i

“CULTURAL TOURISM IN NEPAL”

An Analysis of Popularity and Tourists Attractions Towards “KUMARI”,

The Living Goddess of Nepal

Thesis Report

Submitted to Global Academy of Tourism and Hospitality Education (GATE)

Affiliated to Hotelleresuisse Swiss Hotel Association (SHA)

Budanilkantha, Mandikhatar, Kathmandu, Nepal

In the Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

GATE-SHA Higher Diploma in Hotel and Restaurant Management

(GATE-SHA HDH &RM)

By

Sanisha Pujari

SHMD: 8780916

GATE College

Mandikhatar, Kathmandu, Nepal

Date of Submission:

11th August, 2019

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DECLARATION

I, hereby, declare that the Thesis Report entitled, “Cultural Tourism in

Nepal; An Analysis of Popularity and Tourists Attractions Towards

“KUMARI”, The Living Goddess of Nepal” submitted to GATE College,

affiliated to Hotelleriesuisse, is my original work done for the Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirement of the GATE-SHA Higher Diploma in Hotel and Restaurant

Management (GATE-SHA, HDH&RM).

…………………………….
Signature
Sanisha Pujari
11th August,2019

LETTER OF APPROVAL
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This is to certify that the Thesis Report submitted by Sanisha Pujari

entitled “Cultural Tourism in Nepal: An Analysis of Popularity and Tourists

Attractions Towards “KUMARI”, The Living Goddess of Nepal” has been

approved by the department in the prescribed format of the faculty of Tourism and

Hospitality Education.

Approved by:

Thesis Committee

........................................ ....................................
Date

........................................ ....................................
Date

....................................... ...................................
Date

LETTER OF RECOMMENDATION

It is hereby, I recommend for the approval of the thesis entitled “Cultural

Tourism in Nepal: An Analysis of Popularity and Tourists Attractions

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Towards “KUMARI”, The Living Goddess of Nepal” Ms. Sanisha Pujari has

prepared the Thesis under the guidance and supervision as a partial fulfillment of

the requirement for the Higher Diploma of Tourism and Hospitality Education.

Therefore, this Thesis has been recommended for its evaluation.

…………………………..

Mr. Dharma Raj Bhattarai

Thesis Supervisor

GATE, College

Mandikhatar, Kathmandu

Date: 11th August, 2019

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am very thankful to Mr. Dharma Raj Bhattarai for providing the guidance

to prepare this thesis report. I would like express my gratitude towards the GATE

College family, my friends and family who gave me continuous support and

encouraged me to work hard. I would like to opportunity to thank Mr. Sachin

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Shrestha and Bishnu Magar for providing their support and suggestion to complete

this Report.

ABSTRACT

Nepal is a beautiful country rich and diverse in natural

and cultural resources which is in its developmental phase and is full of potentiality

in tourism sector. The study examines the better understanding of the culture

among the country. Understanding the capability of tourist attraction through

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culture and tradition. Studying possible ways to attract tourist through the unique

culture of “the living goddess”. A descriptive and explanatory study will be

carried out among that the explanatory research design will be used to understand

the popularity and attraction towards the living goddess-KUMARI. On the other

hand descriptive research design will be used to describe the cultural tourism in

Nepal. Data will be collected through interview technique and analysis will be

performed. The outcome will be useful for the knowledge of living goddess kumari

and its attraction.

Nepal is a country with an abundance of historic, cultural and diverse

ethnic traditions, which could attract tourists from every corner of the world. The

county holds tremendous opportunities for the development of cultural tourism but

it is lagging behind due to the lack of abundant resources. Towards the brighter

prospects, these resources are in the process of being established and hopefully will

take the cultural tourism of Nepal to a new height.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE……………………………………………………………………i

LETTER OF DECLARATION……………………………………………………ii

LETTER OF APPROVAL………………………………………………………..iii

LETTER OD RECOMMENDATION……………………………………………iv
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ACKNOLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………v

ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………..vi

CHAPTER: I INTRODUCTION……………………………………................. 1-7

1.1 Background of the Study.....................................................................................1- 3

1.2 Statement of problem…………………………………………………………….4

1.3 Objectives of the study……………………………………………………….......4

1.4 Significance of the study…………………………………………………………5

1.5 Limitation of the study…………………………………………………………..6

1.6 Chapter plan……………………………………………………………………..6

CHAPTER:II LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………………7-11

CHAPTER :II RESEARCH METHODOLOGY……………………………12-14

3.1 Research Design………………………………………………………………12

3.2 Source of data…………………………………………………………………13

3.3 Population and sample…………………………………………………………13

3.4 Data collection tools………………………………………………………….14

3.4.1 Structured Questionnaire……………………………………14

3.4.2 Interview……………………………………………………14

3.4.3DifferentPublications……………………………………………14

3.5 Data collection procedure…………………………………………………….14

3.6 Data Analysis Procedure…………………………………………………….14

CHAPTER: IV PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA………15-34

4.1 Survey about The Cultural Tourism in Nepal……………………………...15

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4.2 Respondent's Profile……………………………………………………16-31

4.2.1Respondent’s profile by their Gender……………………………………16

4.2.2Respondent’s Profile by their Age Group…………………………….....17

4.2.3Respondents who have seen Living Goddess……………………………18

4.2.4Respondent from where they heard about kumara……………………….19

4.2.5Respondent who believe in culture of living goddess……………………20

4.2.6 Respondent response on promoting culture……………………………. 21

4.2.7 Respondents response on tourist attraction by kumara …………………22

4.2.8 Respondent response on measures to promote kumara culture…………23

4.2.9 Respondent response on understanding of the culture………………… 24

4.2.10 Respondent response on possible ways to attract tourist…………….. 25

4.2.11 respondent response on cultural tourism in Nepal…………………… 26

4.2.12 Respondent response on tourist attraction through culture………….. 27

4.2.13 Respondent response on ways to attract tourist ………………………28

4.2.14 Kumari culture is saving the heritage and tradition of the country …..29

4.2.15 The capability of tourist attraction by the culture of the Living Goddess… 30

4.2.16 When was kumari culture started and why it was started? …………..31

4.3Major Findings……………………………………………………….....32-33

CHAPTER: V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDAT… 34-35

5.1 Summary…………………………………………………………………….34

5.2 Conclusion………………………………………………………………35
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5.3 Recommendation……………………………………………………………35

References…………………………………………………………………….36-37

Questionnaires………………………………………………………………..38-39

List of Tables
Table 4.2.1 Respondent’s profile by their Gender
Table 4.2.2 Respondent’s Profile by their Age Group
Table 4.2.3 Respondents who have seen Living Goddess
Table 4.2.4 Respondent from where they heard about kumara
Table 4.2.5 Respondent who believe in culture of living goddess
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Table 4.2.6 Respondent response on promoting culture

