JHS

Elective Mathematics-8
Using Parallel Lines & Proving Lines
Parallel
Fourth Quarter – Module 2 (Week 3&4)

GEOMETRY

Raymond M. Lipa
Author

Paolo D. Bundoc, Master Teacher I

Maria Girley N. Diquit, Master Teacher I
Validators

Mary Jane A. Amion

Checker

Emelita D. Bautista, Ed.D.

Editor/Reviewer

Muntinlupa Science High School

999 Buendia St., Tunasan, Muntinlupa City
(02) 85199770
After studying the lesson, the learners should be able to:
1. Use the properties of parallel lines to determine angle measures.
2. Recognize angle conditions that produce parallel lines, and
3. Prove two lines are parallel based on given angle relationships.

Part I. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer.

Part I. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. Which of the following are coplanar lines that do not intersect?

A. Parallel Lines C. Concurrent Lines
B. Perpendicular Lines D. Transversal
2. ⃡𝐴𝐵 ⊥ 𝐶𝐷
⃡ at point E. If 𝑚∠𝐵𝐸𝐶 = 2𝑥 + 3, then what is the value of 𝑥?
A. 43.5 C. 55
B. 77.5 D. 90
3. ∠1 and ∠2 are non-adjacent exterior angles on the same side of a trans-
versal. If 𝑚∠1 = 2𝑥 + 25 and 𝑚∠2 = 3𝑥 + 15, find the measure of ∠2.
A. 280 C. 560
B. 810 D. 990

For number 4-5, use the diagram at the right.

4. Which angles are corresponding angle?
A. ∠1 and ∠5 C. ∠2 and ∠7
B. ∠3 and ∠6 D. ∠2 and ∠3
5. Which angles are consecutive interior angles?
A. ∠3 and ∠5 C. ∠2 and ∠3
B. ∠2 and ∠7 D. ∠7 and ∠8

6. Which of the following must be true if a ⊥ b?

I. ∠1 and ∠2 are complementary.
II. 𝑚∠1 + 𝑚∠2 < 1800 .
III. 𝑚∠1 = 𝑚∠2
A. I only B. I and II C. II only D. I, II, and III
7. Which postulate or theorem would prove 𝑥 ∥ 𝑦?
A. Consecutive Interior Angles Converse
B. Corresponding Angles Converse
C. Alternate Interior Angles Converse
D. Alternate Exterior Angles Converse

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 8. Complete the following to make a true statement. “In a plane, if two
lines are ____ to the same line, then they are ______ to each other.”
A. Perpendicular, parallel C. perpendicular, perpendicular
B. Parallel, parallel D. All of the above

Part II. Complete the statements and reasons for each of the following
proofs.
Note: Acronyms and abbreviations are NOT ALLOWED.

Given: 𝑎 ∥ 𝑏; 𝑡 is a transversal of 𝑎 and 𝑏

Prove: ∠1 is supplementary to ∠3

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. ________________________________________________ 1.Given
2. ∠2 ≅ ∠6 2. _______________________________
3. ∠3 ≅ ∠2 3._______________________________
4.∠3 ≅ ∠2 4._______________________________

Answer the following questions.

A. ⃡𝐸𝐽 and ⃡𝐺𝐿 have transversal ⃡𝐼𝐾. Name the type of angle pair formed by
the given angles.
1. ∠𝑇𝑋𝑈 and ∠𝑊𝑌𝐺
2. ∠𝐸𝑋𝑌 and ∠𝑊𝑌𝐺
3. ∠𝑈𝑋𝑌 and ∠𝑌𝑋𝐸
4. ∠𝐺𝑌𝑋 and ∠𝑊𝑌𝑉
5. ∠𝑉𝑌𝑋 and ∠𝐸𝑋𝑌
6. ∠𝑉𝑌𝑋 and ∠𝑈𝑋𝑇

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 In geometry, parallel lines are lines in a plane which do not meet; that
is, two straight lines in a plane that do not intersect at any point are said to
be parallel. Colloquially, curves that do not touch each other or intersect and
keep a fixed minimum distance are said to be parallel. A line and a plane, or
two planes, in three-dimensional Euclidean space that do not share a point
are also said to be parallel. However, two lines in three-dimensional space
which do not meet must be in a common plane to be considered parallel;
otherwise, they are called skew lines. Parallel planes are planes in the same
three-dimensional space that never meet.

