TABLE OF CONTENTS

CASES PAGE

Case Digest 1

1. Burbe v. Magulta………………………………………………............... 1
2. Rabanal v. Tugade……………………………………………………….. 4
3. Uy v. Gonzales…………………………………………………………….. 7
4. Mercado v. Viriolo…………………………………………………………. 10
5. Lim v. Villarosa…………………………………………………………….. 14
6. Pacan v. Pascual-Lopez………………………………………………….. 18
7. Pormento v. Pontevedra………………………………………………….. 22
8. Espiritu v. Ulep…………………………………………………………….. 26
9. Yu v. Tajanlangit…………………………………………………………… 28
10. Orcino v. Gaspar…………………………………………………………... 30
11. Macarubo v. Macarubo…………………………………………………… 33
12. Espina v. Chavez………………………………………………………… 36

Case Digest 2

1. Salcedo v. Bollozos……………………………………………………….. 38
2. Belen v. Belen……………………………………………………………… 40
3. Mercado v. Salcedo……………………………………………………….. 43
4. Macias v. 46
Macias…………………………………………………………...
5. Burias v. Valencia…………………………………………………………. 49
6. Santiago III v. Enriquez Jr………………………………………………… 51
7. 3-D Industries Inc v. Roxas………………………………………………. 54
8. Ocampo v. Arcaya-Chua…………………………………………………. 57
9. Amante- Descallar v. Ramas…………………………………………….. 59
10. Atty. Rex Rico v. Judge Rufon…………………………………………… 61
11. Visbal v. Vanilla……………………………………………………………. 63
12. Ricon v. Marquez…………………………………………………………. 65
13. In re: Report on the Judicial Audit conducted
In the RTC Branches 72 and 22, Narvacan, Ilocos Sur………………… 67
14. Anonymous Complaint v. Dagala………………………………………... 69
15. Santos v. Lacurom……………………………………………………… 71
 16. Office of the Court Adminis v. Floro…………………………………….. 74

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CANONS and RULES PAGE

CHAPTER I. THE LAWYER AND SOCIETY

Canon 1………………………………………………………………….. 1
Rule 1.01…………………………………………………………… 2
Rule 1.02…………………………………………………………… 2
Rule 1.03…………………………………………………………… 3
Rule 1.04…………………………………………………………… 4

Canon 2………………………………………………………………….. 4
Rule 2.01…………………………………………………………… 5
Rule 2.02…………………………………………………………… 5
Rule 2.03…………………………………………………………… 6
Rule 2.04…………………………………………………………… 6

Canon 3………………………………………………………………….. 7
Rule 3.01…………………………………………………………… 8
Rule 3.02…………………………………………………………… 8
Rule 3.03…………………………………………………………… 9
Rule 3.04…………………………………………………………… 10

Canon 4………………………………………………………………….. 11

Canon 5………………………………………………………………….. 11

Canon 6………………………………………………………………….. 12
Rule 6.01…………………………………………………………… 13
Rule 6.02…………………………………………………………… 14
Rule 6.03…………………………………………………………… 14

CHAPTER II. THE LAWYER AND LEGAL PROFESSION

Canon 7………………………………………………………………….. 16
Rule 7.01…………………………………………………………… 17
Rule 7.02…………………………………………………………… 18
Rule 7.02…………………………………………………………… 18

Canon 8………………………………………………………………….. 19
Rule 8.01…………………………………………………………… 19
Rule 8.02…………………………………………………………… 20
 Canon 9………………………………………………………………….. 20
Rule 9.01…………………………………………………………… 21
Rule 9.02…………………………………………………………… 21

CHAPTER III. THE LAWYER AND THE COURTS

Canon 10………………………………………………………………….. 23
Rule 10.01…………………………………………………………… 23
Rule 10.02…………………………………………………………… 24
Rule 10.03…………………………………………………………… 24

