NAME: Rodora J.

Castro
COURSE: MAED 301 RESEARCH METHODS APPLIED TO EDUCATION MGT.
SECTION: 4TH -B
PROFESSOR: Dr. Salvacion J. Mopas

Qualitative Research
1. Why is it said that qualitative research does not follow a series of steps in a
linear fashion?
ANSWER
This is because qualitative researchers try to always remain open to new
insights during a single research study. This is essential for exploration.
Also, qualitative researchers tend to collect some data, analyze those
data, and then continue this cycle until some closure is obtained. When a
researcher stays in the field for an extended period of time he or she tends
to begin with the inductive mode of the scientific method but then goes
into the deductive or testing mode and then engaging in the inductive--
deductive cycle over time. Qualitative research is rigorous and systematic,
but it is also a fluid and changing process as the researcher continually
constructs an understanding of the phenomenon being studied. We tried
to depict the qualitative research process as a non-linear system

2. Why is qualitative research important in educational research?

ANSWER
If you look again at the two major scientific methods (inductive and
deductive) and the objectives of science, you will notice the importance of
theory generation and exploration. Qualitative research is especially
strong in describing and exploring phenomena and generating tentative
explanations. Furthermore, qualitative research is very helpful in adding
new dimensions of understanding (e.g., understanding groups from the
insider’s perspective, understanding the importance of local context,
studying complicated processes that occur over time, etc.). We take a
 “mixed research” view, and believe that both qualitative and quantitative
research help each other in understanding the world. They are
complementary approaches to research.

3. Compare and contrast the four (4) main approaches to qualitative research:
Phenomenology, Ethnography, Case Study and Grounded Theory

Quantitative (Non-experimental
1. Describe the limitations of the simple cases and casual comparative and
correlational research.
In causal comparative research the researcher cannot assign participant to
treatment groups because they are already in those groups. One of the
problems with causal comparative research is that since the pupil are not
randomly placed in the groups, the groups can differ on other variables that
may have an effect on the dependent variable.
The major disadvantage of correlational designs is that they leave the
actual reason for the association found quite unclear.
2. Explain the difference between direct effect and indirect effect.

ANSWER
 The path model has two types of effects.  The first is the direct effect, and
the second is the indirect effect.  When the exogenous variable has an
arrow directed towards the dependent variable, then it is said to be the
direct effect.  When an exogenous variable has an effect on the dependent
variable, through the other exogenous variable, then it is said to be an
indirect effect.  To see the total effect of the exogenous variable, we have
to add the direct and indirect effect.  One variable may not have a direct
effect, but it may have an indirect effect as well.
NOTE:
Exogenous and endogenous variables: Those where no error points
towards them, except the measurement error term. If exogenous variables
are correlated to each other, then a double headed arrow will connect
those variables.  Endogenous variables may have both the incoming and
outgoing arrows.
3. Compare and contrast cross-sectional research, longitudinal research and
retrospective research