ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

(PRELIM)

UNIT I: INTRODUCTION

Chapter I: The Chemical and Biological Foundations of Life

Lesson 1: Matter: Atoms, Molecules, and Isotopes

Lesson 2: Carbon and Hydrocarbons
Lesson 3: Cell – The Basic Unit of Life

Chapter II: Biological Molecules

Lesson 1: Carbohydrates
Lesson 2: Lipids
Lesson 3: Proteins and Enzymes
Lesson 4: Nucleic Acid – DNA and RNA

Chapter III: Biological Organization

Lesson 1: Cells and Tissues

Lesson 2: Organs and Organ Systems
Lesson 3: Organism and Population
Lesson 4: Community and Ecosystem
Lesson 5: Biosphere

Chapter IV: The Scientific Method

Chapter V: The Multidisciplinary Nature of Environmental Science

Lesson 1: Definition and Scope

Lesson 2: History and Importance

Chapter VI: Environmental Degradation

Lesson 1: Land Degradation

Lesson 2: Water Degradation
Lesson 3: Air Degradation

Chapter VII: Sustainability and Sustainable Development

Lesson 1: Definition of Sustainability and Sustainable Development

Lesson 2: Triple Bottom-line
Lesson 3: IPAT Equation

Chapter VIII: Environmental Protection and Education

Lesson 1: Goals of Environmental Education

Lesson 2: Components of Environmental Education
Lesson 3: Importance of Environmental Education
UNIT II: NATURAL SYSTEMS

Chapter I: Environmental Systems

Lesson 1: Open and Closed System

Lesson 2: The Four subsystems

Lesson 3: Biogeochemical Cycles

3.1 Hydrologic Cycle

3.2 Carbon Cycle

3.3 Nitrogen Cycle

3.4 Sulfur Cycle

3.5 Phosphorus Cycle

Chapter II: Ecology and Energy

Lesson 1: Definition and Types of Ecology

Lesson 2: Forms of Energy

Lesson 3: Thermodynamics, Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration

Chapter III: Ecosystem

Lesson 1: Concept of Ecosystem

Lesson 2: Structure and Function of Ecosystem

Lesson 3: Energy Flow in the Ecosystem

3.1 Trophic Levels and Keystone Species

3.2 Food Chain and Food Web

3.3 Ecological Pyramid

3.4 Ecological Efficiency and the Ten Percent Rule

3.5 Ecosystem Productivity – GPP and NPP

3.6 Ecological Homeostasis

Lesson 4: Types of Ecosystem

Lesson 5: Ecological Niche – Fundamental and Realized Niches

Lesson 6: Edge Effect and Ecotones

(MIDTERM)

UNIT II: BIODIVERSITY

Chapter I: Types of Biodiversity

Lesson 1: Genetic Diversity

Lesson 2: Species Diversity
Lesson 3: Ecosystem Diversity

Chapter II: Value of Biodiversity

Lesson 1: Consumptive and Productive Use

Lesson 2: Social and Ethical Considerations
Lesson 3: Aesthetic and Option Values

Chapter III: Threats to Biodiversity

Lesson 1: Habitat Loss

Lesson 2: Poaching of Wildlife
Lesson 3: Man-wildlife Conflicts

Chapter IV: Conservation of Biodiversity

Lesson 1: Ex-situ Conservation

Lesson 2: In-situ Conservation

UNIT III: RESOURCE USE AND MANAGEMENT

Chapter I: Land and Soil Resources

Chapter II: Mineral Resources

Chapter III: Forests, Grasslands and Wilderness

Chapter IV: Water Resources

Chapter V: Energy Resources

Lesson 1: Non-renewable
1.1 Fossil Fuels – Coal, Oil and Natural Gas
1.2 Nuclear Energy

Lesson 2: Renewable
2.1 Geothermal
2.2 Hydroelectric
2.3 Solar
2.4 Wind
2.5 Biomass

Lesson 3: Other Renewable Sources

3.1 Algal Fuel

3.2 Wave Energy
3.3 Tidal Energy
(SEMI-FINAL)

UNIT IV: ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

Chapter I: Pollution

Lesson 1: Air Pollution

Lesson 2: Water Pollution
Lesson 3: Soil Pollution
Lesson 4: Marine Pollution
Lesson 5: Radioactive Pollution
Lesson 6: Thermal Pollution
Lesson 7: Noise Pollution

Chapter II: Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming

Chapter III: Ozone Depletion

Chapter IV: Climate Change

Chapter V: Acid Rain

Chapter VI: Deforestation

Chapter VII: Biodiversity Loss

Chapter VIII: Mining

Chapter IX: Overpopulation

Chapter X: Urbanization and Urban Sprawl

Chapter XI: Waste Disposal

UNIT V: POPULATION CHANGE

Chapter I: Biological Population

Lesson 1: Principles of Population Ecology

Lesson 2: Population Characteristic
Lesson 3: Population Factors
Lesson 4: Limitations to Population Growth
4.1 Environmental Resistance
4.2 Carrying Capacity and Population Crash
4.3 Density Dependence and Density Independence
4.4 Reproductive Strategies – R and K selected Species
Lesson 5: Models of Population Growth

Chapter II: Human Population

Lesson 1: Population Growth and Explosion

Lesson 2: Patterns of Human Population Growth – LDC and HDC
Lesson 3: Demographic Stages
Lesson 4: Human Health
Lesson 5: Human Rights
(FINAL)

UNIT VI: ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS, ECONOMICS AND ETHICS

Chapter I: Environmental Laws and Regulations

Lesson 1: Philippine Environmental Policy

Lesson 2: Philippine Environmental Code
Lesson 3: Philippine Environmental Impact System
Lesson 4: Pollution Control Law
Lesson 5: Philippine Mining Act
Lesson 6: National Environmental Awareness and Education Act
Lesson 7: Precautionary Principle
Lesson 8: Importance of Environmental Laws

Chapter II: Environmental Economics

Lesson 1: Economics and the Environment

1.1 Supplier of resource Inputs
1.2 Supplier of Environmental or Amenity Goods
1.3 Waste Sink Capacity
Lesson 2: Precepts of Economics
Lesson 3: Environmental Economic Challenges and Strategies
Lesson 4: Role of Economics in Analyzing the Environment and Sustainable Development

Chapter III: Environmental Ethics

Lesson 1: The Challenge of Environmental Ethics

Lesson 2: The Early Development of Environmental Ethics
Lesson 3: Environmental Ethics
3.1 Deep Ecology
3.2 Feminism
3.3 Disenchantment and New Animism
3.4 Social Ecology and Bioregionalism
Lesson 4: Traditional Ethical Theories and Contemporary Environment Ethics
4.1 Consequentialist
4.2 Deontological Ethical Theory
4.3 Virtue Ethics