Mathematics Activity

Sheet
Quarter 3–Week 6 – 7
❖ Proving Two Triangles are Congruent.
❖ Proving Statements on Triangle
Congruence

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

 Quarter 3, Week 6-7

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 6 – 7

MATHEMATICS 8 ACTIVITY SHEET
Proving Two Triangles are Congruent.
Proving Statements on Triangle Congruence.

I. Learning Competency
➢ Proves two triangles are congruent (M8GE-IIIg-1)
➢ Proves statements on triangle congruence. (M8GE-IIIh-1)

II. Background Information for Learners / Educational Sites

INTRODUCTION

This lesson will focus on proving two triangles are congruent. Two triangles are congruent if
and only if all their corresponding parts are congruent.

In proving two triangles are congruent, see to it that there are postulates and theorems that
you can use to prove triangle congruence as well as you can write formal proofs to establish and
justify triangle congruence. Note that only three parts of a triangle are involved in each of them.

You will also consider proving statements on triangle congruence. You can use two-column
proofs to prove triangles congruent. A two-column proof is a method in proving two triangles are
congruent or statements on triangle congruence using properties that justify each step. The
properties are called reasons. There are two key components of any proof - statements and reasons.
Congruent triangles are easy to identify because you can apply postulates, known as Side-Angle-Side
(SAS), Angle-Side-Angle (ASA), Side-Side-Side (SSS), and theorem known as Angle-Angle-Side (AAS) in
determining congruence in triangles.

A. What are the parts needed in proving two triangles to be congruent using the following
postulates/theorem?
a) SSS congruence postulates
b) SAS congruence postulates
c) ASA congruence postulates
d) AAS congruence theorem

Note: Recall the different terms and their definitions, properties of equality, axioms and
proven thoerems.

A two-column proof is a method in proving two triangles are congruent or statements on

triangle congruence using properties, given conditions, postulates and previously proven statements
that justify each step. The properties are called reasons. There are two key components of any proof
- statements and reasons. (Note: “Prove” cannot be used as a reason. Only “Given” statement/s
because it is already assumed to be true)

First, there are 4 theorems related to right triangles.

1. LL Congruence Theorem - If the legs of one right triangle are congruent to the legs of
another right triangle, then the triangles are congruent.

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 (The two legs of the right triangles are congruent as given and since the two triangles
are right triangles at O and A, then ∠𝑂 ≅ ∠𝐴 by definition of right angles which forms the
congruent parts as SAS, the two triangles are congruent by SAS Congruence Postulate)

2. LA (leg-acute angle) Congruence Theorem - If a leg and an acute angle of one right triangle
are congruent to a leg and an acute angle of another right triangle, then the triangles are
congruent.
(The LA congruence Theorem can be proven by ASA Congruence Postulate / AAS
Congruence Theorem which was proven to be true previously)
3. HyL (Hypotenuse-leg) Congruence Theorem - If the hypotenuse and a leg of one right
triangle are congruent to the corresponding hypotenuse and a leg of another triangle, then
the triangles are congruent. (Also known as HL Congruence Theorem)
4. HyA (Hypotenuse-Acute angle) Congruence Theorem - If the hypotenuse and an acute angle
of one right triangle are congruent to the corresponding hypotenuse and an acute angle of
another right triangle, then the triangles are congruent. (Also known as HA Congruence
Theorem)

Illustrative Example 1:
Given: ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐷𝐸
𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅
∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐸
̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 𝐸𝐹
Prove: 𝛥𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝛥𝐷𝐸𝐹

Solution: (Observe the given congruent parts and show them on the triangles to know the
relationship of the parts for the Postulate/Theorem to be considered.)

Statements Reasons
1. ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐷𝐸
𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ 1. Given
2. ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐸 2. Given
3. ̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 𝐸𝐹 3. Given
4. 𝛥𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝛥𝐷𝐸𝐹 4. SAS Congruence Postulate

Two triangles are congruent if their vertices can be paired so that corresponding sides are
congruent and corresponding angles are congruent.
CPCTC is an acronym for corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent. It is
commonly used at or near the end of a proof which asks the student to show that two angles or two
sides are congruent.

Illustrative Example 2:

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 Given: 𝑀𝐻 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅̅̅ 𝑀𝐴
̅̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝑇 ≅ 𝐴𝑇̅̅̅̅
Prove: 𝛥𝑀𝐻𝑇 ≅ 𝛥𝑀𝐴𝑇

(Hint: Since there are only two parts of the triangle stated as congruent, look for another part that
can be said to be congruent supported by a property/definition)

Statements Reasons
1. 𝑀𝐻 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅̅̅ 𝑀𝐴 1. Given
2. ̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐴𝑇
𝐻𝑇 ̅̅̅̅ 2. Given
3. ̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑀𝑇
𝑀𝑇 ̅̅̅̅̅ 3. Reflexive Property of Equality
4. 𝛥𝑀𝐻𝑇 ≅ 𝛥𝑀𝐴𝑇 4. SSS Congruence Postulate

Illustrative Example 3:

Given: ̅̅̅̅ bisects ∠𝑂𝑆𝐸

𝑅𝑆
̅̅̅̅ bisects ∠𝑂𝑅𝐸
𝑅𝑆
Prove: 𝛥𝑅𝑆𝐸 ≅ 𝛥𝑅𝑆𝑂
(Hint: What does it mean by “bisects”?)

