M40|STONE/ CONCRETE/ QUARRY/ CERAMIC TILING/ MOSAIC

M40 STONE/ CONCRETE/ QUARRY/ CERAMIC TILING/ MOSAIC

TYPES OF TILING/ MOSAIC

110 TILING TO ______

- Tiles: ______ .
- Manufacturer/ Supplier: ______ .
Product reference: ______ .
- Colour: ______ .
- Finish: ______ .
- Size: ______ .
- Thickness: ______ .
- Background/ Base: ______ .
- Preparation: ______ .
- Intermediate substrate: ______ .
- Bedding: ______ .
- Reinforcement: ______ .
- Adhesive: ______ .
- Joint width: ______ .
- Grout: ______ .
- Type/ classification: ______ .
- Movement joints: ______ .
- Accessories: ______ .

115 NATURAL STONE TILING TO ______

- Stone:
- Name (traditional): ______ .
- Petrological family: ______ .
- Colour: ______ .
- Origin: ______ .
- Finish: ______ .
- Supplier: ______ .
- Quality: Free from vents, cracks, fissures, discoloration, or other defects deleterious to
strength/ colour.
- Size: ______ .
- Thickness: ______ .
- Other requirements: ______ .
- Background/ Base: ______ .
- Preparation: ______ .
- Intermediate substrate: ______ .
- Bedding: ______ .
- Reinforcement: ______ .
- Adhesive: ______ .
- Joint width: ______ .
- Grout: ______ .
- Type/ classification: ______ .
- Movement joints: ______ .

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- Accessories: ______ .

120 MOSAIC TO ______

- Mosaic: ______ .
- Manufacturer/ Supplier: ______ .
Product reference: ______ .
- Colour: ______ .
- Finish: ______ .
- Size: ______ .
- Thickness: ______ .
- Background/ Base: ______ .
- Preparation: ______ .
- Intermediate substrate: ______ .
- Bedding: Thin bed adhesive as clause ______ .
- Adhesive: ______ .
- Grout: ______ .
- Type/ classification: ______ .
- Movement joints: ______ .
- Accessories: ______ .

GENERALLY

210 SUITABILITY OF BACKGROUNDS/ BASES

- Background/ base tolerances: To permit specified flatness/ regularity of finished surfaces
given the permissible minimum and maximum thickness of bedding.
- New background drying times (minimum):
- Concrete walls: 6 weeks.
- Brick/ block walls: 6 weeks.
- Rendering: 2 weeks.
- Gypsum plaster: 4 weeks.
- New base drying times (minimum):
- Concrete slabs: 6 weeks.
- Cement:sand screeds: 3 weeks.

215 FALLS IN BASES

- General: Give notice if falls are inadequate.

220 SWIMMING POOL TILING

- Watertightness of pool base/ substrate structure: Test and prove to be watertight.
- Time intervals between stages of the work (minimum):
- Completion (curing) of pool shell to start of rendering/ screeding/ tiling: 6 weeks.
- Completion of rendering/ screeding to start of tiling: 3 weeks.
- Completion of tiling to start of grouting: 3 days.
- Completion of grouting and sealing of movement joints to filling of pool: 3 weeks.
- Filling, emptying and heating pool: Minimize stresses.
- Maximum filling and emptying rate: 750 mm/24 hour.
- Maximum rate of heating water: 0.25°C/hour.

250 SAMPLES

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- General: Submit representative samples of the following: ______ .

260 CONTROL SAMPLES

- General: Complete sample areas, being part of finished work, in locations as follows:
______ .

PREPARATION

310 EXISTING BACKGROUNDS/ BASES GENERALLY

- Efflorescence, laitance, dirt and other loose material: Remove.
- Deposits of oil, grease and other materials incompatible with the bedding: Remove.
- Tile, paint and other nonporous surfaces: Clean.
- Wet backgrounds: Dry before tiling.

320 EXISTING CONCRETE/ SCREEDS

- Loose or hollow portions: Cut out.
- Making good: ______ .

330 EXISTING PLASTER

- Plaster which is loose, soft, friable, badly cracked or affected by efflorescence: Remove. Cut
back to straight horizontal and vertical edges.
- Making good: Use plaster or nonshrinking filler.

340 EXISTING GLAZED BRICK

- Defective areas: Cut out.
- Making good: ______ .

350 EXISTING TILES

- Loose or hollow sounding tiles: Remove.
- Making good: ______ .

355 OLD ADHESIVE RESIDUES ON CONCRETE/ SCREED BASES

- Soft or unsound adhesive residues: Remove without damaging base.

360 EXISTING PAINT

- Paint with unsatisfactory adhesion: Remove so as not to impair bedding adhesion.

