FORMULA DBM30043 - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

Number of class Sturges Rule, k = 1 + 3.33 log n Rule of Thumb, 2 k > n

Mean x=
∑x x=
∑ ( fx)
n ∑f
N 
 2 −F
Median Median = Lm +  C
 f m 
 

 d 
Mode Mode = LMo +  1
C
 1 d2 
d +

 kN 
 4 −F
Quartile Qk = LQk +  C ; k = 1, 2, 3
 f Qk 
 

 kN 
 10 − F 
Decile Dk = LDk +  C ; k = 1, 2, 3...... 9
 f D k 
 

 kN 
 100 − F 
Percentile Pk = LPk +  C ; k = 1, 2, 3 ....... 99
 f Pk 
 

Mean Deviation ∑ x−x E=

∑( x−x f )
E=
n ∑f
n

∑ (x − x )
2
∑x
2
2
i − nx
s2 = i =l
n s2 =
n
Variance
∑ [ (x − x )
2
2
2
f ] 2 ∑ fx 2
 ∑ fx 
s = s = − 
∑f ∑f  ∑ f 

Standard Deviation s = var iance

 NUMERICAL METHOD
 l11 0 0   1 u12 u13 
  
Crout Method A =  l 21 l 22 0  0 1 u 23 
l l33   0 0 1 
 31 l32
1 0 0   u11 u12 u13 
  
Doolittle Method A =  l 21 1 0   0 u 22 u 23 
l 1   0 0 u 33 
 31 l32
f ( x)
Newton Raphson Method xn +1 = xn −
f ' ( x)
1 x1 y1
False Position Method x0 =
y 2 − y1 x 2 y2

PROBABILITY
E = pn 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∪ 𝐵𝐵) = 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴) + 𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵) − 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵)

𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵 ∩ 𝐴𝐴) 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) = 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴) • 𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵)

𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵|𝐴𝐴) =
𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴)
𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) = 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴) • 𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵|𝐴𝐴)

SOLUTION FOR 1st ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

Linear Factors (Integrating Factors)
y • IF = ∫ Q • IF dx

Homogeneous Equation Where IF = e ∫ P dx

dy dv Logarithmic
y = vx and = v+x
dx dx a = eln a
ax = e x ln a
x
x a
∫ a dx = +c
ln a
GENERAL SOLUTION FOR 2nd ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

d2y dy
Equation of the form a 2 + b + cy = 0
dx dx

− b ± b 2 − 4ac
Quadratics Formula x=
2a
1. Real & different roots2 y = Ae m 1 x
+ Be m 2 x

2. Real & equal roots y = e m x ( A + Bx )

3. Complex roots y = e α x ( A cos βx + B sin βx )
 LAPLACE TRANSFORM
No. f (t ) F (s ) No. f (t ) F (s )

a ω
1. a 13. e − at sin ωt
s (s + a )2 + ω 2

a s+a
2. at 14. e − at cos ωt
s2 (s + a )2 + ω 2

n! ω
3. tn 15. sinh ωt
s n +1
s −ω2
2

1 s
4. e at 16. cosh ωt
s−a s −ω2
2

1 ω
5. e − at 17. e at sinh ωt
s+a (s − a) 2 − ω 2

1 ω
6. te − at 18. e − at sinh ωt
(s + a ) 2
( s + a) 2 − ω 2

n! s+a
7. t n . e at , n=1,2,3 19. e − at cosh ωt
(s − a )n+1 (s + a )2 − ω 2

dn
8. t n . f (t ) (− 1)n [F (s )] 20. f1 (t ) + f 2 (t ) F1 ( s ) + F2 ( s )
ds n

ω F (s)
∫
t
9. sin ωt 21. o f (u )du
s +ω 2 2
s

s
10. cos ωt 22. f (t − a )u (t − a ) e − as F (s )
s +ω22

2ω s First derivative
11. t sin ωt 23. dy sY (s ) − y (0 )
(s 2
+ω2 ) 2
dt
, y' (t )

Second derivative
s2 − ω 2 2
s Y (s ) − sy (0 ) − y ' (0 )
12. t cos ωt 24. d2y
(s 2
+ω )
2 2
dt 2
, y' ' (t )
 DIFFERENTIATION
𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑 𝑛𝑛
1. (𝑘𝑘) = 0, 𝑘𝑘 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2. (𝑥𝑥 ) = 𝑛𝑛𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛−1 [𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅]
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑
3. (𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑛𝑛 ) = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑛𝑛−1 4. �𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) ± 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥)� = 𝑓𝑓′(𝑥𝑥) ± 𝑔𝑔′(𝑥𝑥)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑 𝑢𝑢 𝑣𝑣 − 𝑢𝑢
5. (𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢) = 𝑢𝑢 + 𝑣𝑣 [𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅] 6. � �= 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 [𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅]
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑣𝑣 𝑣𝑣 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥
7. = × [𝐶𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅] 8. (𝑒𝑒 ) = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎+𝑏𝑏 𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑 1
9. �𝑒𝑒 � = 𝑒𝑒 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎+𝑏𝑏 × (𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏) 10. (ln 𝑥𝑥) =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑 1 𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑
11. [ln(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)] = × (𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏) 12. (sin 𝑥𝑥) = cos 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
13. 𝑑𝑑 14. 𝑑𝑑
(cos 𝑥𝑥) = − sin 𝑥𝑥 (tan 𝑥𝑥) = sec 2 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
15. 𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑 16. 𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑
[sin(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)] = cos(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏) × (𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏) [cos(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)] = − sin(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏) × (𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
17. 𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑 18. 𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
[tan(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)] = 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2 (𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏) × (𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏) [sin𝑛𝑛 𝑢𝑢] = 𝑛𝑛 sin𝑛𝑛−1 𝑢𝑢 × cos 𝑢𝑢 ×
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
19. 𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 20. 𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
[𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑛𝑛 𝑢𝑢] = 𝑛𝑛 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑛𝑛−1 𝑢𝑢 × −sin 𝑢𝑢 × [𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑛𝑛 𝑢𝑢] = 𝑛𝑛 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑛𝑛−1 𝑢𝑢 × 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2 𝑢𝑢 ×
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

INTEGRATION
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑛𝑛+1 (𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)𝑛𝑛+1
1. � 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑛𝑛 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = + 𝑐𝑐 ; {𝑛𝑛 ≠ −1} 2. �(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)𝑛𝑛 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = + 𝑐𝑐 ; {𝑛𝑛 ≠ −1}
𝑛𝑛 + 1 (𝑎𝑎)(𝑛𝑛 + 1)
𝑏𝑏

3. � 𝑘𝑘 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 𝑐𝑐, 𝑘𝑘 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 4. � 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝐹𝐹(𝑏𝑏) − 𝐹𝐹(𝑎𝑎)

𝑎𝑎
1 1 1
5. � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = ln 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐 6. � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = × ln(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏) + 𝑐𝑐
𝑥𝑥 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 𝑎𝑎
1
7. � 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐 8. � 𝑒𝑒 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎+𝑏𝑏 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = × 𝑒𝑒 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎+𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑎𝑎

9. � sin 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = − cos 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐 10. � cos 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = sin 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐

11. � 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = tan 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐

12. 1
� sin(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = − × cos(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏) + 𝑐𝑐
𝑑𝑑
(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
13. 1
� cos(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = × 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 (𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏) + 𝑐𝑐
𝑑𝑑
(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
14. 1
� 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2 (𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = × tan(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏) + 𝑐𝑐
𝑑𝑑
(𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