Parallel lines are the subject of Euclid's parallel postulate.[1]

Parallelism is primarily a property of affine geometries and Euclidean geome-
try is a special instance of this type of geometry. In some other geometries,
such as hyperbolic geometry, lines can have analogous properties that are
referred to as parallelism.

DISCUSSION

USING PARALLEL LINES

Postulate 11
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of
corresponding angles are is congruent.

We can use the Postulate 3-1 to prove that pairs of alternate interior angles
are also congruent. See the proof below.

Theorem 3-2
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of alternate
interior angles are is congruent.

Given: 𝑚 ∥ 𝑛; 𝑡 is a transversal of 𝑚 and 𝑛

Prove: ∠3 ≅ ∠2

We can establish some information from the given

that we can use to prove the theorem 3-2.

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Plan: Since 𝑚 ∥ 𝑛, the corresponding angles such as ∠3 and ∠1 are congruent.
Vertical angles such as ∠1 and ∠2, are also congruent. To show that ∠3 ≅ ∠2
we can use transitive property of congruence. So, here is the two-column
proof.

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. 𝑚 ∥ 𝑛; 𝑡 is a transversal of 𝑚 and 𝑛 1.Given
2. ∠3 ≅ ∠1 2. If two parallel lines are cut by a
transversal, then the corresponding
angles are congruent.
3. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 3.Vertical angles are congruent
4.∠3 ≅ ∠2 4.Transitive property of congruence.

Therefore, if 𝒎 ∥ 𝒏, then the alternate interior angles are congruent.

Theorem 3-3
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of alternate
exterior angles are congruent.

Given: 𝑚 ∥ 𝑛; 𝑡 is a transversal of 𝑚 and 𝑛

Prove: ∠1 ≅ ∠4 1

Plan: Since ∠2 ≅ ∠1 and ∠2 ≅ ∠4, to show that

∠1 ≅ ∠4, use the transitive property of
congruence.

Theorem 3-4
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of
consecutive interior angles are is supplementary.

Given: 𝑚 ∥ 𝑛; 𝑡 is a transversal of 𝑚 and 𝑛

Prove: ∠1 is supplementary to ∠3.

The proof of this theorem is included in your post-

test but you need to supply all the missing
information for you to completely prove theorem
3-2.

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Example 1. Find the value of x, y and z.
⃡ ∥ 𝐵𝐻
Since 𝐴𝐺 ⃡ , ∠𝐶𝐸𝐹 ≅ ∠𝐸𝐹𝐻 by the alternate interior angle theorem.

𝑚∠𝐶𝐸𝐹 = 𝑚∠𝐸𝐹𝐻
2𝑥 = 82
𝑥 = 41

⃡ ∥ 𝐸𝐹
Since 𝐶𝐷 ⃡ , ∠𝐷𝐶𝐸 and ∠𝐶𝐸𝐹 are supplemen-
tary by the consecutive interior angle theorem.

𝑚∠𝐷𝐶𝐸 + 𝑚∠𝐶𝐸𝐹 = 180

7𝑧 + 2𝑥 = 180
7𝑧 + 2ሺ41ሻ = 180
7𝑧 = 98
𝑧 = 14

⃡ ∥ 𝐸𝐹
Since 𝐶𝐷 ⃡ , ∠𝐵𝐷𝐼 ≅ ∠𝐸𝐹𝐻 by the alternate exterior angle theorem.
𝑚∠𝐵𝐷𝐼 = 𝑚∠𝐸𝐹𝐻
5𝑦 + 7 = 82
5𝑦 = 75
𝑦 = 15

Therefore, 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟏, 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟓, and 𝒛 = 𝟏𝟒.

Theorem 3-5
In a plane, if a line is perpendicular to one of two parallel lines, then
it is perpendicular to the other.

PROVING LINES PARALLEL

Let us begin with the following postulates:

Postulate 13
If there is a line and a point not on the line, then there is exactly one
line through the point parallel to the given line.

Postulate 13
If two lines in a plane are cut by transversal so that the corresponding
angles are congruent, then the lines are parallel.

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Example 2. Find the value of x that makes 𝑚 ∥ 𝑛.

Solutions: We can say that 𝑚 ∥ 𝑛 if the marked

corresponding angles are congruent.

So, 3𝑥 + 5 = 65
3𝑥 = 60
𝑥 = 20

Therefore, the lines 𝑚 and 𝑛 are parallel when 𝑥 = 20.

Theorem 3-6
If two lines in a plane are cut by a transversal so that a pair of
alternate interior angles is congruent, then the two lines are parallel.