Canon 11………………………………………………………………….. 26
Rule 11.01…………………………………………………………… 26
Rule 11.02…………………………………………………………… 27
Rule 11.03…………………………………………………………… 27
Rule 11.04…………………………………………………………… 28
Rule 11.05…………………………………………………………… 28

Canon 12………………………………………………………………….. 29
Rule 12.01…………………………………………………………… 30
Rule 12.02…………………………………………………………… 30
Rule 12.03…………………………………………………………… 32
Rule 12.04…………………………………………………………… 33
Rule 12.05…………………………………………………………… 34
Rule 12.06…………………………………………………………… 34
Rule 12.07…………………………………………………………… 35
Rule 12.08…………………………………………………………… 35

Canon 13………………………………………………………………….. 36
Rule 13.01…………………………………………………………… 36
Rule 13.02…………………………………………………………… 37
Rule 13.03…………………………………………………………… 38

CHAPTER IV. THE LAWYER AND THE CLIENT

Canon 14………………………………………………………………….. 39
Rule 14.01…………………………………………………………… 40
Rule 14.02…………………………………………………………… 40
Rule 14.03…………………………………………………………… 40
Rule 14.04…………………………………………………………… 41

Canon 15………………………………………………………………….. 42
Rule 15.01…………………………………………………………… 42
Rule 15.02…………………………………………………………… 43
Rule 15.03…………………………………………………………… 43
 Rule 15.04…………………………………………………………… 44
Rule 15.05…………………………………………………………… 45
Rule 15.06…………………………………………………………… 46
Rule 15.07…………………………………………………………… 46
Rule 15.08…………………………………………………………… 47

Canon 16………………………………………………………………….. 48
Rule 16.01…………………………………………………………… 48
Rule 16.02 …………………………………………………………… 49
Rule 16.03…………………………………………………………… 50
Rule 16.04…………………………………………………………… 51

Canon 17………………………………………………………………….. 52

Canon 18………………………………………………………………….. 52
Rule 18.01…………………………………………………………… 53
Rule 18.02…………………………………………………………… 54
Rule 18.03…………………………………………………………… 54
Rule 18.04…………………………………………………………… 55

Canon 19………………………………………………………………….. 56
Rule 19.01…………………………………………………………… 56
Rule 19.02…………………………………………………………… 56
Rule 19.03…………………………………………………………… 58

Canon 20………………………………………………………………….. 59
Rule 20.01…………………………………………………………… 59
Rule 20.02…………………………………………………………… 61
Rule 20.03…………………………………………………………… 61
Rule 20.04…………………………………………………………… 62

Canon 21………………………………………………………………. 63
Rule 21.01…………………………………………………………… 63
Rule 21.02…………………………………………………………… 64
Rule 21.03…………………………………………………………… 65
Rule 21.04…………………………………………………………… 65
Rule 21.05…………………………………………………………… 66
Rule 21.06…………………………………………………………… 67
Rule 21.07…………………………………………………………… 67

Canon 22………………………………………………………………. 68
Rule 22.01…………………………………………………………… 69
Rule 22.02…………………………………………………………… 70
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TOPICS PAGE

ASSIGNMENT 1: ARTICLES 1262- 1304

I. LOSS OF THE THING DUE…………………………………………………………XX
A. Meaning of the Loss of the Thing…………………………………………..............XX
B. Effects of the Loss of the Thing……………………………………………………..XX
1. Obligation to give/ deliver a Determinate Thing……………………………XX
2. Obligation to give/ deliver a Generic Thing…………………………………XX
3. Obligation to do………………………………………………………………..XX
C. Effects of Fortuitous Effect…………………………………………………………...XX
1. Instances when the debtor can be held liable even if
loss is due to fortuitous event………………………………………………..XX
D. Is debtor liable for loss of the thing due to:
1. Theft ……………………………………………………………………………XX
2. Robbery ……………………………………………………………………….XX
3. Case: De Guzman vs CA……………………………………………………XX
E. Effects of Partial Loss ……………………………………………………………….XX
F. Effect of Temporary Impossibility ………………………………………………….XX

