WELCOME

MATHEMATICS 9

Prepared by:
Michelle O. Dahan
Student Teacher
Bohol Island State University – Main Campus
PERFORMANCE TASK
Solving Problems on
PARALLELOGRAM
 Solving Problems on Parallelogram

6. Two adjacent angles of a

parallelogram are in the ratio 4 : 5.
Find the measure of each of its
angles. Answer: 80°, 100°, 80°, 100°
 Solving Problems on Parallelogram

7. Two sides of a parallelogram

are in the ratio 5 : 3. If its
perimeter is 64 cm, find the
lengths of its sides.
Answer: 20 cm, 12 cm
 Solving Problems on Parallelogram

8. The perimeter of a
parallelogram is 140 cm. If one
of the sides is longer than the
other by 10 cm, find the length
of each of its sides.
Answer: 40 cm, 30 cm
 ACTIVITY
GUESS THE
GIBBERISH
 GUESS THE
GIBBERISH
Gibberish is a meaningless or unintelligible talk or writing
Instruction: Read and sound out the gibberish words in order
to turn them into correct phrases.
Strategy: The best way to guess the Gibberish is to read it
aloud again and again and the correct phrase will definitely
strike your head.
 GUESS THE
GIBBERISH
Purullaligrum
Parallelogram
 GUESS THE
GIBBERISH
Prepurty
Property
 GUESS THE
GIBBERISH
twu-culamn pruuf
Two-column proof
 GUESS THE
GIBBERISH
Uppusoti
Opposite
 GUESS THE
GIBBERISH
Cungrainci Pestilotu
Congruence Postulate
 GUESS THE
GIBBERISH
Tronsvursol lanu
Transversal Line
 GUESS THE
GIBBERISH
Riflixovi Prupirty
Reflexive Property
 GUESS THE
GIBBERISH
Lanu Pestilotu
Line Postulate
 GUESS THE
GIBBERISH
Eltirneti Ontirour Engli
Alternate Interior Angle
 GUESS THE
GIBBERISH
Currispundong Perts uf Cungraint
Troenglis eri Cungraint
Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are Congruent
Proving the Properties
of Parallelogram
using two-column proof
 Learning Objectives
After completing this topic, the students are expected to:
▪recall the different properties of parallelogram
and different types of line;
▪prove the properties of parallelogram using two-
column proof; and
▪show interest in learning through active
participation.
 What is Two-Column Proofs?
A two-column proof is one common
way to organize a proof in geometry.
Two-column proofs always have two
columns: one for statements and one
for reasons.
 When writing your own two-column proof, keep
these things in mind:
✓ Number each step.
✓ Start with the given information.
✓ Statements with the same reason can be combined into one step. It is up to
you.
✓ Draw a picture and mark it with the given information.
✓ You must have a reason for EVERY statement.
✓ The order of the statements in the proof is not always fixed, but make sure
the order makes logical sense.
✓ Reasons will be definitions, postulates, properties and previously proven
theorems. “Given” is only used as a reason if the information in the
statement column was given in the problem.
✓ Use symbols and abbreviations for words within proofs.
 Transversal Line
- defined as a line that passes
through two lines in the same
plane at two distinct points in
the geometry. A transversal
intersection with two lines
produces various types of
angles in pairs, such as
consecutive interior angles,
corresponding angles and
alternate angles.
 Alternate Interior Angles
- are the angles
formed on the
opposite sides of
the transversal.
 Reflexive Property
- The reflexive property
of congruence shows
that any geometric
figure is congruent to
itself.
 Line Postulate
- a line contains at
least two points.
 Triangle Congruence Postulates
- Two or more triangles are congruent if the sides and angles of one
triangle are equal to the sides and angles of another triangle. The
congruency can also be tested by three postulates: ASA (angle-side-
angle), SAS (side-angle-side), and SSS (side-side-side).
 Corresponding Parts of Congruent
Triangles are Congruent
- CPCTC theorem
states that if two or
