Telecommunications Engineering

Electromagnetic Field

Classwork: Gradient and Divergence

1. Query the properties of the gradient and divergence.

2. What applications of the gradient and divergence are used in the study area?
3. In nature, living beings radiate heat to the environment by means of electromagnetic waves, but at the time of changing
seasons in certain parts of the earth, temperatures drop so much that animals must move to maintain their ideal body heat
at all times; likewise, cold-blooded animals often like to sunbathe to warm up and increase their metabolism; in addition,
they are very careful in their incubation process, incubation times are determined by the temperature at which eggs are
subjected during this process. An incubation with high temperatures, reduces the times and gives rise to the birth of smaller
pups. That is why before the deposition, the female does all a work of control of its internal temperature, even retaining
the eggs, to avoid the birth of young before time, by this makes use of its olfactory sense in search of the ideal shelter
5𝑧 3
moving quickly; if the temperature of the lizard is given by 𝑇 = 2𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑧 − , located at the point (2, 2, 5) and want to
3
find an address such that the lizard you can lay your eggs at the perfect temperature as soon as possible. In what direction
should sniff?
4. Show that the ∇ ∙ 𝐸 is zero for a field due to a surface in cylindrical coordinates.

5. In cylindrical coordinates, a vector field is given by 𝐴 = 𝜌 sin ∅ 𝑎𝜌 + 𝜌2 cos ∅ 𝑎∅ + 2𝜌𝑒 −5𝑧 𝑎𝑧 , Find ∇ ∙ 𝐴 at (1/2, π/2, 0)

10 𝑦 3 𝐶
6. Given the vector field such that D = 𝑎𝑦 ( ), evaluate both sides of the divergence theorem for the volume of a cube,
3 𝑚2
4 m on an edge, centered at the origin and with edges parallel to the axes.

∮ 𝐷 ∙ 𝜕𝑠 = ∫ (∇ ∙ 𝐷)𝜕𝑣
𝑣𝑜𝑙

7. Since the vector field A = 3𝑒 −𝜌 𝑎𝜌 − 2𝑧𝑎𝑧 in cylindrical coordinates, evaluate both sides of the divergence theorem for
the volume enclosed by 𝜌 = 2, z = 0 and z = 4

8. Given 𝐴 = 5 sin 𝜃 𝑎𝜃 + 5 sin ∅ 𝑎∅ , find ∇ ∙ 𝐴 at (0.5, π/6, π/4)