9

ICT
(For STE Program)
 9
ICT

Quarter 2 – Module 3

ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE IN ACCORDANCE WITH

ESTABLISHED PROCEDURES AND SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

Prepared by:

FRITZIE S. ESTRADA

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

 ICT 9
Quarter 2 – Module 3

ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE IN ACCORDANCE WITH

ESTABLISHED PROCEDURES AND SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

• The learners are able to identify the different internal peripheral devices and
explain their function.
• The learners are able to identify the parts of a motherboard and explain the
function of each part.
• The learners are able to install the motherboard and the different internal
peripheral devices.

INFORMATION SHEET
INSIDE THE SYSTEM UNIT AND THE MOTHERBOARD

The System Unit is the case that contains all the electronic components of any
computer system. The electronic components are considered internal hardware since
these are found inside the system unit. These components are what process the data
and makes the computer work. Many people erroneously refer to this as the CPU.
Internal peripheral devices are as follows:

1. Adapters / Expansion Cards - Printed-circuit boards (also called interface

cards) that enable the computer to use a peripheral device for which it does not have
the necessary connections or circuit boards. They are often used to permit upgrading
to a new different hardware. They enhance the PC’s capabilities by allowing users to
add missing features in their computers in the form of adapter cards that are slotted
in expansion slots.

• A computer with a sound card can do far more than just beep. It can produce
3-D audio for games or surround sound playback for DVDs. It can also capture
and record sound from external sources.
• Commonly referred to as an Ethernet card and network adapter, a Network
Interface Card enables a computer to connect to a network such as a home
network or the Internet using an Ethernet cable with RJ-45 connector.
• Graphics card or video adapter allows advanced graphics capabilities or a
powerful graphic system. Modern computers that do not have video expansion
cards have GPUs (Graphics Processing Unit) integrated directly onto the
motherboard. It is a computer chip that performs rapid mathematical
calculations, primarily for the purpose of rendering images

2. Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Installed in the

back corner of the PC case, next to the
motherboard. It converts 120vac (standard
house power) into DC voltages that are used
by other components in the PC.

POWER SUPPLY CONNECTORS

 • 4-PIN BERG CONNECTOR (Floppy Drive Connector) - Used to connect the
PSU to small form factor devices, such as 3.5" floppy drives
• 4-PIN MOLEX CONNECTOR – This is used to power various components,
including hard drives and optical drives
• 4-PIN 12V P4 CONNECTOR – Used specifically for Pentium 4 Processor
Motherboards (integrated into the power connector in ATX-2)
• 20/24-PIN POWER CONNECTOR – This is used to power the motherboard in
ATX systems (ATX-2 has four extra pins)
• SATA POWER CONNECTOR – This is also used to power the hard drives and
optical drives just like the 4-Pin Molex Connector

3. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - Also known as

hard drive, is a magnetic storage device that is
installed inside the computer. The hard drive is
used as permanent storage for data. In a
Windows computer, the hard drive is usually
configured as the C: drive and contains the
operating system and applications.

4. Optical Drive- An optical drive is a

storage device that uses lasers to read
data on the optical media. There are
three types of optical drives: Compact
Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)
and Blu-ray Disc (BD).
CABLES

IDE CONNECTOR SATA CONNECTOR

THE
MOTHERBOARD
Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board- The main circuit board of a computer. It
contains all the circuits and components that run the computer.

Parts of the Motherboard

1. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The processor is the main “brain” of a

computer system. It performs all of the instructions and calculations that are needed
and manages the flow of information through a computer. It is responsible for fetching,
decoding and executing program instructions as well as performing mathematical and
logical calculations

O PGA (Pin Grid Array) – uses a system of pins on the CPU and holes on the
socket to line up and hold a CPU in place
O LGA (Land Grid Array) – uses a system of gold-plated copper pads that make
contact with the motherboard
 PGA
LGA

2. CPU SOCKET
– home for the

microprocessor. It contains one or more mechanical components providing

mechanical and electrical connections between a microprocessor and a printed circuit
board (PCB). This allows for placing and replacing the central processing unit (CPU)
without soldering.