Table 4.2.6 Respondent response on promoting culture
Table 4.2.7 Respondents response on tourist attraction by kumara
Table 4.2.8 Respondent response on measures to promote kumara culture
Table 4.2.9 Respondent response on understanding of the culture
Table 4.2.10 Respondent response on possible ways to attract tourist
Table 4.2.11 respondent response on cultural tourism in Nepal
Table 4.2.12 Respondent response on tourist attraction through culture
Table 4.2.13 Respondent response on ways to attract tourist

List of figure
Figure no. 4.2.1 Gender of respondents
Figure no. 4.2.2 Age group of respondents
Figure no.4.2.3 Number of people who have seen Living Goddess
Figure no.4.2.4 Heard about Living Goddess Kumari
Figure no.4.2.5 People believe in the culture of Living Goddess
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Figure no.4.2.6 People promoting culture of Kumari

Figure no.4.2.7 Able to attract tourist from the culture of Kumari
Figure no.4.2.8 Measure to promote Kumari culture
Figure no.4.2.9 Why we should have better understanding of culture
Figure no.4.2.10 Possible ways to attract tourist
Figure no.4.2.11 Problems of cultural tourism in Nepal
Figure no.4.2.12 Tourists attractions through culture and tradition in Nepal
Figure no.4.2.13 Possible ways to attract tourists through living goddess
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CHAPTER: I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

The word the travel industry is gotten from the French word called
“Tourisme” which was presented in nineteen century in English lexicon. It intends
to visit and travel. It is the procedure of transitory development is a specific goal that
is taken by person from one spot which eventually finishes at a similar spot from
where voyage was begun. It is phenomenom of human character identified with visit
and going at a specific region, area, destination and so on the off chance that an
individual, travel with no reason then that individual isn’t identified with the travel
industry and furthermore not classifications as traveler.
As indicated by the Herman Van in 1910,”Tourism can be characterized as a
similar aggregate of tasks which is for the most part of monetary in nature that is
straight forwardly related with section, remain and development of vacationers
starting with one spot then onto the next inside or outside the specific city, nation or
locale.”

Nepal is a country with rich the movement business potential. Beside its great
ordinary eminence and scene, the country is rich social explorers around the globe to
make their trip to Nepal. Disregarding the way that Nepal is a little country it is
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different in monetary and physical features. These features help the country to pull a
wide extent of visitors from around the globe to its basic wonders, shocking scenes,
spared culture and cold, mountains. Nepal holds noticeable quality as the home of
Mount Everest and Lord Buddha, the pastor of agreement. Nation of exceptional
societies, many known as a living goddess-Kumari. With the correct advancement and
procedures, the nation could pull in more sightseers and make them remain longer.

The word kumara originates from the old east Indian language of Sanskrit and
signifies "little youngster, virgin". All through India, Nepal, and other district of
South Asia there is a solid and longstanding custom convention proof of kumara love
goes back to the starting points of India's most seasoned sacred text, the Veda(circa
2000bce) in which prepubescent young ladies are adored as manifestation (avatara) of
the heavenly female, called Devi or Sakti. During the hindu celebration of Navaratri
or Nine Nights, it is as yet a typical practice to choose little youngsters to exemplify
the goddess as kumaris for the course of the
celebration. There are additionally real focuses of
kumara practice at the Indian sanctuaries of
Kamakhya, Assam; Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu;
Devi, Punjabi and Karani Mata, Rajasthan; just as a
few sanctuaries in the Kathmandu valley, Nepal.
While the conventions at every one of these locales
have their remarkable accounts and practices, the all
offer in like manner the understanding that the
custom love of select youthful virgin young lady
makes conceivable the plunge to earth of the
heavenly ladylike nearness. This part centers around the kumara convention and
estimation of the Kathmandu valley, Nepal as they are among the most grounded and
most completely reported of the numerous South Asian kumara customs.

Eleven kumaris live in the Kathmandu valley, spread all through the three
essential urban areas every previous kingdom of Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur.
The particular focal point of this section is the Raj or Royal kumara of Kathmandu.
While in times past there were additionally imperial kumaris in Patan and Bhaktapur,
the Raj Kumari of Kathmandu has been the national Kumari since the unification the
Kathmandu Valley in the eighteenth century under King Prithivi Narayan Shah.
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Therefore, the establishment of the Kathmandu Raj Kumaris has gotten essential
reverence, intrigue and investigation of the Nepalese dedicated and researchers alike
in ongoing decades and gives an incredible contextual investigation for kumara
customs in Nepal, yet all through South Asia all in all.

The start of the 21st century has been a complex and significantly intriguing
time with regards to the historical backdrop of the Kathmandu Raj Kumari in light of
the fact that Nepalese authority, the organization that built up the Kumari custom,
turned into a landmark of the past. On May 28, 2008, Nepal authoritatively settled
itself as a parliament majority rule government with the main gathering of the
constituent get together and the venturing down the previous ruler Gyanendra. This
demise of Hindu government in Nepal was one critical result of a Maoist-drove
twelve-year common war that took more than 13000 lives all through the nation and
prompted colossal political, social, and social change. In the wake of this war, there
rose a solid and developing antireligious assessment among numerous Nepalese who
came to acknowledge the position that religion especially the Hindu and Buddhist
religions polished by Nepal's rulers over the previous hundreds of years had been an
instrument of monetary, political, social and social strength by the world class.

This slant was no spot more apparent than in the incomparable court case that
required a conclusion to the organization of the illustrious Kumaris. From the point of
view of the nonreligious in Nepal, the Kumari is the living fossil of out of date
organization connected to political and monetary frameworks of constraint. From the
point of view of the dependable, the kumara is the preeminent goddess, called by
numerous names yet most prominently known as Ma Durga. It is this last point of
view of confidence and dedication that this section tries to guide out.

The sensible initial phase in such manner is an examination of the goddess

most every now and again related to the nepalaese Kumari: Taleju. The word taleju is
gotten from the indigeneous Newar language and deciphers around as the "Goddess of
the high sanctuary" which shows her status as the picked god of Nepalese lord going
back to the fourteenth century when this goddess likely right off the bat moved to
Nepal from northern India. For what reason was taleju turned around by nepal's above
all else? The response to this significant inquiry incompletely lives in her being
recognized as a specific goddess, yet as Maha Devi, the incredible goddess, and in
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this manner, as indicated by the custom, boundless in power. Specifically, Taleju is

usually distinguished as the "furious spread of Durga," one of the most well known
types of the extraordinary goddess in South Asia. Durga is loved in homes and
sanctuaries going from the southern tip of Kerala in India to the Himalayas of Nepal.
Though numerous types of the perfect female in South Asia have quite certain and
consequently restricted forces, Durga is comprehended to be the epitome all things
considered. Her creation fantasy, related in the Devimahatmya, accentuates this very
point.