370 NEW IN SITU CONCRETE

- Mould oil, surface retarders and other materials incompatible with bedding: Remove.

380 NEW PLASTER

- Plaster: Dry, solidly bedded, free from dust and friable matter.
- Plaster primer: Apply if recommended by adhesive manufacturer.

390 PLASTERBOARD BACKGROUNDS

- Boards: Dry, securely fixed and rigid with no protruding fixings and face to receive
decorative finish exposed.

400 BACKGROUNDS ______

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- Boards: Dry, securely fixed and rigid with no protruding fixings.

- Surfaces to be tiled: Seal or prime if recommended by adhesive manufacturer.

410 HACKING FOR KEY

- Keying: Roughen backgrounds thoroughly and evenly. Remove surface to depth of 3 mm.
- Backrounds to be keyed: ______ .

420 RAKING OUT FOR KEY

- Soft joints in existing masonry: Rake out to a depth of 13 mm (minimum).

430 SPATTERDASHING FOR KEY

- Spatterdash mix:
- Cement: Portland to BS EN 197-1 type CEM I/42.5.
- Sand: Clean coarse.
- Proportions (cement:sand): 1-1.5:2.
- Admixture: ______ .
- Consistency: Thick slurry with no segregation.
- Application/ finish: Thrown.
- Thickness: 3-5 mm.
- Curing/ drying: Keep damp until hardened. Dry out to provide securely bonded finish.

431 STIPPLING FOR KEY

- Stipple mix:
- Cement: Portland to BS EN 197-1 type CEM I/42.5.
- Sand: Clean coarse.
- Proportions (cement:sand): 1-1.5:2.
- Admixture: ______ .
- Application/ finish: Brush applied to a deep close texture.
- Curing/ drying: Keep damp until hardened. Dry out to provide securely bonded finish.

438 PREPARING CONCRETE BASES FOR FULLY BONDED BEDDING

- Surface cement:sand matrix: Remove to expose coarse aggregate.
- Surface preparation: Suitable to achieve a full bond with bedding. Select from:
- Keep well wetted for several hours. Remove free water then brush in a slurry bonding
coat.
Slurry: ______ .
- Prepare, prime as necessary and apply a bonding agent.
Bonding agent: ______ .

444 PREPARING CONCRETE BASES FOR PARTIALLY BONDED BEDDING

- Surface finish: Brushed with no laitance.
- Surface preparation: Suitable to achieve a full bond with bedding. Select from:
- Keep well wetted for several hours. Remove free water then brush in a slurry bonding
coat.
Slurry: ______ .
- Prepare, prime as necessary and apply a bonding agent.
Bonding agent: ______ .

450 PREPARING CONCRETE BASES FOR UNBONDED BEDDING - WITHOUT SEPARATING LAYER
- Surface finish: Smooth.

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- Surface preparation: Before laying mortar bed, dampen lightly.

451 PREPARING CONCRETE BASES FOR UNBONDED BEDDING

- Separating layer: ______ .
- Lap at joints: 100 mm.

460 SMOOTHING UNDERLAYMENT

- Type: Recommended by adhesive manufacturer.
- Condition: Allow to dry before tiling.

470 INTERMEDIATE SUBSTRATE

- Substrate: ______ .
- Manufacturer: ______ .
Product reference: ______ .
- Thickness: ______ .
- Fixing system: ______ .
- Manufacturer: ______ .
Product reference: ______ .
- Application: ______ .
- Substrate surface: Secure, true and even.
- Joints: Close butt.
- Treatment: ______ .
- Penetrations: Seal.
- Accessories: ______ .

FIXING

510 FIXING GENERALLY

- Colour/ shade: Unintended variations within tiles for use in each area/ room are not
permitted.
- Variegated tiles: Mix thoroughly.
- Adhesive: Compatible with background/ base. Prime if recommended by adhesive
manufacturer.
- Cut tiles: Neat and accurate.
- Fixing: Provide adhesion over entire background/ base and tile backs.
- Final appearance: Before bedding material sets, make adjustments necessary to give true,
regular appearance to tiles and joints when viewed under final lighting conditions.
- Surplus bedding material: Clean from joints and face of tiles without disturbing tiles.

530 SETTING OUT

- Joints: True to line, continuous and without steps.
- Joints on walls: Horizontal, vertical and aligned round corners.
- Joints in floors: Parallel to the main axis of the space or specified features.
- Cut tiles: Minimize number, maximize size and locate unobtrusively.
- Joints in adjoining floors and walls: Align.
- Joints in adjoining floors and skirtings: Align.
- Movement joints: If locations are not indicated, submit proposals.
- Setting out of ______: Drawing references: ______ .
- Setting out of ______: Submit proposals.