Statements Reasons
1. ̅̅̅̅
𝑅𝑆 bisects ∠𝑂𝑆𝐸 1. Given
2. ∠𝑂𝑆𝑅 ≅ ∠𝐸𝑆𝑅 2. Definition of angle bisector
3. ̅̅̅̅ bisects ∠𝑂𝑅𝐸
𝑅𝑆 3. Given
4. ∠𝑂𝑅𝑆 ≅ ∠𝐸𝑅𝑆 4. Definition of angle bisector
5. ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑅𝑆
𝑅𝑆 ̅̅̅̅ 5. Reflexive Property of Equality
6. 𝛥𝑅𝑆𝐸 ≅ 𝛥𝑅𝑆𝑂 6. ASA Congruence Postulate

Illustrative Example 4: Proving the AAS Congruence Theorem – Corresponding two angles and a
non-included side. (Note: In this problem, AAS congruence cannot be used yet since it is
not yet proven to be true)

Given: ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐷𝐸
𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅
∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐷
∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝐹
Prove: 𝛥𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝛥𝐷𝐸𝐹
(Hint: Since we cannot use AAS, we should find another part of the triangles to be
congruent either a side-SAS or the third angle-ASA. Remember that the sum of the
interior angles of a triangle is 1800.)

Statements Reasons
1. ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐷𝐸 1. Given
2. ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐷 2. Given
3. ∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝐹 3. Given
4. 𝑚∠𝐴 = 𝑚∠𝐷 ; 𝑚∠𝐶 = 𝑚∠𝐹 4. Definition of Congruent angles
5. 𝑚∠𝐴 + 𝑚∠𝐵 + 𝑚∠𝐶 = 180 (1) 5. Properties of a Triangle
𝑚∠𝐷 + 𝑚∠𝐸 + 𝑚∠𝐹 = 180 (2)
6. 𝑚∠𝐴 + 𝑚∠𝐵 + 𝑚∠𝐶 = 𝑚∠𝐷 + 6. Transitive Property of equality (5)
𝑚∠𝐸 + 𝑚∠𝐹

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 7. 𝑚∠𝐴 + 𝑚∠𝐵 + 𝑚∠𝐶 = 𝑚∠𝐴 + 7. Substitution Property of Equality (5)(6)
𝑚∠𝐸 + 𝑚∠𝐶
8. 𝑚∠𝐵 = 𝑚∠𝐸 8. Addition/Subtraction Property of
Equality (7)
9. ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐸 9. Definition of Congruent angles
10. 𝛥𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝛥𝐷𝐸𝐹 10. ASA Congruence Postulate (1)(2)(9)

Illustrative Example 5: Proving using the AAS Congruence Theorem after proven.

Given: ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐷𝐸
𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅
∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐷
∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝐹
Prove: ̅̅̅̅ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 𝐸𝐹
(Hint: Proven Theorem can be used once proven true by postulates/other proven
theorems.)

Statements Reasons
1. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐷𝐸̅̅̅̅ 1. Given
2. ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐷 2. Given
3. ∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝐹 3. Given
4. 𝛥𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ 𝛥𝐷𝐸𝐹 4. AAS Congruence Theorem
5. ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐹 5. CPCTC

In proving two triangles are congruent and proving statements on triangle congruence:

1. Identify the given conditions to formulate a plan of what postulate/theorem could prove
the congruence of triangles.
2. Use two-column proof to show congruence of triangle with corresponding reasons.
3. Use Postulates/Proven Theorems to prove congruence of two triangles.
4. Use CPCTC to prove statements on triangle congruence.
Remember:
Theorems can only be used to prove statements once proven to be true.

III. Practice!

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 Exercise 2

Statements Reasons
1. ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑄 ≅ 𝑅𝑄; ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑆 ≅ 𝑅𝑆 1.
2. ̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑄𝑆
𝑄𝑆 ̅̅̅̅ 2.
3. 𝛥𝑃𝑄𝑆 ≅ 𝛥𝑅𝑄𝑆 3.
4. ∠1 ≅ ∠2; ∠𝑃𝑆𝑄 ≅ ∠𝑅𝑆𝑄 4.
5. ̅̅̅̅
𝑄𝑆 ⊥ ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝑅 5.

IV.
Direction: Write a 2-column proof for the figure at the right.
Choices:
A. Reflexive Property of Equality F. LA Congruence Theorem
B. Definition of Angle Bisector G. LL Congruence Theorem
C. Definition of Isosceles 𝛥 H. Given
D. SAS Congruence Postulate I. Angle Addidition
E. CPCTC J. Transitive Property

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 1. Given: 𝛥𝑃𝑀𝑂 is an isosceles 𝛥, ̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝐽𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 ∠𝑃𝑀𝑂
Prove: 𝑃𝐼 ̅̅̅ ; ∠𝑃 ≅ ∠𝑂
̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐼𝑂

Statements Reasons
1. 𝛥𝑃𝑀𝑂 is an isosceles 𝛥 1.
𝑃𝑀 ≅ ̅̅̅̅̅
2. ̅̅̅̅̅ 𝑂𝑀 2.
3. ̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝐽𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 ∠𝑃𝑀𝑂 3.
4. ∠𝑃𝑀𝐽 ≅ ∠𝑂𝑀𝐽 4.
5. ̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝐼 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝐼 5.
6. ∆𝑃𝑀𝐽 ≅ ∆𝑂𝑀𝐽 6.
7. 𝑃𝐼 ̅̅̅
̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐼𝑂 7.
8. ∠𝑃 ≅ ∠𝑂 8.

9. A right triangle theorem that states “if a leg and an acute angle of one right triangle are
congruent to a leg and an acute angle of another right triangle, then the triangles are
congruent.”
10. It states that “if the legs of one right triangle are congruent to the legs of another right
triangle, then the triangles are congruent.”

ANSWER KEY:

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