During a time quite a while in the past, the Devimahatmya educates its group
of spectators, the divine beings were occupied with a fight with a horrendous evil
spirit named mahisa who got, through repentance, the shelter of strength from the
maker god, Brahma. Accordingly, no single god could overcome him and mahisa,
driven by the want control, was rapidly getting to be master of all the three universes.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Nepal’s combination of world class natural and cultural tourism products and
attraction are well suited for tourism. Kumari is taken out of the kumari ghar once in a
year which is known as indrajatra. In this jatra, many problem can be seen and occur.
Enough police forces are not provided for the management and control of the crowd
while jatra so the management of the crowd is not good. As the infrastructure of our
country is not good so there is problem while jatra to run it smoothly and for the
control so lots of people get injured while it is going on. Youngster may fight for the
unnecessary reason. Guards are not provided for the jatra to run peacefully.

1.2 Objectives of the Study

The general objective of the study is to explore about the popularity and
tourists attractions towards the living goddess Kumari in Nepal. The specific objective
includes:

 To discuss about the better understanding of the culture.

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 To study about the possible ways to attract tourist through the unique culture
of “the living goddess”.
 To analyze the capability of tourist attraction through culture and tradition.
 To discuss factor to promote cultural tourism and what measures can be taken
in order to ensure its promotion.

1.3 Significance of the Study

This study deals with the popularity and tourists attractions towards the living
goddess Kumari. This study has some significance such as;

 To understand the perspective of unique culture of “the living goddess” and its
impact on the tourism industry.
 This study was helpful for us to find out the influence of the kumari traditions
culture in tourism industry.
 This study helped how people from Nepal take culture as a factor to promote
tourism and what measures can be taken in order to ensure its promotion.

1.5 Limitation of the Study

This study was conducted within time constraint; therefore the findings or the
analysis of the data may not totally represent the popularity and tourists attraction
towards the living goddess. The study has some limitations such as;

 The study was completed with a short period of time therefore result may
inaccurate in some cases.
 The sample size was small due to time constraint and limited resources so, it
did not represent the whole population.
 The study was conducted within the limited budget and therefore it did not
cover all the aspects of the study.
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1.6 Chapter Plan

The research is divided into different parts. The preliminary part contains
cover page, table of contents followed by different chapters and last part includes
references. There are five main chapters in this research.

1.6.1 Introduction

Chapter one includes the background of the study and introduction of the
study area. The chapter also includes the research problem, objectives of the research
and limitations of the study.

1.6.2 Review of Literature

Chapter two contains review of literature. A review of literature is done in this

chapter. Literature about popularity and tourists attractions towards the living goddess
kumari.

1.6.3 Research Methodology

Chapter three includes research methodology. A methodology followed for the

research such as type of research, techniques of data collection is described in this
chapter.

1.6.4 Presentation and Analysis of Data

Chapter four includes the interpretation and the analysis of the data obtained
through survey, interview and other different methods. It is the systematic
arrangement or presentation of the data using appropriate statistical tools.

1.6.5 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

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Lastly, chapter five contains results, summary, conclusion, recommendation

and references at the end of this research. Recommendation will be based on the
findings of the research.

CHAPTER: II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A literature review is a text of scholarly paper which includes the current

knowledge including substantive findings as well as theoretical and methodological
contributions to a particular topic. Literature reviews are secondary sources and do
not report new or the original experimental works.

Bhat, R. K. R. (2016). LIVING GODDESS KUMARI ITS SIGNIFICANCE

TO HINDUS IN NEPAL & BIBLICAL RESPONSE. Kumari is considered in hindu
religious philosophy as a goddess of magnificence and quality, in a wide sense.
Adoring kumara has been a multi year old custom in the hindu segment of the Indian
sun-landmass. No big surprise, hindus of Nepal likewise revere kumara as one of the
goddess of Shakta order. in contrast to some other hindu network on the planet, since
the thirteenth century, the newars of the Kathmandu Valley have been venerating
goddess kumara in the most extraordinary structure that is, revering a young lady tyke
as the goddess, that is additionally having been chosen from a Buddhist family. This
is the reason; this custom has been drawing consideration of the Buddhists, hindus
and others around the world.

In the medieval period, as the Newar development fell under the control of
hindu rulers, and they additionally were pulled in by spiritualist ceremonies of
tantraism, religion of loving Kumari drew "regal" consideration. In the manner,
Kumari picked up the situation of being the prime divinity to be loved by the Malla
lords in the period between thirteenth to seventeenth century. Along these lines, a
yearly chariot celebration of the Kumari young lady was started and an adorned
structure was fabricated only by the imperial royal residence as a habitation for the
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Kumari. Actually, there are around twelve Kumaris in the Kathmandu Valley
altogether.

Bhandari, K. (2010). Tourism in Nepal: post-monarchy challenges. Journal of

Tourism and Cultural Change. Researchers have characterized culture from numerous
points of view and from a wide range of viewpoints. Beyond what 500 meanings of
culture can be found. Oxford word reference characterizes culture as "the traditions
and convictions, craftsmanship, lifestyle and social association of a specific nation or
gathering" (Oxford Dictionary) though Cambridge English Dictionary expresses that
culture is, "the lifestyle, particularly the general traditions and convictions, of a
specific gathering of individuals at a specific time" (Cambridge Dictionary). Both of
these definitions essentially attempt to express a similar in general importance. In
more extensive sense culture can be characterized as the collection of social properties
made and created by a given country or individuals, as an impression of their
qualities, their way of life, and the fundamental components guaranteeing their
survival.

In view of the attributes of the regular habitat and impacted by its social and
chronicled includes every country or ethnic gathering makes its own arrangement of
specific social properties and qualities. So culture is the main component that
recognizes the different people groups of the world from each other. One factor that
can't be disregarded here is that culture is related from various perspectives with the
lives and exercises of individuals; subsequently, the basic idea of man and society can
be seen through culture. As culture is associated with numerous parts of human and
public activity, plainly the travel industry as a functioning region of human action that
can't be taken independently from culture.