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540 LEVEL OF FLOOR TILING

- Permissible deviation in level from datum for ______ .

550 FLATNESS/ REGULARITY OF TILING

- Sudden irregularities: Not permitted.
- Deviation of surface: Measure from underside of a 2 m straightedge placed anywhere on
surface. The straightedge should not be obstructed by the tiles and no gap should be
greater than 3 mm.

560 LEVEL OF TILING ACROSS JOINTS

- Deviation (maximum) between tile surfaces either side of any type of joint:
- 1 mm for joints less than 6 mm wide.
- 2 mm for joints 6 mm or greater in width.

570 MORTAR BEDDING

- Bedding mix:
- Cement: Portland to BS EN 197-1 type CEM I/42.5.
- Sand for walls: To BS 1199, type A.
- Sand for floors: To BS EN 12620.
- Grading limit: To BS 8204-1, table 1.
- Batching: Select from:
- Batch by weight.
- Batch by volume: Permitted on the basis of previously established weight:volume
relationships of the particular materials. Use accurate gauge boxes. Allow for bulking of
damp sand.
- Mixing: Mix materials thoroughly to uniform consistence. Use a suitable forced action
mechanical mixer. Do not use a free fall type mixer.
- Application: At normal temperatures use within two hours. Do not use after initial set. Do
not retemper.

578 CRACK CONTROL REINFORCEMENT

- Type to BS 4483: ______ .
- Installation: Place centrally in depth of bed. Lap not less than 100 mm and securely tie
together with steel wire.
- Corners: Avoid a four layer build at corners.

580 POROUS TILES

- Tiles to be bedded in cement:sand: Soak in clean water for at least 30 minutes. Fix as soon
as surface water has drained.

590 COVED TILE SKIRTINGS

- Sequence: Bed solid to wall before laying floor tiles.
- Bedding: ______ .

600 SIT-ON TILE SKIRTINGS

- Sequence: Bed solid to wall after laying floor tiles.
- Bedding: ______ .

610 MULTISTOREY EXTERNAL TILING

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- Sequence: Start fixing at the highest level and work downwards. Protect exposed top
edges.
- Copings, sills, etc.: Complete as soon as practicable.

650 THIN BED ADHESIVE - RIBBED (WALLS)

- Application: Apply 3 mm floated coat of adhesive to dry background in areas of
approximately 1 m². Trowel to ribbed profile.
- Tiling: Press tiles firmly onto float coat.

651 THIN BED ADHESIVE - SOLID (WALLS)

- Application: Apply floated coat of adhesive to dry background in areas of about 1 m². Comb
surface.
- Tiling: Apply thin even coat of adhesive to backs of dry tiles. Press tiles firmly onto float
coat.
- Finished adhesive thickness (maximum): 3 mm.

660 THIN BED ADHESIVE - MESH BACKED MOSAIC (WALLS)

- Application: Apply 3 mm floated coat of adhesive to dry background. Comb surface.
- Placing mosaic sheets: Hang in horizontal rows, working downwards. Stagger vertical
joints. Prevent slippage of sheets. Lightly beat mosaics into adhesive.
- Width, plane and alignment of joints between sheets: To match joints between mosaic
tiles.

661 THIN BED ADHESIVE - PAPER FACED MOSAIC (WALLS)

- Application: Apply 3 mm floated coat of adhesive to dry background. Comb surface.
- Preparing mosaic sheets: Pregrout. Remove surplus before fixing.
- Placing mosaic sheets: Hang in horizontal rows, working downwards. Stagger vertical
joints.
- Width, plane and alignment of joints between sheets: To match joints between mosaic
tiles.
- Paper face: Before adhesive hardens completely, remove paper face. Complete grouting.
Wash off glue from face of mosaic.

670 THICK BED ADHESIVE - SOLID (WALLS)

- Application: Apply floated coat of adhesive to dry background. Comb surface.
- Tiling: Apply thin even coat of adhesive to backs of dry tiles. Press tiles firmly onto float
coat.
- Finished adhesive thickness: Within range recommended by manufacturer.

690 CEMENT:SAND (WALLS)

- Preparation: Dampen background.
- Application: Apply floated coat: 1:3-4 cement:sand mortar bedding.
- Thickness (maximum): 10 mm.
- Finish: Equivalent to wood float. Before tiling allow to stiffen slightly.
- Tiling: Without delay, apply 2 mm thick coat of 1:2 cement:fine sand mortar to backs of
tiles, filling keys. Press tiles firmly onto float coat. Tap firmly into position.

710 THICK BED ADHESIVE - SOLID (FLOORS)

- Application: Apply floated coat of adhesive to dry base and comb surface.

