Geometry

Opportunity is missed by most people because it is

dressed in overalls and looks like work.

Thomas Edison
Before you proceed, check yourself first if you already know the skills needed
for you to understand this module. By doing the following activities, you will
recall your knowledge about the properties of parallel lines cut by a
transversal.
Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
Name:
1. 2 pairs of corresponding angles __________ _________
2. 2 pairs of alternate interior angles __________ _________
3. 2 pairs of alternate exterior angles __________ _________
4. 2 pairs of interior angles on the same __________ _________
side of the transversal
5. 2 pairs of exterior angles on the same __________ _________
side of the transversal
6. Find the value of x
a. m∠1 = 4x + 45 and m∠8 = 3x + 60___________
A zip line is a rope or a cable that you can ride down on a pulley. The
pair of zip lines below goes from a 20- foot tall tower to a 15- foot
tower 150 meters away in a slightly inclined ground as shown in the
sketch. (Note: Tension of the rope is excluded.)

1. What kind of angle pairs are ∠M and ∠A? ∠MHT and ∠ATH?
2.Using the given information stated in the figure, what are the measures of the four angles?
3. Are the two towers parallel? Why do you say so?
4. Is the zip line parallel to the ground? Why do you say so?
Parallel Lines and Transversals

What would you call two lines which do not intersect?

Parallel
B
Exterior A A solid arrow placed on two
Interior lines of a diagram indicate
D the lines are parallel.
C
The symbol || is used to
Exterior indicate parallel lines.
AB || CD
Parallel Lines and Transversals
A slash through the parallel symbol || indicates the lines are
not parallel.

B AB || CD
A
D

C
 Transversal
A line, ray, or segment that intersects 2 or more
COPLANAR lines, rays, or segments.

Exterior
Exterior Parallel lines
Interior Non- Interior
Parallel
Exterior lines Exterior
transversal transversal
 Parallel Lines and Transversals
Transversal -

A transversal is a line which intersects two or more lines

in a plane. The intersected lines do not have to be
parallel.

Lines j, k, and m are

j k m
intersected by line t.
t Therefore, line t is a
transversal of lines j,
k, and m.
INTERIOR –The space INSIDE the 2 lines

interior

EXTERIOR -The space OUTSIDE the 2 lines

exterior

exterior
 Special Angle Relationships
Interior Angles
<3 & <6 are Alternate Interior angles
Exterior 1 2 <4 & <5 are Alternate Interior angles
<3 & <5 are Same Side Interior angles
34 <4 & <6 are Same Side Interior angles
Interior
56
78
Exterior Exterior Angles
<1 & <8 are Alternate Exterior angles
<2 & <7 are Alternate Exterior angles
<1 & <7 are Same Side Exterior angles
<2 & <8 are Same Side Exterior angles
 Special Angle Relationships
WHEN THE LINES ARE
PARALLEL

♥Alternate Interior Angles

Exterior 1 2 are CONGRUENT
34 ♥Alternate Exterior Angles are
Interior CONGRUENT
56
78 ♥Same Side Interior Angles are
ExteriorIf the lines are not SUPPLEMENTARY
parallel, these angle
relationships DO ♥Same Side Exterior Angles are
NOT EXIST. SUPPLEMENTARY
Corresponding Angles &
Consecutive Angles
Corresponding Angles: Two angles that occupy
corresponding positions.
 2   6,  1   5,  3   7,  4   8

1 2Exteri
3 4 or
5 6 Interior
7 8
Exteri
or
 Corresponding Angles
When two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, pairs of
corresponding angles are formed.
L Line L
G GPB = PQE
Line M
A P B GPA = PQD

Line N
BPQ = EQF
D Q E
F
APQ = DQF

Four pairs of corresponding angles are formed.

Corresponding pairs of angles are congruent.

Same Side
Interior/Exterior Angles
Same Side Interior Angles: Two angles that lie between parallel
lines on the same sides of the transversal.
m3 +m5 = 180º, m4 +m6 = 180º

Same Side Exterior Angles: Two angles that lie outside parallel
lines on the same sides of the transversal.
1 2 Exterior
m1 +m7 = 180º, m2 +m8 =
180º 3 4
5 6 Interior
7 8
Exterior
 Interior Angles
The angles that lie in the area between the two parallel lines
that are cut by a transversal, are called interior angles.