more triangles are
congruent, then their
corresponding
angles and sides are
congruent as well.
 PARALLELOGRAM
by definition
- A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with both
pairs of opposite sides are parallel. In ▱
ABCD, if segments 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐶𝐷 are parallel to
each other (𝑨𝑩 ∥ 𝑪𝑫) and if segments 𝐴𝐷
and 𝐵𝐶 are parallel to each other (𝑨𝑫 ∥ 𝑩𝑪),
then, the quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
 PROPERTY 1
In a parallelogram, any two opposite sides are congruent.
Given: Parallelogram LOVE
Prove: 𝐿𝑂 ≅ 𝑉𝐸 ; 𝑂𝑉 ≅ 𝐿𝐸
 PROPERTY 1 - In a parallelogram, any two opposite sides are congruent.
Given: Parallelogram LOVE
Prove: 𝐿𝑂 ≅ 𝑉𝐸 ; 𝑂𝑉 ≅ 𝐿𝐸
Proof:
Statement
1. Parallelogram LOVE
2. 𝐿𝑂 ∥ 𝑉𝐸 ; 𝑂𝑉 ∥ 𝐿𝐸
3. Draw 𝐿𝑉
4. ∠LVE ≅ ∠OLV; ∠VLE ≅ ∠LVO
5. 𝐿𝑉 ≅ 𝑉𝐿
6. △LOV ≅ △VEL
7. ∴ 𝐿𝑂 ≅ 𝑉𝐸 ; 𝑂𝑉 ≅ 𝐿𝐸
2
1
3 4
Reasons
1. Given
2. Definition of Parallelogram
3. Line Postulate
4. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then
the alternate interior angles are congruent.
5. Reflexive Property
6. ASA Congruence Postulate
7. Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are
Congruent (CPCTC)
 PROPERTY 2
In a parallelogram, any two opposite angles are congruent
Given: Parallelogram LOVE with diagonal 𝐿𝑉
Prove: ∠O ≅ ∠E; ∠L ≅ ∠V
 PROPERTY 2 - In a parallelogram, any two opposite angles are congruent
Given: Parallelogram LOVE with diagonal 𝐿𝑉
Prove: ∠O ≅ ∠E; ∠L ≅ ∠V
Proof:
Statement Reasons
1.Parallelogram LOVE with diagonal 𝐿𝑉 1. Given
2. 𝐿𝑂 ∥ 𝑉𝐸 ; 𝑂𝑉 ∥ 𝐿𝐸 2. Definition of Parallelogram
3. ∠2 ≅ ∠3; ∠1 ≅ ∠4 3. If two parallel lines are cut by a
transversal, then the alternate interior
angles are congruent.
4. 𝐿𝑉 ≅ 𝑉𝐿 4. Reflexive Property
5. △LEV ≅ △VOL 5. ASA Congruence Postulate
6. ∴∠O ≅ ∠E; ∠L ≅ ∠V 6. Corresponding Parts of Congruent
Triangles are Congruent (CPCTC)
 ACTIVITY
THINK PAIR
SHARE
THINK PAIR 1. Given: Parallelogram HOME
SHARE Prove: 𝐻𝑂 ≅ 𝑀𝐸 ; 𝑂𝑀 ≅ 𝐻𝐸
Proof:
Statement Reasons
1. 1. Given
2. 2. Definition of Parallelogram
3. Draw 𝐸𝑂 3.
4. 4. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal,
then the alternate interior angles are
congruent.
5. 5. Reflexive Property
6. △HOE ≅ △MEO 6.
7. ∴ 𝐻𝑂 ≅ 𝑀𝐸 ; 𝑂𝑀 ≅ 𝐻𝐸 7.
THINK PAIR 2. Given: Parallelogram JUST
SHARE Prove: ∠JUS ≅ ∠STI; ∠UJT ≅ ∠TSU
Proof:
Statement Reasons
1. 1. Given
ഥ
2. Draw 𝑈𝑇 and 𝐽𝑆 2.
3. 3. Parallelogram Property 1
4. 4. Reflexive Property
5. △TUJ ≅ △UTS ; △STJ ≅ △JUS 5.
6. ∴∠JUS ≅ ∠STI; ∠UJT ≅ ∠TSU 6.
 1. Given: Parallelogram HOME
THINK PAIR
SHARE Prove: 𝐻𝑂 ≅ 𝑀𝐸 ; 𝑂𝑀 ≅ 𝐻𝐸
Proof:
Statement Reasons
1. Parallelogram HOME 1. Given
2. 𝐻𝑂 ∥ 𝑀𝐸 ; 𝑂𝑀 ∥ 𝐻𝐸 2. Definition of Parallelogram
3. Draw 𝐸𝑂 3. Line Postulate
4. ∠HOE ≅ ∠MEO; ∠HEO≅ 4. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal,
∠MOE then the alternate interior angles are
congruent.
5.𝐸𝑂 ≅ 𝑂𝐸 5. Reflexive Property
6. △HOE ≅ △MEO 6. ASA Congruence Postulate
7. ∴ 𝐻𝑂 ≅ 𝑀𝐸 ; 𝑂𝑀 ≅ 𝐻𝐸 7. Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles
are Congruent (CPCTC)
THINK PAIR 2. Given: Parallelogram JUST
SHARE Prove: ∠JUS ≅ ∠STI; ∠UJT ≅ ∠TSU
Proof:
Statement Reasons
1. Parallelogram JUST 1. Given
2. Draw 𝑈𝑇 and 𝐽𝑆ഥ 2. Line Postulate
3. 𝐽𝑇 ≅ 𝑆𝑈 ; 𝑇𝑆 ≅ 𝐽𝑈 3. Parallelogram Property 1
ഥ ≅ 𝑆𝐽
4. 𝑈𝑇 ≅ 𝑇𝑈 ; 𝐽𝑆 ഥ 4. Reflexive Property
5. △TUJ ≅ △UTS ; △STJ ≅ △JUS 5. SSS Congruence Postulate
6. ∴∠JUS ≅ ∠STI; ∠UJT ≅ ∠TSU 6. Corresponding Parts of Congruent
Triangles are Congruent (CPCTC)
SHORT QUIZ Direction: Create a two-column proof to
prove the following.
1. Given: Parallelogram MATH
Prove: 𝑀𝐴 ≅ 𝑇𝐻 ; 𝐴𝑇 ≅ 𝑀𝐻
2. Given: Parallelogram DOST
with diagonal 𝐷𝑆
Prove: ∠O ≅ ∠T; ∠D ≅ ∠S
 Assignment
Make advance research on
proving the remaining 3
properties of parallelogram.
Thank you!
MATHEMATICS 9

Prepared by:
Michelle O. Dahan
Student Teacher
Bohol Island State University – Main Campus