II. CONDONATION OR REMISSIONO OF THE DEBT……………………………..XX

A. Meaning of Condonation or Remission …………………………………………….XX
B. Requisites……………………………………………………………………………...XX
1. Is acceptance by the debtor a requirement?
Why or why not?.....................................................................................XX
2. Should the condonation be in writing to be valid? ………………………..XX

C. Kinds of Condonation…………………………………………………………………XX
1. Express…………………………………………………………………………XX
2. Implied…………………...……………………………………………………..XX

D. Extent of Condonation a creditor may give…………………………………………XX

E. Grounds of Revocation ………………………………………………………………XX
III. CONFUSION OR MERGER OF RIGHTS………………………………………….XX
A. Meaning of Confusion………………………………………………………………...XX
B. Requisites……………………………………………………………………………...XX
C. Effects of Confusion in
1. Solidary Obligations…………………………………………………………..XX
2. Joint Obligations …………………………………………………….............XX
3. On Accessory Obligation …………………………………………………....XX
D. May Confusion be revoked? Effect of revocation? ……………………………….XX

IV. COMPENSATION…………………………………………………………………….XX
A. Meaning of Compensation………………………………………………………...…XX
B. Requisites ……………………………………………………………………………..XX
C. Instances pf prohibited compensation ……………………………………………..XX
D. Assignment by creditor of his credit to a 3rd person………………………………XX
1. Effect of such assignment to the right of
debtor’s to set up compensation…………………………………………….XX
E. Effect of valid compensation ………………………………………………………...XX

V. NOVATION…………………………………………………………………………….XX
A. Meaning of Novation………………………………………………………………….XX
B. Requisites ……………………………………………………………………………..XX
C. How is Novation made …………………………………………….…………………XX
1. Express………………………………………………………………………...XX
2. Implied …………………………………………………………………………XX
D. Substitution of Debtor ………………………………………………………………..XX

1. Expromision vs Delegacion …………………………………………………XX

2. Effect of payment by new debtor in delegacion? Expromission?.............XX
3. Rights of new debtors ………………………………………………………..XX

4. Effect of insolvency of new debtor in delegacion? Expromission?...........XX

E. Subrogation………………………………………………………………………...….XX
1. Legal Subrogation vs Conventional Subrogation ………………………....XX
2. Requisites of conventional subrogation ……………………………………XX
3. Conventional Subrogation vs Assignment of Credit………………………XX
 F. Effects of Novation on the ff:
1. Accessory Obligation…………………………………………………………XX
2. Stipulation Pout Atrui………………………………………………………….XX
3. Original Conditions imposed…………………………………………………XX
4. Prescribed obligation …………………………………………………………XX
5. New conditional obligation where the new condition
did materialize………………………………………………………………XX

ASSIGNMENT 2: ARTICLES 1305-1355………………………………………………….XX

I. CONTRACTS- GENERAL PROVISION……………………………………………XX

G. What is a contract? …………………………………………………..………………XX
H. What are the elements of contracts? ……………………………………………….XX
1. Essential Elements……………………………………………………………XX
a) Common………………………………………………………………..XX
b) Special …………………………………………………………………XX
2. Natural Elements ……………………………………………………………..XX
3. Accidental Elements …………………………………………………………XX
I. What are the characteristic of contracts? ………………………………………….XX

1. Autonomy ……………………………………………………………………..XX
a) Limitation to the right to contract ……………………………………XX
2. Mutuality ……………………………………………………………………….XX
a) Consequences of the principle of mutuality ……………………….XX
b) Are escalation clauses in loan agreements void? ………………..XX
3. Obligatory ……………………………………………………………………..XX

4. Relativity ………………………………………………………………………XX
a) When may a contract produce effect on 3rd persons? ……………XX
b) What is stipulation por auttrui? ……………………………………..XX
(1) Test of stipulation pour autrui ………………………………XX
(2) Requisites before stipulation or
Autrui can be enforced………………………………………..XX
c) What is the doctrine of contractual inference? …………………….XX
 J. Digest the case of …………………………………………………………………….XX
1. Equitable PCI Bank vs Ng Sheung Ngor…………………………………...XX
2. Go vs Cordero ………………………………………………………………..XX
3. Coquia vs Fiedmen’s Insurance …………………………………………….XX
4. Associated Bank vs CA ……………………………………………………...XX