Bhat, R. K. R. (2016). LIVING GODDESS KUMARI ITS SIGNIFICANCE

TO HINDUS IN NEPAL & BIBLICAL RESPONSE. This paper is tied in with
Living Goddess Kumari in Kathmandu Nepal. Kumari a living goddess known as a
watchman god for Hindus. A virgin young lady is being adored through living
goddess from hundreds of years back. The lord accepted she awards control for him to
run the show. A customary people accepted on Kumari for security from otherworldly
and physical powers. It is a solidified conviction among Hindus that she is viewed as
manifestation of Kali goddess. It has long history of folklore inside vedic religion, the
 9

legend turned into the religious conviction. The virgin young lady who is from age of
three - four until her pubescence she is loved as living god.

It has verifiable importance that the lord began the training from the seventeen
century authoritatively known.1 This exploration work will follow out the beginning
of the legends on Kumari, and the foundation and explanation for love, continuous
basic social practice. The examination of the fantasy will be done, in emotional and
evaluative mode. At that point essayist recommend the Biblical reaction to the
Kumari enthusiasts by giving the idea of God as maker has pledge to his creation to
ensure and arrangement. The center quintessence of legend coming extremely close to
profound fighting through power experience will be introduced as a component of
Biblical reaction. The paper will finish up with idea of God's affection and association
with him overrides for essential human aching for divinity for any reasons. It isn't the
dread that stifles and draws individuals into god however the adoration that spreads
one to come nearer, that is strikingly uncovered in the Christian confidence.

“Kumari goddess” (Accessed November 12, 2016). The way of life and
religion part of Nepal unfurls that the conviction of Kumari depends on antiquated
folklore. The practices is trailed by adoring to virgin young lady by paying dedication
as type of female goddess. Its cause and improvement has long history, profoundly
established in Hindu getting gods. The epistemologically Kumari implies a virgin, the
word originated from Sanskrit Kaumarya implies princess.2 In this setting Kumari
Devi the living goddess that is adored from the age of three to five until she reaches to
her pubescence. She is accepted as the indications of awesome vitality who is the
female goddess durga devi, living goddess thought began when trantricism was
rehearsed profoundly in those days in Kathmandu Valley.

The Trantrism or trantras is comprehended as mystery, and oral educating

from educator to understudies through a progression of reviewed commencements,
more on to course of self-acknowledgment exhaustive a unitive experience with a
definitive reality. Kumari as per Hindu Mythology According to religious and social
history of Nepal the Kumari legend bears long custom in the Hindu conviction.
Isabella Tree clarifies in her expounding on living goddess that the substance of love
of virgin as devi in Indian could be followed back to pre-Vedic time.
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The goddess known as a Kumari that the word in this setting implies a pre-
menstrual, unmarried young lady came into start appears to have been towards
recently Vedic period (c. 1000-500 bc), Mahabharata epic utilized the word Kumari
where Durga the incredible warrior evaporated the evil presence Mhisasura.5 The idea
of richness customs that originates from the cultic influence of mother goddess was
accepted as of now. The possibility of all inclusive mother and her different angles,
for example, sustaining kid carrier, warrior, hero to matured lady, all are the sign of
the equivalent innovative and regenerative powers is the one that has raised the love
of female.

“Living Goddess Kumari,” Accessed November 20, 2016. The Vedas

discusses the position and jobs of Kumaris in different conditions of their life. Being
female divinities, she has control from goddess of warrior. Along these lines,
individuals pruned to dedicate themselves to her, so as to acquire the defensive power.
This old portrayal gives that the love to Kumari as living human is seen in eighth
century in Indian Buddhist content.

This content depicts a significance and motivation to regard Kumari so as to

be venerate. This religious content is about young lady's immaculateness as far as
being both free from transgression and free from contaminating substances like
menstrual blood, the crediting that the semi-divine, these kanya virgin young ladies
are believed to be progressively serene, better carried on and intrigued by custom
execution at a more youthful age.7 This training ended up well known in India and
Nepal.

At that point the Tantra called Samvaroday was created in Nepal around
eleventh century, that portrays the selecting and administering Kumari practice.8 It
likewise depicts the dress with red shading, images of mandala, as to get ready to
Kumari. While trantric practice ended up regular by tenth and eleventh hundreds of
years love to Kumaris and regard her as perfect developed in widly.

“History in Nepal Kumari,” Accessed November 13, 2016, Deepak

Simkhada, “The Future of Nepal’s “Living” Goddess: Myths on Kumari - Malla
King’s interest of Tripasa and Taleju. The way of life history gives us this data about
the folklore on Kumari. There are three fantasies related inside Malla lords. The first
is that the King Jayaprakash Mall played the tripasa a shakers with the goddess
 11

Taleju. A female goddess called Taleju, used to come in the night so as to play dice
with King. One night when lord's better half observed him alongside Taleju, at that
point goddess got enraged. Taleju advised to ruler that she would not return any
longer. Or maybe, she inquired as to whether you need to secure your nation, discover
a young lady from Shakay faction of Newari, Taleju would manifest in her. Since, at
that point, Jayaprakash Malla began this arrangement of revering virgin young lady as
a living god.

Similarly second fantasy on Kumari and lord comes during sixteenth century
Trailokya Malla played shakers with Taleju, while talking about the welfare of the
nation. One night ruler fall in desire and made sexual association with goddess Taleju,
at that point she in anger ceased to visit the royal residence. After this ruler lamented
and adored and argued her to return, at that point, goddess consented to uncover
herself in body of the virgin girl.10 The third legend that the history specialist
depicted about the act of living Goddess during time of King Pratap Mall about
seventeenth century. He used to play dice stealthily with goddess of Taleju, while
playing ruler developed into the indecent idea, because of this, Taleju vanished right
away. At that point she appeared to lord in a fantasy and guided him to set up a
youthful Buddhist young lady whom to venerate so as to favor him with solidarity to
his standard.
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CHAPTER: III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research methodological aspect is a procedure used in making systematic

observation, obtaining data evidence or information as part of a research project or
study.

To know in-depth information about the topic the researcher discussed with
the professional related for several times and other related secondary information. For
the preparation of the report data was collected from the both the primary as well as
the secondary sources which included; text books, research articles, journals and
related website links. This chapter contains a brief description of methodology that a
researcher used to fulfill the research objectives at various stages of the research.

3.1 Research Design

A research design is a plan of the proposed research work. A research model

or design represents a compromise dictated by mainly practical considerations.
Research design is a research plan providing guidelines to researcher to get answer of
the research objectives and to help control experimental and error variance of a
particular research problem.

The researcher used both explanatory as well as descriptive research design. In

the study the explanatory research design was used to understand the popularity and
 13

attraction towards the living goddess-KUMARI. On the other hand descriptive

research design was used to describe the cultural tourism in Nepal.