L Line L
G
Exterior BPQ + EQP = 1800
Line M
A 1200 P 600 B
600 1200 Interior
Line N APQ + DQP = 1800
D Q E
F Exterior

A pair of interior angles lie on the same side of the

transversal.
The measures of interior angles in each pair add up to 1800.
Alternate Interior/Exterior Angles
 Alternate Interior Angles: Two angles that lie between
parallel lines on opposite sides of the transversal (but not a
linear pair).  3   6,  4   5
Alternate Exterior Angles: Two angles that lie outside parallel
lines on opposite sides of the transversal.
 2   7,  1   8
1 2
Exterior
3 4
5 6
Interior
7 8
Exterior
 Alternate Interior Angles
Alternate angles are formed on opposite sides of the
transversal and at different intersecting points.

L Line L
G
Line M BPQ = DQP
A P B
APQ = EQP
Line N
D Q E
F
Two pairs of alternate angles are formed.
Pairs of alternate angles are congruent.
 TRANSVERSAL
A line that intersects two or more lines at different points
is called a transversal.
When two or more lines are cut by a
transversal, the angles which occupy the same
relative position are called corresponding
angles .

In the figure the pairs of corresponding angles

are:
∠1 and ∠5
∠2 and ∠6
∠3 and ∠7
∠4 and ∠8
When the lines are parallel, the corresponding angles
are congruent .
When two lines are cut by a transversal, the pairs of
angles on one side of the transversal and inside the
two lines are called the consecutive interior angles .
In the above figure, the consecutive interior angles
are:
∠3 and ∠6
∠4 and ∠5
Illustrative examples:
1. Two lines are parallel if and only if they are coplanar and they do
not intersect.

a. The angles formed by the transversal with the two other lines are called:
• exterior angles ( ∠1, ∠2, ∠7 and ∠8)
• interior angles (∠3, ∠4, ∠5 and ∠6).
b. The pairs of angles formed by the transversal with the other two lines are called:
• corresponding angles( ∠1 and ∠5, ∠2 and ∠6, ∠3 and ∠7, ∠4 and ∠8)
• alternate-interior angles ( ∠3 and ∠6, ∠4 and ∠5)
• alternate-exterior angles (∠1 and ∠8, ∠2 and ∠7)
• interior angles on the same side of the transversal ( ∠3 and ∠5, ∠4 and ∠6)
• exterior angles on the same side of the transversal ( ∠1 and ∠7, ∠2 and ∠8)
If two lines are cut by a transversal, then the two lines are
parallel if:
a. corresponding angles are congruent.
b. alternate-interior angles are congruent.
c. alternate-exterior angles are congruent.
d. interior angles on the same side of the transversal are
supplementary.
e. exterior angles on the same side of the transversal are
supplementary.
4. Using the figure below, if the m∠1 = 155, find the
measure of the given angles below applying the properties
of parallel lines cut by a transversal.

m∠2 = 35
m∠3 = 35

m∠4 = 155
m∠5 = 35
m∠6 = 155
3.1 Check Up
Identify the vocabulary term for each pair of angles
represented in the picture.
1. 3 and 6
2. 1 and 8
3. 2 and 6
4. 1 and 6
5. 3 and 5
You named angle pairs formed by parallel lines
and transversals.

• Use theorems to determine the relationships

between specific pairs of angles.
• Use algebra to find angle measurements.
 3.2 Angles and Parallel Lines

Objectives:
1. Properties of parallel lines and transversals
2. Using properties of parallel lines in proofs

Vocabulary:
parallel, transversal, corresponding, alternate
interior, alternate exterior, consecutive interior
 3.2 Angles and Parallel Lines
If 2 parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then:
corresponding angles are congruent.
alternate interior angles are congruent.
alternate exterior angles are congruent.
consecutive interior angles are supplementary.