VI. PERFECTION OF CONTRACTS…………………………………………………...XX

A. How are contracts perfected? ……………………………………………………….XX
1. Consensual ……………………………………………………………………XX
2. Real …………………………………………………………………………….XX
B. What are four theories regarding perfection of contracts? ……………………….XX
1. Manifestation ………………………………………………………………….XX
2. Expedition ……………………………………………………………………..XX
3. Reception ……………………………………………………………………...XX
4. Recognition ……………………………………………………………………XX

VII. ESSENTIAL REQUISITES OF CONTRACTS……………………………………XX

A. Consent ……………………………………………………………………………….XX
1. What are the requisites of consent?........................................................XX
2. What is an offer? Acceptance? …………………………………………….XX
3. What is the character of the offer to be binding? …………………………XX
Character of the acceptance to be binding?......................................XX
4. What is an Option? …………………………………………………………..XX
 5. What is an Legal Capacity? …………………………………………………XX
a) Who are incapable of giving consent to a contact? ………………XX
b) Status of contracts entered into by incapacitated person. ……….XX
c) May a minor enter into a contract with effects
of valid contract? ……………………………………………………XX
d) May an insane person enter in to valid contract with
effects of a valid contracts? ……………………………………….XX
6. Incapacity to contract vs Disqualification to contract ……………………..XX
7. What are the vices of consent? ……………………………………………..XX
8. What are the 2 kinds fraud?.....................................................................XX
a) Art. 1170 ………………………………………………………………XX
b) Art. 1338 ……………………………………………………………….XX
(1) Dolo cuausante ……………………………………………….XX
(2) Dolo incindente……………………………………………….,XX
9. What are contract of adhesion? Are they valid stipulation? ……………..XX
10. What is simulation of contract? ……………………………………..XX
a) Absolutely simulated contract ……………………………………….XX
b) Relatively simulated contract………………………………………...XX
c) Effects of a simulated contract………………………………………XX

11. Digest the following cases:

a) Mendozana vs Ozamis……………………………………………….XX
b) Dela Cruz vs Dela Cruz ……………………………………………...XX
c) Ayala Corp vs CA and Rey Burton Dev’t Corp ……………………XX
d) Manila Banking vs Silverio …………………………………………..XX

B. Object of Contracts …………………………………………………………………..XX

1. What is an object? ……………………………………………………………XX
2. What can be an object of a contract? ………………………………………XX
a) Within the commerce of men ………………………………………..XX
b) Real or Possible ………………………………………………………XX
(1) Future things ………………………………………………….XX
(2) Future inheritance ……………………………………………XX
c) Licit …………………………………………………………………….XX
(1) Impossible objects ……………………………………………XX
d) Determinate or possible of determination as to
its kind……………………………………………………………….XX
 C. Cause of Contracts …………………………………………………………………..XX
1. What is the cause of a contract? ……………………………………………XX
2. Is motive the same as cause? ……………………………………………...XX
3. Distinguish cause from an object. …………………………………………..XX
4. Requisites of cause
5. What is lesion? Will it invalidate a contract
For Lack of cause? ………………………………………………………XX

D. Digest the ff:

1. Navarra vs Planters Dev’t Bank …………………………………………….XX
2. Arrogante vs Deliarte ………………………………………………………..XX

ASSIGNMENT 3 : ARITICLES 1356-1402………………………………………………...XX

I. FORMS OF CONTRACTS …………………………………………………………XX

E. Is it required that a contract must be in a certain from
to be obligatory? ……………………………………..………………XX
1. State those contracts which are required to be in
writing under the NCC ……………………………………………………….XX
2. State those contracts which are required to be in
Public document under the NCC …………………………………….……XX
3. State those contracts which are required to be registered ………………XX
4. What’s the effect on the contracts if the forms required
In 1, 2, and 3 are not complied with? ……………………………………XX