Used for PGA CPU Used for LGA CPU

3. CPU HEAT SINK AND CPU FAN – Cools down the CPU to prevent it from
overheating. Heat sinks leverage a thermal conductor to move the heat into fins and
thus disperse the heat throughout the computer. A CPU Fan helps pull and blow hot
air off the processor, helping keep it cooler
4. BIOS (BASIC INPUT/OUTPUT SYSTEM) –
The link between the hardware and the software in a
computer system. It is a ROM chip used by the
computer during the startup routine (boot process)
to check out the system and prepare to run the
hardware. It contains all the codes required to
control the keyboard, display screen, disk drives,
serial communication, and a number of
miscellaneous functions. It holds the most
important data in the computer so if configured
incorrectly, it can cause the computer not to boot
When you turn on your computer, the BIOS does several things. This is its usual
sequence:
1. Check the CMOS Setup for custom settings
2. Load the interrupt handlers and device drivers
3. Initialize registers and power management
4. Perform the power-on self-test (POST)
5. Display system settings
6. Determine which devices are bootable
7. Initiate the bootstrap sequence
5. RAM (RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY) – It is also known as internal storage or main
memory). It is the computer's working storage space that holds data, instructions for
processing and processed data (information) waiting to be sent to secondary storage.
It is a volatile storage device that temporarily stores dynamic data when you are
working with your computer to enhance the computer performance.

Types of RAM
a. DDR or DDR1 – DDR stands for double data rate; transfers data twice per
clock cycle, hence the name double data rate. DDR clock speeds range
between 200 MHz (DDR-200) and 400 MHz (DDR-400); DDR-200 transfers
1600 MB/s, while DDR-400 transfers 3200 MB/s.
b. DDR2 – stands for double data rate 2. DDR2 is twice as fast as DDR which
means twice as much data is carried to the module for each clock cycle. Also
due to the design improvements DDR2 consumes less power as compared to
the DDR memory. DDR2 speeds range between 400 MHz (DDR2-400) and 800
MHz (DDR2-800). DDR2-400 transfers 3200 MB/s. DDR2-800 transfers 6400
MB/s.
c. DDR3 – means Double Data Rate 3. In theory DDR3 is supposed to act twice
as fast as DDR2 memories. Thus DDR3 speeds range between 800 MHz
(DDR3-800) and 1600 MHz (DDR3-1600). DDR3-800 transfers 6400 MB/s;
DDR3-1600 transfers 12800 MB/s.
6. Expansion Bus - A bus is a data pathway between
several hardware components inside or outside a
computer (from the CPU to peripheral devices). It is
typically made up of a series of slots on the
motherboard It does not only connect the parts of the
CPU to each other, but also links the CPU with other
important hardware. Buses carry signals such as
data, memory addresses, power and control signals
from component to component

 Buses found in the motherboard:

▪ The Back side bus connects the CPU
▪ The Memory bus connects the northbridge to the memory.
▪ The Front side bus (FSB) connects the CPU to the northbridge. FSB
speed can affect a computer's performance.
▪ The IDE bus connects the southbridge to the disk drives
▪ The AGP bus connects the video card to the memory and the CPU. It
focuses on graphics card only especially those that demand higher
bandwidth
▪ The PCI bus connects PCI slots to the southbridge. used to install sound
cards, graphic cards, ethernet cards,
▪ The ISA bus is used to install video card, network card and extra serial
port
7. MEMORY SLOT – Memory banks for RAM modules

O Single Channel (SIMM) – 1, 2, or 3 RAM modules and it should work perfectly

O Dual Technology (DIMM) - If only I bank is filled, some strength will be lost
from the module. To get the most of it, 2 banks need to be filled with the same
module types, from the same manufacturer with exactly the same memory
amounts.

8. CMOS BATTERY – Gives the board a small amount of power in order to store some
vital data (e.g. date and time) in the computer when the power is off. It keeps alive the
CMOS RAM chips even when the PC’s power is off. This prevents reconfiguration
when the PC is powered on.
9. CHIPSETS – a set of electronic components in an integrated circuit that manages
the data flow between the processor, memory and peripherals.

