channels).
 The BIOS includes boot firmware and power management. The Basic Input Output
System tasks are handled by operating system drivers.lol ikr
 Internal Buses connect the CPU to various internal components and to expansion cards
for graphics and sound.

Power supply

Inside a custom-built computer: the power supply at the bottom has its own cooling fan.

A power supply unit (PSU) converts alternating current (AC) electric power to low-voltage DC
power for the internal components of the computer. Some power supplies have a switch to
change between 230 V and 115 V. Other models have automatic sensors that switch input
voltage automatically, or are able to accept any voltage between those limits. Power supply
units used in computers are nearly always switch mode power supplies (SMPS). The SMPS
provides regulated direct current power at the several voltages required by the motherboard
and accessories such as disk drives and cooling fans.

Software testing:

Software testing is an investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information about

the quality of the product or service under test.[1] Software testing also provides an objective,
independent view of the software to allow the business to appreciate and understand the risks
of software implementation. Test techniques include, but are not limited to, the process of
executing a program or application with the intent of finding software bugs.

Software testing can also be stated as the process of validating and verifying that a software
program/application/product:

 meets the business and technical requirements that guided its design and development;
 works as expected; and
 can be implemented with the same characteristics.

Software testing, depending on the testing method employed, can be implemented at any time
in the development process. However, most of the test effort occurs after the requirements
have been defined and the coding process has been completed. As such, the methodology of
the test is governed by the software development methodology adopted.
Different software development models will focus the test effort at different points in the
development process. Newer development models, such as Agile, often employ test driven
development and place an increased portion of the testing in the hands of the developer,
before it reaches a formal team of testers. In a more traditional model, most of the test
execution occurs after the requirements have been defined and the coding process has been
completed.

PERIPHERAL TESTING:

Peripherals are any devices that are connected to the motherboard, including I/O boards,
RS232/UART devices (including mice and modems), floppies and fixed-disks, video cards, etc.
On modern boards, many peripherals are integrated into the motherboard, meaning, if one
peripheral fails, effectually the motherboard has to be replaced.* On older boards, peripherals
were added via daughter boards.

*some MB CMOS's allow for disabling on-board devices, which may be an option for not
replacing the motherboard -- though, in practicality, some peripheral boards can cost as much,
if not more, than the motherboard. Also, failure of on-board devices may signal a cascading
failure to other components.
1. New peripheral?
a) Check the MB BIOS documentation/setup to ensure that the BIOS supports the device and
that the MB is correctly configured for the device.
(Note>> when in doubt, reset CMOS to DEFAULT VALUES. These are ) (optimized for the most
generalized settings that avoid some of) (the conflicts that result from improper 'tweaking'. )
b) Check cable attachments & orientation (don't just look, reattach!)
c) If that doesn't work, double-check jumper/PnP (including software and/or MB BIOS set)
settings on the device.
d) If that doesn't work, try another peripheral of same brand & model that is known to work.
e) If the swap peripheral works, the original peripheral is most likely the problem. (You can
verify this by testing the non-working peripheral on a test MB of the same make & bios.)
f) If the swap periphal doesn't on the MB, verify the functionality of the first peripheral on a test
machine. If the first peripheral works on another machine AND IF the set-up of the
motherboard BIOS is verified AND IF all potentially conflicting peripherals have been removed
OR verified to not be in conflict, the motherboard is suspect. (However, see #D below.)
g) At this point, recheck MB or BIOS documentation to see if there are known bugs with the
peripheral AND to verify any MB or peripheral jumper settings that are necessary for the
particular peripheral to work. Also, try a different peripheral of the same kind but a different
make to see if it works. If it does not, swap the motherboard. (However, see #D below.)

Expansion card
Example of a PCI Digital I/O Expansion Card.

The expansion card (also expansion board, adapter card or accessory card) in computing is a
printed circuit board that can be inserted into an expansion slot of a computer motherboard to
add functionality to a computer system.

One edge of the expansion card holds the contacts (the edge connector) that fit exactly into the
slot. They establish the electrical contact between the electronics (mostly integrated circuits)
on the card and on the motherboard.

Connectors mounted on the bracket allow the connection of external devices to the card.
Depending on the form factor of the motherboard and case, around one to seven expansion
cards can be added to a computer system. In the case of a backplane system, up to 19
expansion cards can be installed. There are also other factors involved in expansion card
capacity. For example, most graphics cards on the market as of 2010 are dual slot graphics
cards, using the second slot as a place to put an active heat sink with a fan.

Some cards are "low-profile" cards, meaning that they are shorter than standard cards and will
fit in a lower height computer chassis. (There is a "low profile PCI card" standard[1] that
specifies a much smaller bracket and board area). The group of expansion cards that are used
for external connectivity, such as a network, SAN or modem card, are commonly referred to as
input/output cards (or I/O cards).

The primary purpose of an expansion card is to provide or expand on features not offered by
the motherboard. For example, the original IBM PC did not provide graphics or hard drive
capability as the technology for providing that on the motherboard did not exist. In that case, a
graphics expansion card and an ST-506 hard disk controller card provided graphics capability
and hard drive interface respectively.

In the case of expansion of on-board capability, a motherboard may provide a single serial
RS232 port or Ethernet port. An expansion card can be installed to offer multiple RS232 ports or
multiple and higher bandwidth Ethernet ports. In this case, the motherboard provides basic
functionality but the expansion card offers additional or enhanced ports.
 REPORT
NAME : G.VASANTHAN

DEGREE : B-TECH

DEPARTMENT: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

YEAR : THIRD YEAR

COLLEGE: CHRIST COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

AND TECHNOLOGY

COMPANY : HCL INFO SYSTEM.

DATE OF VISIT : 6-12-2010 & 7-12-2010