F. What are the contracts required by Article 1358 to be in

A public document? ……………………………………………………………..XX
1. Are these contracts real or consensual contracts?..................................XX
2. Is the requirement that the said contracts must
be in a public document necessary for the
validity is said contracts …………………………………………………...XX
3. Digest the case of Londres vs CA…………………………………………..XX
VIII. REFORMATION OF CONTRACTS…………………………………………………XX
A. What is the doctrine of Reformation of Contracts………………………………….XX
B. What are the Requisites ……………………………………………………………..XX
C. What are the instances when reformation is not
Possible? …………………………………………………………………………XX
D. Who can bring an action for reformation……………………………………………XX

IX. INTERPRETATION OF CONTRACTS……………………………………………..XX

A. 5 rules on interpretation of contracts ……………………………………………….XX
B. Digest the ff:
1. Constantino vs Sandiganbayan……………………………………………XX
2. Escano vs Ortigas …………………………………………………………..XX
3. Almira vs CA …………………………………………………………………XX

X. CLASSES OF CONTRACTS ………………………………………………………XX

A. Distinguish the 4 classes of defective as to:
1. Defect ………………………………………………………………………….XX
2. Effect …………………………………………………………………………..XX
3. Prescriptibility of action or defense …………………………………………XX
4. Susceptibility of ratification ………………………………………………….XX
5. Who may assail contracts …………………………………………………..XX
6. How contracts may be assailed ……………………………………………XX
B. Rescissible Contracts ………………………………………………………………..XX
1. What is a rescissible contract ……………………………………………….XX
2. State the contracts that are rescissible? …………………………………XX
a) Can a rescissible contract be ratified ………………………………XX
3. What is rescission? …………………………………………………………..XX
a) Is it a primary and direct action? …………………………………...XX
b) When can file an action for rescission? ……………………………XX
4. State and explain the 2 kinds of rescission ……………………………….XX
5. What is Accion Pauliana …………………………………………………….XX
a) Requisites ……………………………………………………………..XX
6. Explain the applicability of mutual restitution in rescissible contracts…XX
7. Digest the ff:
a) Tanay recreation center v. Fausto…………………………………XX
b) Riviera Filipina vs. CA ……………………………………………….XX
c) Canny vs. Galang ……………………………………………………XX
d) Manila Banking vs. Silverio …………………………………………XX
 C. Voidable Contracts …………………………………………………………………...XX
1. What is a voidable contract ? ……………………………………………….XX
a) Characteristic …………………………………………………………XX
2. State the contracts that are voidable………………………………………..XX
a) Is a contract entered into by a spouse
Without the consent of the other voidable?...................................XX
3. Explain the ff:
a) Legal Capacity ………………………………………………………..XX
b) Violence ……………………………………………………………….XX
c) Intimidation ……………………………………………………………XX
d) Undue Influence ……………………………………………………..XX
e) Fraud ………………………………………………………………….XX
f) Mistake ………………………………………………………………..XX
4. What is ratification?.................................................................................XX
a) Who can ratify a voidable contract …………………………………XX
b) Period within which to ratify …………………………………………XX
c) How is ratification effected? …………………………………………XX
d) What are the effects of ratification? ………...………………………XX
5. What is annulment? ………………………………….………………………XX
6. Explain the applicability of mutual restitution in a
voidable contracts. ………………………………………………………….XX