Theorem 3-7
If two lines in a plane are cut by a transversal so that a pair of
alternate exterior angles is congruent, then the two lines are parallel.

Theorem 3-8
If two lines in a plane are cut by a transversal so that the pair of
consecutive interior angles are supplementary, then the lines are parallel.

Example 3. Are lines 𝑥 and 𝑦 parallel? Justify your answer.

a. c.

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 b.

𝑚∠1 = 880
𝑚∠4 = 920

Solutions:
a. 𝑚 ∦ 𝑛;
54 + 127 ≠ 180
b. 𝑚 ∥ 𝑛; the alternate interior angles are congruent.
c. 𝑚 ∥ 𝑛; the corresponding angles are congruent.

Theorem 3.9
In a plane, if two lines are perpendicular to the same line, then they
are parallel.

Given: 𝑙 and 𝑘 are coplanar;

𝑙 ⊥ 𝑡, and 𝑘 ⊥ 𝑡.
Prove: 𝑙 ∥ 𝑘

Plan: Since l⊥ 𝑡 and 𝑘 ⊥ 𝑡, ∠1 and ∠2 are right an-

gles; and thus ∠1 ≅ ∠2. ∠1 and ∠2 are congruent
corresponding angles; therefore, 𝑙 ∥ 𝑘 by postulate
3-6.

A. 1. If 𝑛 ∥ 𝑚 and ∠1 = 650 , find angles 2 to 8.

2. If 𝑛 ∥ 𝑚, ∠1 = ሺ𝑥 + 5ሻ0 and ∠2 = ሺ3𝑥 − 25ሻ0 .
Find all the angles.
3. If ∠2 = ሺ4𝑥 + 5ሻ0 and ∠8 = ሺ5𝑥 − 20ሻ0 , find
all the angles.
4. If ∠3 = ሺ4𝑥 − 10ሻ0 and ∠6 = ሺ5𝑥 + 10ሻ0 , find
all the angles.

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B. Arrows in the same direction indicate parallel lines. Find all the unknown
marked angles. State the reasons that support your solutions.
1. 2.

1. 4.

C. Copy and complete the proof

Given: 𝑚 ⊥ 𝑙
𝑙∥𝑝
Prove: 𝑚 ⊥ 𝑝

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. 𝑚 ⊥ 𝑙 1._______________________________
𝑙∥𝑝
2. ∠1 is a right angle 2. ______________________________
3. _______________________________ 3.Definition of right angle.
4.∠1 ≅ ∠2 4._______________________________
5. ________________________________ 5.Substitution Property
2. ∠2 is a right angle. 6._______________________________
3. __________________________________________ 7.Definition of perpendicular lines

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D. Copy and complete the proof

Given: ∠2 and ∠3 are supplementary

Prove: 𝑙 ∥ 𝑚

Proof:

Statements Reasons

i. ∠2 and ∠3 are supplementary 1._______________________________

ii. __________________________________________
iii. ∠1 and ∠2 are supplementary
4.___________________________________________
5. 𝑙 ∥ 𝑚
2. Definition of Linear Pair
3._______________________________
4.If two angles are supp. to the same
∠ then they are ≅.
5.________________________________

Following are the key points of this lesson.

Postulate 11
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of corre-
sponding angles are is congruent.
Theorem 3-2
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of alternate
interior angles are is congruent.
Theorem 3-3
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of alternate
exterior angles are congruent.
Theorem 3-4
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then each pair of consec-
utive interior angles are is supplementary.
Theorem 3-5
In a plane, if a line is perpendicular to one of two parallel lines, then it
is perpendicular to the other.
Postulate 13
If there is a line and a point not on the line, then there is exactly one
line through the point parallel to the given line.

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Postulate 13
If two lines in a plane are cut by transversal so that the corresponding
angles are congruent, then the lines are parallel.
Theorem 3-6
If two lines in a plane are cut by a transversal so that a pair of alternate
interior angles is congruent, then the two lines are parallel.
Theorem 3-7
If two lines in a plane are cut by a transversal so that a pair of alternate
exterior angles is congruent, then the two lines are parallel.
Theorem 3-8
If two lines in a plane are cut by a transversal so that the pair of con-
secutive interior angles are supplementary, then the lines are parallel.
Theorem 3.9
In a plane, if two lines are perpendicular to the same line, then they are
parallel.

