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NURSING EDUCATION AND MODELS OF TEACHING

UNIT 1
FOUNDATION FOR NURSING EDUCATION

Gugsa Nemera
(BSC, MScN, Assistant Prof, PhD fellow)
Jimma University
School of Nursing
 Objective
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To introduce foundations of nursing education

 Foundations of nursing education
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 Experience

 Research

 It exist, not in vacuum

 Imperfect sense
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 Profession VS professionalism
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Profession
❖ An occupation that requires
❑ Extensive education

❑ Special knowledge

❑ Skill

❑ Preparation

Professionalization
❖ Process of becoming professional
 Nursing as profession
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❑ Began with a genuine desire to serve and care for others,

combined with a sense of compassion and commitment

Essence of nursing
❑ Unconditional love for mankind

Calling as a nurse
❑ Difficult to describe in words.

❑ Nothing as fulfilling or rewarding

❑ An honor – a profession of the highest realm

 Criteria for professions
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1. Abody of knowledge on which skills and services are based

2.An ability to deliver a unique service to other humans

3. Standardized Education based in colleges and universities

4.Control of standards for practice
5.Career commitment by members
6.Responsibility and accountability of members for their own
actions
7.Independent functions
8.An active and solid professional organization
9.Recognized social worth and contribution
Professions vs. Occupations
Professions
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 College or University
 Prolonged education
 Mental creativity
 Decisions based on science or
theoretical constructs
 Values, beliefs & ethics integral
part of preparation
 Strong commitment
 Autonomous
 Unlikely to change professions
 Commitment greater than $
reward
 Individual accountability
Occupations
 On the job training
 Length varies
 Largely manual work
 Guided decision making
 Values, beliefs & ethics not part
of preparation
 Commitment may vary
 Supervised
 Often change jobs
 Motivated by $ reward
 Employer is primarily accountable
 Nursing science
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Science

 A unified body of knowledge about phenomena

that is supported by evidence

 Activity that combines research and theory

(Meleis,1999 )

 Science = Research + Theory( Powers and Knapp,1995)

 Nursing science
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❖ Body of knowledge dealing with human, health, and

environment

❖ Comprises paradigms, frame works, and theories

❖ Has both practical and theoretical aspects

❖ Its development challenged by history

 Historical perspectives of nursing: Pre-Civilization
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 Belief that god and evil spirits bring health or

illness

 Physician as medicine man

 Nurse as mother caring for family

 Historical perspectives of nursing: Beginning of Civilization
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 Belief that illness is caused by sin and gods’

displeasure

 Temples were centers of medical care

 Priest as physician

 Nurse viewed as slave carrying out menial tasks

ordered by priests
 Historical perspectives of nursing: Beginning of 16th Century
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 Focus on religion replaced by focus on warfare

 Exploration and expansion of knowledge

 Shortage of nurses: criminals recruited

 Nursing considered disreputable

 Historical perspectives of nursing:18th–19th Century
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 Hospital schools organized Female nurses under

control of male hospital administrators and
physicians

 Male dominance of health care

 Nursing becomes respected occupation

 Modern methods in nursing education founded

 Historical perspectives of nursing: World War II
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 Explosion of knowledge in medicine and technology

 Efforts to upgrade nursing education

 Historical perspectives of nursing :1950s to Present:
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 Varied healthcare settings developed

 Nursing broadened in all areas

 Growth of nursing as a profession

 Nursing’s Code of Ethics was revised in 2001 to

reflect current ethical issues

 Nursing curriculum and education emphasized

 Nursing as a discipline
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 Nursing as “practice discipline” and learned

profession
 Discipline, content and learner should be
combined in education
 Discipline
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1. A distinct way of viewing all phenomena, which ultimately

defines the limits and nature of its inquiry
2. A value system organized as an instructive community
3. Communities of scholars voluntarily working together around a
focused and unique social need or concern
4. Imaginatively creates and uses specialized networks, methods,
and materials
5. Employ specific knowledge and skills
 Discipline
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 Generic descriptors of all disciplines set by education

theorists (King and Brownell -1976) for treatment of
curriculum issues are
 Community of scholars
 Focused on a unique social need
◼ Fundamental

◼How unique discipline offers a unique way of viewing

human concerns
 Specialized network
 Specific knowledge and skill
 Contains a value system
 Has an established instructive community
 Nursing unique focus
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 Nursing metaparadigm
 The most global perspective of a discipline acting
as an encapsulating unit or framework within which
the more restricted structures develop
 The four components are:
 Nursing
 Health’
 Person
 Environment
 Philosophies that influence nursing education
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 Ideas underlying ways of teaching/instructing

 Summary
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 Nursing is “practice discipline” and learned

profession(science )
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