3.2 Source of Data

A per the need of the study the researcher used both the primary as well as the
secondary source of data. The data collected from these sources was both qualitative
as well as quantitative. The data was collected through original research such as
census data, sampling, journals, articles and records of the tourism board, chef
association etc.

3.3 Population and Sample

The researcher took sample from the living goddess of Kathmandu valley. The
researcher interviewed the ex-living goddess-KUMARI. The number of the sample
size was be near to 1.

3.4 Data Collection Tools

The researcher adopted research methods as per the need of the study such as
research objectives, types to the data required for the research. The researcher used
the following data collection technique to collect primary data.

3.4.1 Structured Questionnaire:

The researcher prepared questionnaire containing both the open and close
question. Questionnaire was given to the ex-living goddess of the Kathmandu Valley
and they were asked to fill the questionnaire in order to fulfill the data requirement of
the researcher.
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3.4.2 Interview:

The researcher interviewed the participants in order to collect first hand data.
Interview was scheduled as per the objective of the study containing both open and
close-ended questions.

3.4.3 Different Publications:

The researcher collected data from different books and the published articles
in the magazine and websites and also from journals.

3.5 Data Collection Procedure

Data was collected through both primary and secondary sources; in case of the
primary data will be collected through structured questionnaire, interview and
different publication. These collected data was both qualitative and quantitative. The
researcher prepared questionnaire to collect opinion from the different respondents.
Both open and closed-ended questions was framed. Interview questions was prepared
according to the objective of the study to collect first hand data. Different articles,
journals and books will be considered in order to collect second hand data.

3.6 Data Analysis Procedure

The qualitative data was collected, coded and tabulated and interpreted in the
appropriate formats. Different statistical tools were used if necessary to compare the
data obtain from the field survey. Primary data was processed in the percentage of
total response. The result obtained from the questionnaire and the interview methods
presented in the tabular formats.
 15

CHAPTER: IV

PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

This chapter has discussed the presentation, analysis as well as researcher’s

interpretation of data which were drawn from different sources in order to justify
and fulfill the research objectives. Hence, this chapter also contains many tables
and figures to feed the purpose of the quantitative data based on the results of the
questionnaire. Similarly, the qualitative data obtained from interview have been
interpreted qualitatively.

4.1 Survey about Cultural Tourism in Nepal

As a part of the thesis, the author had conducted a small survey herself among 10
people who knows the cultural values and have better understanding of culture. The
survey included basic questions regarding their views upon the present state of
culture and tradition according to their perspective. It provides simple and straight
insights of the people. The author has prepared a report based on this survey. For the
purpose of survey, the author used Google Forms services which is an online free
service provided by Google Inc. This helped author in saving time, cost and work as
well as simple multiple choice questions and 3 subjective questions were presented
to the local people. The survey was conducted among 20 people who have better
understanding of culture and knows the past history.
 16

4.2 Respondent’s profile

Table 4.2.1 Respondent’s profile by their Gender

Row Labels Sum of frequency Sum of number

female 10 50.00%
male 10 50.00%
Grand Total 20 100.00%

(Source: Field Survey, 2019)

Gender

female
male
50% 50%

Figure no. 4.2.1 Gender of respondents

 17

The above pie chart states the information about the gender participated in

the survey. As a result, in the category of male and female, the majority of the

participants were from the both equal gender, which display 50%-50%. Finally, both

male and female have equal participation on the survey.

Table 4.2.2 Respondent’s Profile by their Age Group

Row Labels Sum of frequency Sum of number

18 2 10.00%
19 1 5.00%
20 4 20.00%
21 5 25.00%
22 6 30.00%
24 1 5.00%
25 1 5.00%
Grand Total 20 100.00%

(Source: Field Survey, 2019)

Age
35.00%
30.00%
30.00%
25.00%
25.00%
20.00%
20.00% Total

15.00%
10.00%
10.00%
5.00% 5.00% 5.00%
5.00%

0.00%
18 19 20 21 22 24 25
 18

Figure no. 4.2.2 Age group of respondents

The above bar diagram states the information about the age group

participated in the survey. As a result, the majority of the participants were from the

22 group of age, which displays 30%. As well as the 25% and 20% was of age group

20 and 21. The age groups of 18, 19, 24 and 25 was also participated but least in

percent. Therefore, the highest number of participants was from 22 age as seen in

the pie-chart.

Table 4.2.3 Respondents who have seen Living Goddess

Row Labels Sum of frequency Sum of percent

no 5 20.00%
yes 15 80.00%
Grand Total 20 100.00%

(Source: Field Survey, 2019)

Living Goddess

20%

no
yes

80%

Figure no.4.2.3 Number of people who have seen Living Goddess

 19

The above pie chart shows the number of people who have seen living

goddess. The percentage of people who have seen living goddess was 80% where

as 20% have not seen the living goddess as my survey. But highest majority have

seen the living goddess.

Table 4.2.4 Respondent from where they heard about kumari

Row Labels Sum of frequency Sum of percent

Books and magazine 2 10.00%
Families 11 55.00%
Friends 4 20.00%
Social media 3 15.00%
Grand Total 20 100.00%

(Source: Field Survey, 2019)

Heard about Kumari

10%
15%

books and magazine

families
friends
20% social media

55%

Figure no.4.2.4 Heard about Living Goddess Kumari

 20

The above pie chart shows from where people heard about the Living

Goddess Kumari. By the survey we let to know that mostly people heard about

Kumari from family which is 55%. 20% of the respondent heard from friends

where as 15% of them heard from social media. From books and magazine very

less respomdent heard from it that is 10%.

Table 4.2.5 Respondent who believe in culture of living goddess

Row Labels Sum of frequency Sum of percent

May be 7 35.00%
No 0 0.00%
Yes 13 65.00%
Grand Total 20 100.00%

(Source: Field Survey, 2019)

Culture of living goddess

maybe
no
yes
50% 50%

Figure no.4.2.5 People believe in the culture of Living Goddess

 21

The above pie chart shows the number of people who believe in the culture of
living goddess. 50% of the people they believe in the culture of living goddess
according to my survey where as 50% of them may or may not believe on the culture
of living goddess. But none of the respondent did not said no, they don’t believe
which is 0% according to survey.

Table 4.2.6 Respondent response on promoting culture

Sum of
Row Labels Sum of frequency number
Articles and news 4 20.00%
Never letting its festival to fade away 15 75.00%
Women empowerment program 1 5.00%
Grand Total 20 100.00%

(Source: Field Survey, 2019)

Promote culture
5%
20%
articles and news
never letting its festival to
fade away
women empowerment
program

75%
 22

Figure no.4.2.6 People promoting culture of Kumari

The above pie chart shows the information about how the living goddess
culture can be promoted. The majority of the respondent that is 75% said by never
letting its festival fade away where as some respondent that is 20% said by its related
articles and news. But very least said that is 5% by organizing women empowerment
program.