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES

In the figure 𝑥 = ∠𝐴𝐶𝐷; arrows indicate parallel lines. Answer the following
questions.
1. If 𝑥 = 700 and 𝑡 = 300 , find 𝑝, 𝑞, and 𝑠.
2. If 𝑝 = 1300 , 𝑞 = 1450 , find 𝑥, 𝑠, and 𝑡.
3. If 𝑠 = 500 , and 𝑡 = 350 , find 𝑥, 𝑝, and 𝑞.
4. If 𝑥 = 800 and 𝑡 = ሺ𝑠 − 10ሻ0 find 𝑠, 𝑡, 𝑝 and 𝑞.
5. If 𝑞 = 8𝑡 and 𝑝 = 5𝑠, find all the five angles.

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Part I. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. Two lines that are coplanar and do not intersect is called _______.
A. Parallel Lines C. Concurrent Lines
B. Perpendicular Lines D. Transversal
2. If there is a line and a point not on the line, then there is exactly one
line through the point parallel to the given line.
A. Parallel Postulate C. Corresponding Angle Postulate
B. Perpendicular Postulate D. Linear Pair Postulate
3. Using the figure below, if l1 ∥ l2 and t is a transversal, then which of the
following is true about the measures of ∠4 and ∠6?
A. The sum of the measures of ∠4 and ∠6 is 1800 .
B. The measure of ∠4 is equal to the measure of ∠6.
C. The measure of ∠4 is greater than the ∠5.
D. The measure of ∠4 is less than the measure of ∠5.
4. Lines 𝑚 and 𝑛 are cut by a transversal 𝑞. What value of 𝑥 will make 𝑚 ∥
𝑛, given that ∠1 and ∠4 are corresponding angles and 𝑚∠1 = 5𝑥 – 11
and 𝑚∠4 = 3𝑥 + 5?
A. 6 C. 8
B. 10 D. 12
5. You are tasked to sketch a plan of a parking lot of a mall. Which of the
following should you include on the plan in order to maximize the use
of the area?
A. Landscaping designs C. use of parallel lines
B. Entrance art design D. use of different shape

For number 6-7, use the diagram at the right.

6. Which angles are alternate exterior angles?
A. ∠2 and ∠3 C. ∠1 and ∠5
B. ∠2 and ∠7 D. ∠3 and ∠6
7. What type of angles are ∠4 and ∠5?
A. Corresponding angles C. alternate exterior angles
B. Alternate interior angles D. consecutive interior angles
8. Which of the following is not true when a ∥ b?
A. ∠1 ≅ ∠5 and ∠4 ≅ ∠8
B. m∠2 = m∠6
C. m∠1 + m∠5 = 1800
D. m∠4 + m∠6 = 1800
9. Which postulate or theorem would prove 𝑥 ∥ 𝑦?
A. Consecutive Interior Angles Converse
B. Corresponding Angles Converse
C. Alternate Interior Angles Converse
D. Alternate Exterior Angles Converse

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 Part II. Complete the statements and reasons for each of the following
proofs. (5 points)
Note: Acronyms and abbreviations are NOT ALLOWED.

Given: 𝑎 ∥ 𝑏; 𝑡 is a transversal of 𝑎 and 𝑏

Prove: ∠1 is supplementary to ∠3

Proof:
Statements Reasons
1. 𝑎 ∥ 𝑏; 𝑡 is a transversal of 𝑎 and 𝑏 1.Given
2. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 2. _______________________________
3. 𝑚∠1 = 𝑚∠2 3._______________________________
4.∠2 and ∠3 are _______ 4.Linear Pair Postulate
5. 𝑚∠2 + 𝑚∠3 = 180 5._______________________________
6. 𝑚∠1 + 𝑚∠3 = 180 6._______________________________
7. ∠1 is supplementary to ∠3 7._______________________________

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 REFERENCES

• Geometry by Ron Larson, Laurie Boswell, Timothy D. Kanoldd and Lee

Stiff
• Geometry McDougal Littell Practice workbook
• Georgia Standardized Test Practice Workbook McDougal Littell Geome-
try correlated to the Georgia Quality Core Curriculum and the Georgia
High School Graduation Test Standards.
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_(geometry)#:~:text=In%20geom-
etry%2C%20parallel%20lines%20are,are%20said%20to%20be%20paral-
lel.
• https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-geometry-second-edition/sec-
tion/1.1/
• https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/business-catalog-ref-
erence-book-color-icon-vector-29168987
• Introduction to mathematical arguments by Michael Hutchings
• Merrill Geometry Applications and Connections
• Prentice Hall Geometry by Robert Kalin and Mary Kay Corbitt

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