DEFINE AND ILLUSTRATE THE FOLLOWING TERMS

• Congruent segment
- segments that have the same length.
• Congruent angles
- angles that have the same length
• Vertical angles
- are pair angles formed when two lines
intersect.
• Adjacent angles
- are two angles that have a common side
and a common vertex (corner point) but do
not overlap in any way.
DEFINE AND ILLUSTRATE THE FOLLOWING TERMS
• Supplementary angles
- are angels which measurement add up to
180 degrees.
• Parallel lines
- lines in the same plane that are at equal
distance from each other and never meet.
• Perpendicular lines
- are lines that intersect at a right (90
degrees) angle.
DEFINE AND ILLUSTRATE THE FOLLOWING TERMS
• Segment bisector
- is a line, a ray, a line segment, or a point that
cuts a line segment at the center dividing the
line into two equal parts.
• Midpoint of a segment
- the point on that line segment that divides the
segment into two congruent segments.
• Transversal lines
- is a line that intersects two or more other
(often parallel ) lines.
PARALLELOGRAM
AND THEIR
PROPERTIES
 J E

N A

• THEOREM 6.2.1
A diagonal of a parallelogram divides
the parallelogram into two congruent
triangles.
 J E
1
2

3
4
N A

STATEMENTS REASONS
1. JEAN is a parallelogram with diagonal 𝐽𝐴 Given

2. 𝐽𝐸 ∥ 𝑁𝐴 and 𝐽𝑁 ∥ 𝐸𝐴 Definition of a parallelogram

3. ∠1 ≅ ∠4 and ∠2 ≅ ∠3 Alternate Interior Angle Theorem

4. 𝐽𝐴 ≅ 𝐽𝐴 Reflexive Property of Congruence

5. 𝐽𝑁𝐴 ≅ 𝐴𝐸𝐽 ASA Congruence Postulate

Using the diagonal NE, it can be shown similarly that 𝑁𝐽𝐴 ≅ 𝐸𝐴𝑁.
• THEOREM 6.2.2
Opposite sides of a parallelogram are
congruent.
 J E

Given: JEAN with diagonal 𝐽𝐴

Prove: 𝐽𝐸 ≅ 𝑁𝐴 and 𝐽𝑁 ≅ 𝐸𝐴
N A

PROOF:
By theorem 6.2.1, we have JNA ≅ AEJ . Since
the two triangles are congruent, by CPCTC
(corresponding parts of congruent triangles are
congruent), we obtain 𝐽𝐸 ≅ 𝑁𝐴 and 𝐽𝑁 ≅ 𝐸𝐴 .
• THEOREM 6.2.3
Opposite angles of a parallelogram
are congruent.
 J E
Given: JEAN with diagonals 𝐽𝐴 and 𝑁𝐸
Prove ∠𝑁𝐽𝐸 ≅ ∠𝐸𝐴𝑁 and ∠𝐽𝑁𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐴𝐸𝐽

N A

PROOF:
By theorem 6.2.1, we have JNA ≅ AEJ and
have NJE ≅ EAN . Since these two pairs of
triangles are congruent, by applying the concept of
CPCTC, we obtain ∠𝑁𝐽𝐸 ≅ ∠𝐸𝐴𝑁 and ∠𝐽𝑁𝐴 ≅
∠𝐴𝐸𝐽 .
• THEOREM 6.2.4
Consecutive angles of a parallelogram
are supplementary.
 J E

Given: JEAN
Prove: ∠𝐽 and ∠𝐸 are supplementary.
N A

STATEMENTS REASONS
1. JEAN is a parallelogram Given

The sum of the angles of a

2. m∠𝐽 +m∠𝐸 + m∠𝐴 + m∠𝑁 = 360°
quadrilateral is 180°
Opposite angles of parallelogram are
3. ∠𝐽 ≅ ∠𝐴 and ∠𝐸 ≅ ∠𝑁
congruent
4. m∠𝐽 = m∠𝐴 and m∠N = m∠𝐸 Definition of congruent angles
5. m∠𝐽 +m∠𝐸 + m∠𝐴 + m∠𝑁 = 360°
Substitution Property
2m∠𝐽 + 2m∠𝐸 = 360°

6. m∠𝐽 + m∠𝐸 = 180° Division Property of Equality

7. ∠𝐽 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠𝐸 are supplementary Definition of supplementary angles

• THEOREM 6.2.5
Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect
each other.
 J E
1 2

G Given: JEAN with diagonals 𝐽𝐴 and 𝑁𝐸

3 4 Prove: 𝐽𝐺 ≅ 𝐴𝐺 and 𝑁𝐺 ≅ 𝐸𝐺
N A

STATEMENTS REASONS
1. JEAN is a parallelogram with diagonals
𝐽𝐴 and 𝑁𝐸 intersecting at point G.
Given

2. 𝐽𝐸 ∥ 𝑁𝐴 and 𝐽𝑁 ∥ 𝐸𝐴 Definition of parallelogram

3. ∠1 ≅ ∠4 and ∠2 ≅ ∠3 Alternate Interior Angle Theorem

Opposite sides of parallelogra, are
4. 𝐽𝐸 ≅ 𝑁𝐴
congruent.
5. 𝐽𝐸𝐺 ≅ 𝐴𝑁𝐺 ASA Congruence Postulate

6. 𝐽𝐺 ≅ 𝐴𝐺 and 𝑁𝐺 ≅ 𝐸𝐺 CPCTC
 TEST FOR
PARALLELOGRAMS
• THEOREM 6.3.1
If a quadrilateral has two pairs of
parallel opposite sides, then it is a
parallelogram.
• THEOREM 6.3.2
If a quadrilateral has two opposite
sides that are both parallel and
congruent, then it is a parallelogram.
• THEOREM 6.3.3
If a quadrilateral has two pairs of
congruent opposite angles, then it is a
parallelogram.
• THEOREM 6.3.4
If the diagonals of a quadrilateral
bisect each other, then the quadrilateral is
a parallelogram.
• THEOREM 6.3.5 (The Midsegment
Theorem)
If the diagonals of a quadrilateral
bisect each other, then the quadrilateral is
a parallelogram.
 SPECIAL
PARALLELOGRAMS
• THEOREM 6.4.1
The diagonals of a rectangle are
congruent.
• THEOREM 6.4.2
The diagonals of a rhombus are
perpendicular.
• THEOREM 6.4.1
The diagonals of a rectangle are
congruent.
• THEOREM 6.4.3
Each diagonal of a rhombus bisects
the two opposite angles.
• THEOREM 6.4.4
If the diagonals of a parallelogram are
congruent, then it is a rectangle.