ASSIGNMENT 4: ARTICLES 1403- 143

I. UNENFORCEABLE CONTRACTS
D. Definition ……………………………………………………………………………..XX
1. Characteristics ………………………………………………………………XX
E. Contracts that are unenforceable …………………………………………………XX
1. Contracts enforced under Art. 1403(1) ……………………………………XX
2. In a contract of sale entered by an unauthorized agent
can the other party set-up the defense of lack of authority
of the agent? ………………………………….…..…………………………XX
3. Explain the Statute of Frauds? ……………………..……………………….XX
a) Purpose ……………………………………….……………………….XX
b) Forms required ………………………………..………………………XX
 c) Effects of non-compliance…………………………….………… …..XX
(1) Meaning of “ No action can be enforced” ………………………….XX
d) Contracts covered by Statute of Frauds …………………….……..XX
(1) Requisites before a promise to answer
For the debt of another will fall under the statute……………….XX
(2) Agreements made in consideration of marriage
Which fall under the statute ………………………………………XX
(3) Exceptions to Art 1403(2)(d) …………………………………….…..XX
e) How a contract infringing the Statute ratified?...............................XX
4. Effect of ratification of contract under Art. 1403(3) ……………………….XX

XI. VOID OR INEXISTENT CONTRACTS …………………………………………….XX

A. What is a void contract?......................................................................................XX
1. Effect of void contracts ………………………………………………………XX
B. Is it the same as inexistent contract? ………………………………………………XX
1. Effects of inexistent contract ……………………………………………….XX
2. Can the parties in an inexistent contracts recover
What they have given to each other? …………………………………….XX

C. Characteristic of void and inexistent contracts ……………………………………XX

D. Contracts that are Void ………………………………………………………………XX
E. Contracts that are Inexistent ………………………………………………………..XX
F. Principle of Pari delicto ………………………………………………………………XX
1. Two provisions governing in pari delictp …………………………………..XX
2. Is the principle of in pari delicto applicable to? ……………………………XX
a) Simulated or fictitious contract ………………………………………XX
b) Inexistent contract…………………………………………………….XX

G. Exceptions to the Principle of in Pari delicto ………………………………XX

H. Digest the ff:
1. DOH vs C.V Canchala 475 SCRA 218 …………………………………….XX
2. Marchavez vs Tevez Jr. 449 SCRA 380 …………………………………..XX
3. Manila Banking vs Silverio …………………………………………………..XX
XII. NATURAL OBLIGATIONS…………………………………………………………..XX
A. What is natural obligation? …………………………………………………………..XX
1. Is it the same as moral obligations? ………………………………………..XX
2. May a natural obligation constitute sufficient
cause or consideration of a contract ………………………………………XX
3. Why does the law regulate natural obligations?.......................................XX
B. Natural Obligation under the civil code that are still applicable. …………………XX

XIII. ESTOPPEL…………………………………………………………………………….XX
A. What is Estoppel? …………………………………………………………………….XX
1. Requisites ……………………………………………………………………..XX
B. Classification of estoppel ……………………………………………………………XX
1. Estoppel in Pais or by conduct ……………………………………………..XX
a) Estoppel by silence or inactions…………………………………….XX
b) Estoppel by acceptance of benefits ………………….…………….XX
2. Estoppel by Deed or by Record……………………………..………………XX
a) By Deed ……………………………………………….………………XX
b) By Record ……………………………………………..………………XX
c) By Judgment ………………………………………….………………XX
(1)Is estoppel by judgment the same
As res judicata? ………………………………….……………….XX
(2)Requisite of Res judicata …………………………..………………..XX
C. Who are bound by Estoppel? …………………………………….…………………XX
D. Digest the case of
1. National Housing vs Grace Baptist 424 SCRA 147……………………….XX
CASE DIGEST
I
CASE DIGEST
II
CHAPTER I:

THE LAYWER
AND
THE SOCIETY
CHAPTER II:

THE LAYWER
AND
THE LEGAL
PROFESSION
CHAPTER III:

THE LAYWER
AND
THE COURTS
CHAPTER IV:

THE LAYWER
AND
THE CLIENT
ASSIGNMENT I:

ARTICLES
1262-1304
ASSIGNMENT II:

ARTICLES
1305-1355
ASSIGNMENT III:

ARTICLES
1356-1402
ASSIGNMENT IV:

ARTICLES
1402-1439