1 2
4 3
5 6
8 7
 3.3 Parallel Lines and Transversals
If l1|| l2 , find x.
2x + 4
l1
What type of angles do
you have?
l2
Alternate
Exterior
110
x = 53
If l1|| l2 , find x a nd y.
l1
y + 20
x = 105
x l2
y = 85 75
 3.3 Parallel Lines and Transversals

How many angles in the diagram have a

measure of 100o?

100o
G iv e n : l1 || l2 2
3
l3 || l4
Pro v e :  1   2 1

Statements Reasons
1. Given  ALWAYS

4. Transitive Property of Congruency.

 The following examples in this module will help you
prove properties of parallel lines cut by a transversal.
Illustrative examples:
1. Two lines are parallel if and only if they are coplanar and they do not
intersect.
2. A line that intersects two or more lines at different points is
called a transversal.
a. The angles formed by the transversal with the two other lines
are called:
• exterior angles ( ∠1, ∠2, ∠7 and ∠8)
• interior angles (∠3, ∠4, ∠5 and ∠6).
b. The pairs of angles formed by the transversal with the other
two lines are called:
• corresponding angles( ∠1 and ∠5, ∠2 and ∠6, ∠3 and ∠7,
∠4 and ∠8)
• alternate-interior angles ( ∠3 and ∠6, ∠4 and ∠5)
• alternate-exterior angles (∠1 and ∠8, ∠2 and ∠7)
• interior angles on the same side of the transversal ( ∠3 and
∠5, ∠4 and ∠6)
• exterior angles on the same side of the transversal ( ∠1 and
∠7, ∠2 and ∠8)
3. If two lines are cut by a transversal, then the two
lines are parallel if:
a. corresponding angles are congruent.
b. alternate-interior angles are congruent.
c. alternate-exterior angles are congruent.
d. interior angles on the same side of the transversal
are supplementary.
e. exterior angles on the same side of the transversal
are supplementary.
4. Using the figure below, if the m∠1 = 55, find the
measure of the given angles below applying the
properties of parallel lines cut by a transversal

m∠3 = 35

m∠4 = 155
m∠5 = 35
m∠6 = 155
m∠7 = 35
m∠8 = 155
Postulates and Theorems:
CACP Postulate
Given two lines cut by a transversal, if
corresponding angles are congruent, then the
two lines are parallel.

If ∠a≌∠e,
therefore m∥ n
AICP Postulate
Given two lines cut by a transversal, if alternate
interior angles are congruent, then the lines are
parallel.

If ∠a≌∠e,
therefore m∥ n
SSIAS Theorem
Given two lines cut by a transversal, if alternate
interior angles are congruent, then the lines are
parallel.

If ∠d and ∠e are
supplementary,
therefore m∥ n
AI-CATheorem
Given two lines cut by a transversal, if alternate
interior angles are congruent, then the corresponding
angles are congruent .

If ∠a≌∠b, then
∠b≌∠c.
The Perpendicular to a Third Line Theorem
If two coplanar lines are perpendicular to a third line,
then they are parallel to each other.

If l1⊥t and l2⊥t,

then l1∥l2
The Three Parallel Lines Theorem
In a plane, if two lines are both parallel to a third line,
then they are parallel

If m∥land n∥l , then

m ∥n
The following are examples in proving
properties of parallel lines cut by a transversal.
To show that you have learned the important concepts in this module and to end this lesson
meaningfully, accomplish this activity.
In this module I learned about
 
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These are important because
 
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I can use the concepts of parallelism in my life by
 
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Directions: Fill in the blanks with correct Statements and
Reasons to complete the proof. The choices are written in the
box below.

a.Given: ∠a≌∠b
Prove: ∠b≌∠c
Statements  Reasons

1. ________________ 1. Given

2. ∠a≌∠c 2. _____________________

3. ∠b≌∠c 3. _____________________

Transitive Property
b.Given: m∥ n
Prove: ∠4≌∠6

Statements  Reasons

1. _______________ 1. Given

2. m∠3 + m∠4 = 180 2. _______________

3. m∠3 + m∠6 = 180 3. _______________

4. m∠3 + m∠4 = m∠3 + m∠6 4. _______________

5. m∠4 = m∠6 5. _______________

6. _______________ 6. Definition of congruence

Situation:
If boats sail at an angle of 450 to the wind and the wind is
constant, will their paths ever cross?