Table 4.2.7 Respondents response on tourist attraction by Kumari

Row Labels Sum of frequency Sum of percent

No 0 0.00%
Yes 20 100.00%
Grand Total 20 100.00%

(Source: Field Survey, 2019)

Tourist attraction by kumari

no
yes

100%

Figure no.4.2.7 Able to attract tourist from the culture of Kumari

 23

The above pie chart shows the information about tourist attraction by kumari,
we can see that all the respondents answer is yes which is 100%, we are able to attract
tourist by the culture of living goddess.

Table 4.2.8 Respondent response on measures to promote kumara culture

Sum of Sum of
Row Labels frequency percent
Awareness program on importance of culture 5 25.00%
By preserving and following the culture 8 40.00%
Posting videos, history and photos on social
media 7 35.00%
Grand Total 20 100.00%

(Source: Field Survey, 2019)

Measures to promote Kumari

25% Awareness program on

35% importance of culture
By preserving and following
the culture
Posting videos, history and
photos on social media

40%
 24

Figure no.4.2.8 Measure to promote Kumari culture

The above pie chart states the information about the measure to promote
kumari culture. Most of the respondent that is 40% of them want to promote the
culture by preserving and following the culture. 35% of the respondent said by
posting videos, history and the photos on social media where as 25% want to promote
by organizing awareness program on importance of culture.

Table 4.2.9 Respondent response on understanding of the culture

Sum of Sum of
Row Labels frequency percent
Each culture group has unique strengths and perspectives that
the larger community can benefit from 12 60.00%
Help us overcome and prevent racial and ethnic division 4 20.00%
In order to build communities 4 20.00%
Grand Total 20 100.00%

(Source: Field Survey, 2019)

 25

Understanding of the culture

20%
Each cultural group has
unique strengths and
perspectives that the larger
community can benefit from
Help us overcome and prevent
racial and ethnic divisions
In order to build communities
20% 60%

Figure no.4.2.9 Why we should have better understanding of culture

The above pie chart shows illustrate the information about why we should
have better understanding of the culture. The majority of respondent that is 60% said
as each cultural group has unique strengths and perspectives that the larger
community can benefit from. 20% of them said it help us overcome and prevent racial
and ethnic divisions. Lastly, 20% said in order to build communities.

Table 4.2.10 Respondent response on possible ways to attract tourist

Row Labels Sum of frequency Sum of percent

Natural beauty 4 20.00%
Traditional food 0 0.00%
Unique culture and tradition 16 80.00%
Grand Total 20 100.00%

(Source: Field Survey, 2019)

 26

Ways to attract tourist

20%

natural beauty
traditional food
unique culture and tradition

80%

Figure no.4.2.10 Possible ways to attract tourist

The above pie chart shows the information about the possible ways to attract
tourist. The majorities of respondent that is 80% said we can attract tourist by unique
culture and tradition while 20% said we can attract tourist by natural beauty. But none
said by our traditional food.

Table 4.2.11 respondent response on cultural tourism in Nepal

Sum of Sum of
Row Labels frequency percent
Cultural deterioration 2 10.00%
Lack of effective tourism policies 5 25.00%
Lack of infrastructures like transportation etc in
culture rich areas 4 20.00%
Lack of promotion of culture to attract tourists 9 45.00%
Grand Total 20 100.00%

(Source: Field Survey, 2019)

 27

Cultural tourism in Nepal

10%

cultural deterioration
lack of effective tourism
policies
lack of infrastructures like
45% 25% transportation, the internet,
etc. in culture rich areas
lack of promotion of culture
to attract tourists

20%

Figure no.4.2.11 Problems of cultural tourism in Nepal

The above pie chat shows the information about the problems of cultural
tourism in Nepal. The major problem is lack of promotion of culture to attract tourists
that is 45% of respondents think where as 25% and 20% think due to lack of effective
tourism policies and lack of infrastructures like transportation, the internet, etc in
culture rich areas. There is not much problem in cultural deterioration which can be
seen in the above result of the survey.

Table 4.2.12 Respondent response on tourist attraction through culture

Row Labels Sum of frequency Sum of percent

Cultural dress 2 10.00%
Unique festival 18 90.00%
Varities of food 0 0.00%
Grand Total 20 100.00%

(Source: Field Survey, 2019)

 28

Tourists attraction
10%

cultural dress
unique festival
varities of food

90%

Figure no.4.2.12 Tourists attractions through culture and tradition in Nepal

The above pie chart shows the information of the tourists attraction through
culture and tradition in Nepal. Because of unique festival most of the tourist are
attracted as said by 90% of the respondent. 10% of the respondent think that because
of cultural dress.

Table 4.2.13 Respondent response on ways to attract tourist

Row Labels Sum of frequency Sum of percent

Documentary show 8 40.00%
Involvement of new generation 9 45.00%
Publicity of living goddess 3 15.00%
Grand Total 20 100.00%

(Source: Field Survey, 2019)

 29

Ways to attract tourists

15%

documentary show
40% involvement of new
generation
publicity of living goddess

45%

Figure no.4.2.13 Possible ways to attract tourists through living goddess

The above pie chart shows the information about the possible ways to attract
tourists through living goddess. Majority of the respondents think that by involvement
of the new generation we can attract tourist through culture of living goddess that is
45%. As well as 40% of the respondent think that by showing the documentary show
to the people tourist can be attracted whereas 15% thinks by the publicity of living
goddess tourist can be attracted.

4.2.14 Kumari culture is saving the heritage and tradition of the country. 20
responses
 As Kumari culture is also one of the tradition of our country it promotes the
tourism as well and save the culture for upcoming generation
 The only culture where females are treated as a god.
 Considered as the only living goddess in the world brought in lot of attentions
of the people from around the world which we can that is why our generation
and people are constantly trying to save the culture.
 By following the kumari god daily n telling about it to other people also
 Because it help to know various kind of knowledge about the culture to new
generation
 30

 Continuous of preservation of culture programs

 Carries different major festival.
 By promoting itself and the cultures with the jatras
 It's one of the unique social belief and it's probably only one country who have
living goddess Kumari ,that's a unique and totally different culture that might
help to preserve the tradition of country.
 People from different parts of the country are involved in Kumari culture , not
just adults but people from young generation are also participating in Kumari
culture and program.
 Kumari culture is one of our traditional culture that we are following for a
long time.
 The kumari has been celebrated by newa community for many years.Many
people visit kathmandu valley for this special occasion fron different places
maybe fron foreign countries.All poeple are interested in this particular
culture.
 It is saving the tradition of the country as it has been followed since long time
and is still in practice. Also as it is a unique culture in the world.
 By giving public awareness about its importance.
 A little girl worshipped as a goddess in one of the worlds visited by the main
character , is based heavily on the kumari, being the incarnation of the goddess
and having to live by strict rules of ritual purity.

