TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

A. Context of Communication:

Intrapersonal Communication : Intrapersonal communication is communication with oneself by dint of

internal voices or reflective thoughts. For example, someone may exercise self-talk to calm himself down
in a stressful situation, or a shy person might keep reminding himself to smile during a social event.

Interpersonal Communication : Interpersonal communication is communication between two people

who mutually influence each other. For example, morning greetings between two employees at a
workplace.

Group Communication : Group communication is communication among three or more people for
achieving a common goal. For example, discussion between academic thesis group mates.

Public Communication : Public communication is a sender-based form of communication in which one

person is conveying information to an audience. For example, traffic signs, billboards, public statements
etc.

Mass Communication : Mass communication is transmission of message to many people through print
or electronic media. For examle, Television, websites, blogs, social media, radio, podcasts, books etc.

B. In terms of medium

Verbal : Verbal communication is using natural language of speech to transfer information through speaking or
sign language. For example, saying “No” when someone asks you to do something you don’t want to do..

Written : Written communication is the act of typing , printing , or writing letters and numbers. It is commonly
used in books, pamphlets, blogs, letters, memos and more. For examples: Emails and chats in the workplace.

Non verbal : Nonverbal communication is the use of body language, gestures and facial expressions. It can be
both intentional and unintentional. For example, smiling unintentionally when one hears a pleasing or enjoyable
piece of information.

Visual : Visual communication is using of photos, artwork, sketches, drawings, graphs and charts. For example,
visuals are often used as during presentations to provide helpful context alongside written and/or verbal
communication.

C. Based on formalities

Formal : The communication where the stream and direction of information is already defined. The
communication follows a hierarchical chain of command established by the organization in
context. Example: Commands, orders, requests, reports etc.

Informal : The communication which does not follow any pre-defined flow for the transmission of
information. Information moves freely in all directions, and thus, is very quick and rapid.
Example: Casual discussion, gossips, sharing of feelings, etc.
D. Based on parties

External : External communication is the transmission of information between two organizations or another
person outside the company. For example, clients, dealers, customers, government officials or authorities etc.

Internal : Internal communication is the exchange of information within an organization. It occurs between
an employer and an employee or among employees. For example, exchanging information, knowledge, ideas,
and beliefs between the members of the company.

a. Horizontal : Horizontal communication is the flow of information between people, divisions,

departments or units within the same level of superiority. For example, managers sharing information that
is significant in synchronizing activities of multiple departments.

b. Vertical : Vertical communication is the exchange of information between different levels of the
hierarchy. For example, the board of directors instructing management to take specific measures and
actions.

1. Upward : Upward communication is where which subordinates can convey information, to their
superiors. For example , Reports, direct letters and proposals

2. Downward : Downward communication is flow or information from superiors to subordinates

regarding  organization's objectives, policies and strategies. For example, Circulars and Notices

3. Diagonal : Diagonal or crosswise communication takes place when people working at the same level
interact with those at a higher or lower-level of organizational hierarchy. For example, the auditor has to
check and verify the cash balance at the end of the fiscal year. So, he may be authorized to get
information from the cashier directly.