➢ NORTHBRIDGE (MEMORY CONTROLLER) – In charge of controlling

transfers between the processor and the RAM

➢ SOUTHBRIDGE (EXPANSION CONTROLLER) – handles communications

between peripheral devices; also handles things like the PCI bus, onboard
network and sound chips as well as the IDE and S-ATA buses.
10. IDE CONTROLLERS – A standard interface for connecting a motherboard to
storage devices such as hard drives and CD_ROM/DVD drives.

11. MOTHERBOARD POWER CONTROLLER - Used to get the electric energy from
the power supply which the motherboard requires to function properly
 WORKSHEET

Direction: Fill in the table. Name the picture shown in the first column then give
their function.

COMPONENT NAME FUNCTION

COMPONENT NAME FUNCTION
 PERFORMANCE TEST

Direction: Select one (1) from the following topics:

1. System Unit
2. Motherboard
3. CPU
4. RAM
5. Expansion Cards
6. Internal Peripheral Devices

Then create an INFORGRAPHIC for your chosen topic. An INFROGRAPHIC is a

visual representation of information or data. It is a collection of imagery, charts, and minimal
text that gives an easy-to-understand overview of a topic.

RUBRIC FOR INFOGRAPHIC

weight

Criteria Exceptional (4) Admirable (3) Marginal (2) Unacceptable (1)

 Appropriate  Most details  Few details  No details to

details support support main support main support main
main idea idea idea idea
 Accurate and  Accurate information  Lacking  Information
Content 50% detailed information for almost all subject accurate is not
 Information matter information accurate
adequately supports  Information is mostly  Inadequate  Information
purpose of visual adequate and information is not does not
supportive of visual’s clearly supportive support the
purpose of visual’s visual’s
purpose purpose
  Topic and title clear  Topic and title are  Topic and title  Topic and title
and easily identified mostly clear and difficult to identify are not clearly
 Main idea is easily identified  Main idea not identified
clearly  Main idea is clearly stated  No main idea
Focus 20%
appropriate to appropriate to topic  Few illustrations  Illustrations do
topic  Most illustrations complement not complement
 All illustrations complement purpose of visual purpose of visual
complement purpose purpose of visual
of visual
  Outstanding use of  Adequate use of  Inappropriate  Little attempt to
color, design, and color, design, use of color, use color, design
space and space design, and and space
Visual
20%  Original and  Design is adequate space appropriately
Ap- creative design  Overall design is  Design lacks  Design is dull
peal  Overall mostly pleasing creativity  Project has
design is and harmonious  Lack of sloppy
pleasing and harmonious appearance
harmonious design in
presentation
 Free of  Mostly free  Frequent  Too
grammatical of grammatical frequent
Mechanics 10% errors grammatical errors grammatical
 Words are legible errors  Presentation is errors
and pertinent to  Most words are illegible and  Distractive
topic legible and confusing elements
pertinent to topic make
illustration
ineffective
 SELF-CHECK ACTIVITY

Direction: IDENTIFICATION. Identify what is being referred to in each item.

1. It is a standard interface for connecting a motherboard to storage devices such

as hard drives and CD_ROM/DVD drives
2. It is a chipset that is in charge of controlling transfers between the processor
and the RAM
3. It is an expansion bus that connects the video card to the memory and the
CPU. It focuses on graphics card only especially those that demand higher
bandwidth
4. It is a type of microprocessor that uses a system of gold-plated copper pads
that make contact with the motherboard.
5. It is a type of RAM that transfers data twice per clock cycle.
6. It is an expansion card that enables a computer to connect to a network such
as a home network or the Internet.
7. It gives the board a small amount of power in order to store some vital data (e.g.
date and time) in the computer when the power is off.
8. It leverages a thermal conductor to move the heat into fins and thus disperse
the heat throughout the computer.
9. It is a type of memory modules wherein if only I bank is filled, some strength will
be lost from the module.
10. It contains one or more mechanical components providing mechanical and
electrical connections between the CPU and the PCB that allows for placing
and replacing the CPU without soldering.
REFERENCES
LAB MANUAL BASICS OF COMPUTER HARDWARE AND NETWORKING
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/