4.2.15 The capability of tourist attraction by the culture of the Living Goddess.
20 response

 As Kumari culture is one of the unique culture of our country many tourists
will be attract if this tradition is highly promoted in international level
 No comments.
 Again, as the only living goddess in the world. It can be used as strong tool to
attract the tourists.
 There aren't any kind of living goddess in others country but in our country
there is Kumari that so tourist are attracted to our country
 Shows our tradition ,our rituals and how we do it and also art and architectures
are also could be displayed which attracts the tourist most
 31

 By analyzing the mass of tourists during the indra jatra and the visits in the
kumari ghar by the tourists
 There should be a survey that should be conducted by Nepal tourism board.
 Kumari is the only living goddess around the world,if anyone get to Know
about living goddess they will surely get curious and want to Know more
about this culture,so we can promote through social media n article about
Kumari culture n can attract tourist around the world.
 By providing knowledge about kumari culture by organising diff. Kinds of
awareness programme
 Maybe the photos taken by the tourist during the program which are being
printed in different magazines and newspaper can help to know about its
development.The number of tourist from inside or outside the country during
the event may also help for it.
 Its great capability to attract tourist as it is a unique culture which the tourists
are not familiar to so it cnn attract them.
 We can analyze the capability of tourist attraction in many ways like if we will
letting tourist know about that there are living goddess . By this we can have
extension of tourist number.
 As we can often see various magazines and social media were cultural and
traditional practices of kumari culture are mentioned, and can be seen being
popular with tourist attraction.

4.2.16 When was kumari culture started and why it was started? 20 response
 
 According to some research i found that Kumari culture was started in 6th
century and highly followed by 13th century. It was started because Kumari is
believed to be the incarnation of God taleju.
 The only culture where females are treated as a god.
 Considered as the only living goddess in the world brought in lot of attentions
of the people from around the world which we can that is why our generation
and people are constantly trying to save the culture.
 Yes
 By involving new Generation
 32

 By following the kumari god daily n telling about it to other people also
 Because it help to know various kind of knowledge about the culture to new
generation
 Since from malla dynasty, Kumari, or Kumari Devi, or Living Goddess –
Nepal is the tradition of worshiping young prepubescent girls as
manifestations of the divine female energy or devi in Hindu religious
traditions. The word Kumari is derived from the Sanskrit Kaumarya, meaning
"princess
 1756AD and it was started to commemorate the establishment of kathmandu
and to please the god lord Indra
 No I don't know the details
 Kumari in Nepal strated in 17th century.It is believed that the goddess visited
king Jayaprakash Malla in his dreams.To the same king angering the goddess
for making sexual advances.Then the king's wife learned of banishment of
young girl possessed by goddess telling the king to bring her back as the living
embodiment of goddess.so it started to celebrate.

4.3 Major Finding

The survey was conducted by the interacting with various local people of
Kathmandu. The result was relevant towards the questionnaires. Some of them are
mentioned below:

 The above pie chart states the information about the gender participated in the
survey. As a result, in the category of male and female, the majority of the
participants were from the both equal gender, which display 50%-50%.
Finally, both male and female have equal participation on the survey.
 The above bar diagram states the information about the age group participated
in the survey. As a result, the majority of the participants were from the 22
 33

group of age, which displays 30%. As well as the 25% and 20% was of age
group 20 and 21. The age groups of 18, 19, 24 and 25 was also participated
but least in percent. Therefore, the highest number of participants was from 22
age as seen in the pie-chart.
 The above pie chart shows the number of people who have seen living
goddess. The percentage of people who have seen living goddess was 80%
where as 20% have not seen the living goddess as my survey. But highest
majority have seen the living goddess.
 The above pie chart shows from where people heard about the Living Goddess
Kumari. By the survey we let to know that mostly people heard about Kumari
from family which is 55%. 20% of the respondent heard from friends where as
15% of them heard from social media. From books and magazine very less
respondent heard from it that is 10%.
 The above pie chart shows the number of people who believe in the culture of
living goddess. 50% of the people they believe in the culture of living goddess
according to my survey where as 50% of them may or may not believe on the
culture of living goddess. But none of the respondent did not said no, they
don’t believe which is 0% according to survey.
 The above pie chart shows the information about how the living goddess
culture can be promoted. The majority of the respondent that is 75% said by
never letting its festival fade away where as some respondent that is 20% said
by its related articles and news. But very least said that is 5% by organizing
women empowerment program.
 The above pie chart shows the information about tourist attraction by kumari,
we can see that all the respondents answer is yes which is 100%, we are able
to attract tourist by the culture of living goddess.
 The above pie chart states the information about the measure to promote
kumari culture. Most of the respondent that is 40% of them want to promote
the culture by preserving and following the culture. 35% of the respondent
said by posting videos, history and the photos on social media where as 25%
want to promote by organizing awareness program on importance of culture.
 The above pie chart shows illustrate the information about why we should
have better understanding of the culture. The majority of respondent that is
 34

60% said as each cultural group has unique strengths and perspectives that the
larger community can benefit from. 20% of them said it help us overcome and
prevent racial and ethnic divisions. Lastly, 20% said in order to build
communities.
 The above pie chart shows the information about the possible ways to attract
tourist. The majorities of respondent that is 80% said we can attract tourist by
unique culture and tradition while 20% said we can attract tourist by natural
beauty. But none said by our traditional food.
 The above pie chat shows the information about the problems of cultural
tourism in Nepal. The major problem is lack of promotion of culture to attract
tourists that is 45% of respondents think where as 25% and 20% think due to
lack of effective tourism policies and lack of infrastructures like
transportation, the internet, etc in culture rich areas. There is not much
problem in cultural deterioration which can be seen in the above result of the
survey.
 The above pie chart shows the information of the tourists attraction through
culture and tradition in Nepal. Because of unique festival most of the tourist
are attracted as said by 90% of the respondent. 10% of the respondent think
that because of cultural dress.
 The above pie chart shows the information about the possible ways to attract
tourists through living goddess. Majority of the respondents think that by
involvement of the new generation we can attract tourist through culture of
living goddess that is 45%. As well as 40% of the respondent.