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- Tiling: Apply coat of adhesive to backs of tiles filling depressions or keys. Press tiles firmly
onto position.
- Finished adhesive thickness: Within range recommended by manufacturer.

720 CEMENT:SAND BED (FLOORS)

- Mortar bedding mix: 1:3-4 cement:sand.
- Consistency: Stiff plastic.
- Laying: Lay suitably small working areas of screeded bed. Compact thoroughly to level.
- Finished bed thickness: 15-25 mm.
- Tiling: Within two hours and before bedding sets, evenly coat backs of tiles with adhesive.
Press tiles firmly into position.
- Finished adhesive thickness: Within range recommended by manufacturer.

730 SEMIDRY CEMENT:SAND BED (FLOORS)

- Mortar bedding mix: 1:3.5-4 cement:sand.
- Water content: A film of water must not form on surface of bed when fully compacted.
- Preparation: Dampen base.
- Laying: Lay suitably small working areas of screeded bed. Compact thoroughly to level.
- Finished bed thickness (minimum): ______ .
- Finished bed thickness (maximum): ______ .
- Tiling: Within two hours and before bedding sets, evenly coat backs of tiles with a neat
cement slurry. Beat tiles firmly into position.

740 CEMENT:LIME:SAND BED (FLOORS)

- Mortar bedding mix: 1:1: ______ cement:lime:sand.
- Cement: Portland to BS EN 197-1 type CEM I/42.5.
- Lime:sand (coarse stuff): Ready-mixed to BS EN 998.
- Sand: To BS EN 12620.
Grading limit: To BS 8204-1, table 1.
- Consistency: Stiff plastic. A film of water must not form on surface of bed when fully
compacted.
- Preparation: Dampen base.
- Laying: Lay and compact bed to level.
- Tiling: Tamp tiles firmly into position.

MOVEMENT JOINTS/ GROUTING/ COMPLETION

805 SEALANT MOVEMENT JOINTS WITH METAL EDGINGS ______ .

- Edging material: ______ .
- Size: ______ .
- Bedding: Bed in 1:3 cement:sand.
- Installation: Centre over joints in base. Set to exact finished level of floor.
- Fixing to base: ______ .
- Joint width: ______ .
- Sealant: ______ .
- Colour: ______ .
- Preparation and application: As section Z22.

815 SEALANT MOVEMENT JOINTS ______

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- Joints: Extend through tiles and bedding to base/ background. Centre over joints in base/
background.
- Width: ______ .
- Sealant: ______ .
- Colour: ______ .
- Preparation and application: As section Z22.

825 STRIP MOVEMENT JOINTS ______

- Manufacturer: ______ .
- Product reference: ______ .
- Colour: ______ .
- Joint width: ______ .
- Fixing to base: ______ .
- Joints: Extend through tiles and bedding to base.

835 METAL SECTION MOVEMENT JOINTS ______

- Manufacturer: ______ .
- Product reference: ______ .
- Colour: ______ .
- Bedding: Bed in 1:3 cement:sand.
- Installation: Centre over joints in base. Set to exact finished level of floor.
- Fixing to base: ______ .

855 CEMENT:SAND GROUTING MIX

- Grout mix:
- Cement: ______ .
- Sand:
Joint widths of 6 mm or greater: To BS 1199 table 1, Type B.
Joint widths of 3-6 mm: To BS 5385-5 table 2.
- Proportions (cement:sand): ______ .
- Pigment: ______ .
- Mixing: Mix thoroughly. Use the minimum of clean water needed for workability.

865 CEMENT:LIME:SAND GROUTING MIX

- Grout mix:
- Cement: ______ .
- Hydrated nonhydraulic lime: To BS EN 459.
- Sand:
Joint widths of 6 mm or greater: To BS 1199 table 1, Type B.
Joint widths of 3-6 mm: To BS 5385-5 table 2.
- Proportions (cement:lime:sand): ______ .
- Pigment: ______ .
- Mixing: Mix thoroughly. Use the minimum of clean water needed for workability.

875 GROUTING
- Sequence: Grout when bed/ adhesive has set sufficiently to prevent disturbance of tiles.
- Joints: 6 mm deep (or depth of tile if less). Free from dust and debris.
- Grouting: Fill joints completely, tool to profile, clean off surface. Leave free from
blemishes.
- Profile: ______ .

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- Polishing: When grout is hard, polish tiling with a dry cloth.

885 COLOURED GROUT

- Staining of tiles: Not permitted.
- Evaluating risk of staining: Apply grout to a few tiles in a small trial area. If discoloration
occurs apply a protective sealer to tiles and repeat trial.

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