CHAPTER: V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Summary

The essential point of this examination study was to comprehend the

viewpoint of culture and its effect on the travel industry of the host nation and assess
the impression of the Nepali individuals with respect to social effects on the travel
industry. So as to satisfy this point, both clear and diagnostic information results were
translated to accomplish some fascinating discoveries of the view of the individuals of
 35

Nepal on the social consequences for the travel industry. Nepal in spite of being a
little landlocked nation presents uniqueness in its socio-social assorted variety and
regular magnificence. The guests who come and invested energy in various pieces of
the nation have constantly respected it. The nation is extremely wealthy in social
legacy, engineering, sanctuaries and cloisters, interesting music, move, writing,
painting, design, conventional society expressions, and specialties. The individuals
who have known or heard even a little about Nepal's excellence and culture
completely reveres it. Nepal was additionally as of late recorded as the one of the 50
spots you should see before you bite the dust rundown distributed by BBC Holiday.
Nepali individuals accept that the nation has open doors for the further improvement
of social the travel industry yet the country is lingering behind because of the
restricted assets particularly the monetary assets. Be that as it may, these assets are
being built up and ideally will take the social the travel industry of Nepal to another
stature. Nepal is a nation with a wealth of noteworthy, social and assorted ethnic
customs, which could pull in vacationers from around the world, however inadequate
with regards to the best possible advancement they aren't renowned and surely
understood to the general group.

5.2 Conclusion

Nepal notwithstanding being a little landlocked nation presents uniqueness in

its socio-social assorted variety and common magnificence. The guests who come and
invested energy in various pieces of the nation have constantly appreciated it. The
nation is wealthy in social legacy, design, sanctuaries and religious communities, one
of a kind music, move, writing, painting, form, customary society expressions, and
specialties. The individuals who have known or heard even a little about Nepal's
magnificence and culture completely loves it.

5.3 Recommendation

Analyzes of the data collected suggest the following general

recommendations:
 36

 The infrastructures to support the tourism industry should be established and

developed such a way that visitors find it accessible.
 The historical, cultural sites and heritages should be reconstructed and
renovated maintaining the looks and feel from the past.
 Communities and localities should be encouraged to run tourism center point
in major tourists’ area to develop various sorts of entertaining yet cultural and
traditional programs, homestay services and local guide facilities.
 To increase the number of tourist arrivals, the country needs intense
international and national promotional activities through the public and private
sector.
 Nepal’s historical and cultural value, tradition and festivals should be
documented and publicized to attract more number of tourists.
 Various program related to folk and classical performances, exhibition of arts
and handicrafts, displays of traditional customs and religious rituals and their
promotion should be encouraged from local as well as national level.
 Measures should be vary according to the character, size and location of the
cultural property and the nature of the danger with it is threatened.
 Measures for the preservation or salvage of cultural property should be
preventive and corrective.
 Important structures and monuments which have been transferred in order to
save them from destruction by public or private works should be placed on site
or in a setting which resembles their former position and natural, historic or
artistic associations.
 Measures to preserve cultural property should extend to the whole territory of
the state and should not be confined to certain monuments and sites.

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implications. Routledge.
 37

Shackley, M. (1999). Managing the cultural impacts of religious tourism in the Himalayas,

Tibet and Nepal. Tourism and cultural conflicts.

Allen, M. R. (1976). Kumari or'virgin'worship in Kathmandu Valley. Contributions to Indian

Sociology, 10(2), 293-316.

Tree, I. (2014). A house for the living Goddess: on the dual identity of the Kumari Chen in

Kathmandu. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 37(1), 156-178.

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NEPAL & BIBLICAL RESPONSE.

Mishra, K. C. (1996). PILGRIMAGE CENTRES AND TRADITION IN NEPAL. Rays and

Ways of Indian Culture, 57.

Duran, J. (2017). Hierodulic Slavery: The Status of Kumari, the Living Goddess. IJFAB:

International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics, 10(2), 144-153.

van Kooij, K. R. (1978). Religion in Nepal. Brill.

Richards, G. (Ed.). (2001). Cultural attractions and European tourism. Cabi.

Stebbins, R. A. (1996). Cultural tourism as serious leisure. Annals of tourism research.

Smith, M. K. (2015). Issues in cultural tourism studies. Routledge.

Nepal, S. K. (2000). Tourism in protected areas: the Nepalese Himalaya. Annals of Tourism

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Tate, K. (2005). Sacred places of goddess: 108 destinations. CCC Publishing.

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Rai, R. (2008). Threats to the spirit of the place: urban Space and Squares, Historic City

Core, Kathmandu.

Burbank, J. (2002). Nepal. Marshall Cavendish.

Lidke, J. S. (2010). Kum" ar" ı: Nepal’s Eternally Living Goddess. Goddesses in World

Culture, 85.

Deepak Simkhada, “The Future of Nepal’s “Living” Goddess: Is Her Death

Necessary?” Accessed November 15, 2016

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Publishers, Inc. 2006), 158

QUESTIONNAIRES

1. SN

2. Gender: a) male b) female

3. Nationality:
 39

4. Age:…………..years

5. Have you ever seen living goddess?

1. Yes
2. No

6. From where did you hear about Living goddess Kumari?

1. Friends
2. Families
3. Social media
4. Books and magazine

7. Do you think people believe in the culture of living goddess?

1. Yes
2. No
3. Not sure

8. How are people promoting culture of kumari?

1. Articles and news
2. Women empowerment program
3. Never letting its festival to fade away

9. Are we able to attract tourist from the culture of Kumari?

1. Yes
2. No

10. What measure would you like to take to promote Kumari culture?
1. By preserving and following the culture
2. Awareness program on importance of culture
3. Posting videos, history and photos on social media

11. Why do you think that we should have better understanding of the
culture?
1. In order to build communities
2. Help us overcome and prevent racial and ethnic divisions
 40

3. Each cultural group hass unique strengths and perspectives that the
larger community can benefit from

12. What are the possible ways to attract tourist?

1. Unique culture and tradition
2. Traditional food
3. Natural beauty

13. What do you think are the problems of cultural tourism in Nepal?

1. Lack of promotion/advertisements of culture to attract tourists

2. Cultural deterioration
3. Lack of infrastructures like transportation, the internet, etc. in culture
rich areas
4. Lack of effective tourism policies

14. What are the capabilities of tourists attractions through culture and
tradition in Nepal?

1. Unique festival
2. Cultural Dress
3. Varities of food
15. What are the possible ways to attract tourists through living goddess?

1. Publicity of living goddess

2. Involvement of new generation
3. Documentary show

16. How do you think kumari culture is saving the heritage and tradition of
the country?

17. Do you know when was kumari culture started and why it was started?

18. How can we analyze the capability of tourist attraction by the culture of
the Living Goddess?