Computer Science Textbook Solutions - 25

In Section 21.
3, we introduced the following constructs for predicated execution: where crel is a

relation, such as eq, ne, etc.; p1, p2, and p3 are predicate registers; a is either a register or an
immediate operand; and b is a register operand. Fill in the following truth table:
Consider the graphic symbol for the S-R flip-flop in Figure 20.27. Add additional lines to depict
a D flip-flop wired from the S-R flip flop. Figure 20.27 Basic Flip-Flops
What is the difference between failover and failback?
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What is the difference between a hardwired implementation and a micro programmed

implementation of a control unit?
Consider the following source code segment: a. Write a corresponding Pentium assembly code
segment. b. Rewrite as an IA-64 assembly code segment using predicated execution techniques.
a. Identify the write-read, write-write, and read-write dependencies in the following instruction
sequence: b. Rename the registers from part (a) to prevent dependency problems. Identify
references to initial register values using the subscript "a" to the register reference.
A stack is implemented as shown in Figure 10.14. Show the sequence of micro operations for a.
Popping b. Pushing the stack
Consider the pipeline depiction in Figure 12.13b, which is redrawn in Figure 17.25a, with the
fetch and decode stages ignored, to represent the execution of thread A. Figure 17.25b illustrates
the execution of a separate thread B. In both cases, a simple pipelined processor is used. a. Show
an instruction issue diagra
List some advantages of a shared L2 cache among cores compared to separate dedicated L2
caches for each core.
Determine the partial fraction expansion for V(s) and compute the inverse Laplace transform.
The transfer function V(s) is given by: V(s) = 400 / s2 + 8s + 400
NASA is developing a compact rover designed to transmit data from the surface of an asteroid
back to Earth, as illustrated in Figure P1.26. The rover will use a camera to take panoramic shots
of the asteroid surface. The rover can position itself so that the camera can be pointed straight
down at the surface or straigh
Many modern luxury automobiles have an auto park option. This feature will parallel park an
automobile without driver intervention. Figure AP1.3 illustrates the parallel parking scenario.
Using Figure 1.3 as a model, sketch a block diagram of the automated parallel parking feedback
control system. In your own words, de
Small computers are used in automobiles to control emissions and obtain improved gas mileage.
A computer-controlled fuel injection system that automatically adjusts the fuel-air mixture ratio
could improve gas mileage and reduce unwanted polluting emissions significantly. Sketch a
block diagram for such a system for an
List and briefly define three types of computer system organization.
The story is told about the sergeant who stopped at the jewelry store every morning at nine
o'clock and compared and reset his watch with the chronometer in the window. Finally, one day
the sergeant went into the store and complimented the owner on the accuracy of the chronometer.
"Is it set according to time signals
How do you know if a project is economically feasible? Why is TCO important?
Determine the transfer function X2(s)/F(s) for the system shown in Figure E2.26. Both masses
slide on a frictionless surface, and k = 1 N/m.
Describe the block diagram of a person playing a video game. Suppose that the input device is a
joystick and the game is being played on a desktop computer. Use Figure 1.3 as a model of the
block diagram. Figure l.3
A thermistor has a response to temperature represented by R = R0eâˆ’0.1T, where R0 =

10,000Î©, R = resistance, and T = temperature in degrees Celsius. Find the linear model for the
thermistor operating at T = 20Â°C and for a small range of variation of temperature.
1. Before you start on the capstone project, you decide to hone your ERD skills by drawing your
own version of the ERD shown in Figure 9-21 on page 364. You donâ€™t have to be precise â€”
itâ€™s just a practice task. 2. Now, using Visible AnalystÂ®, or another CASE tool, create an
ERD that shows the two main entities i
What is Boolean logic? Provide three examples using everyday terms.
Many cars are fitted with cruise control that, at the press of a button, automatically maintains a
set speed. In this way, the driver can cruise at a speed limit or economic speed without
continually checking the speedometer. Design a feedback-control in block diagram form for a
cruise control system.
One of the most potentially beneficial applications of an automotive control system is the active
control of the suspension system. One feedback control system uses a shock absorber consisting
of a cylinder filled with a compressible fluid that provides both spring and damping forces [17].
The cylinder has a plunger ac
Feedback systems do not always involve negative feedback. Economic inflation, which is
evidenced by continually rising prices, is a positive feedback system. A positive feedback control
system, as shown in Figure P1.6, adds the feedback signal to the input signal, and the resulting
signal is used as the input to the pr
What formula do you use to calculate ROI?
Obtain the differential equations for the circuit in Figure E2.15 in terms of i1 and i2.
Future advanced commercial aircraft will be E-enabled. This will allow the aircraft to take
advantage of continuing improvements in computer power and network growth. Aircraft can
continuously communicate their location, speed, and critical health parameters to ground
controllers, and gather and transmit local meteorol
How would you plan an Internet research strategy?
Find the transfer function Y1(s) / R2(s) for the multivariate system in Figure E2.14.
A direct methanol fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts a methanol water solution
to electricity [75]. Like rechargeable batteries, fuel cells directly convert chemicals to energy;
they are very often compared to batteries, specifically rechargeable batteries. However, one
significant difference between
A non inverting amplifier uses an op-amp as shown in Figure E2.5. Assume an ideal op-amp
model and determine v0/vin.
Fly-fishing is a sport that challenges the person to cast a small feathery fly using a light rod and
line. The goal is to place the fly accurately and lightly on the distant surface of the stream [59].
Describe the fly-casting process and a model of this process.
A nonlinear device is represented by the function y = f(x) = ex, where the operating point for the
input x is x0 = 1. Determine a linear approximation valid near the operating point.
A precise optical signal source can control the output power level to within 1 percent [32]. A
laser is controlled by an input current to yield the power output. A microprocessor controls the
input current to the laser. The microprocessor compares the desired power level with a measured
signal proportional to the laser
An automatic turning gear for windmills was invented by Meikle in about 1750 [1, 11]. The
fantail gear shown in Figure P1.12 automatically turns the windmill into the wind. The fantail
windmill at right angle to the mainsail is used to turn the turret. The gear ratio is of the order of
3000 to 1. Discuss the operation
Some analysts believe that if the trend toward more powerful CASE tools continues, many
tedious development tasks might be performed automatically. Is there a limit to the capabilities
of future CASE software? Could a complete information system be designed by describing a
business operation and specifying certain inpu
A high-performance race car with an adjustable wing (airfoil) is shown in Figure P1.20. Develop
a block diagram describing the ability of the airfoil to keep a constant road adhesion between the
car's tires and the race track surface. Why is it important to maintain good road adhesion?
Modern automated highways are being implemented around the world. Consider two highway
lanes merging into a single lane. Describe a feedback control system carried on the automobile
trailing the lead automobile that ensures that the vehicles merge with a prescribed gap between
the two vehicles.
Determine the closed-loop transfer function T(s) = Y(s)/R(s) for the system of Figure E2.23.
A high-precision positioning slide is shown in Figure E2.21. Determine the transfer function
Xp(s)/Xin(s) when the drive shaft friction is bd = 0.7, the drive shaft spring constant is kd = 2,
mc = 1, and the sliding friction is bs = 0.8.
What is the meaning of the phrase, time value of money?
A common example of a two-input control system is a home shower with separate valves for hot
and cold water. The objective is to obtain (1) a desired temperature of the shower water and (2) a
desired flow of water. Sketch a block diagram of the closed-loop control system.
The development of robotic microsurgery devices will have major implications on delicate eye
and brain surgical procedures. The microsurgery devices employ feedback control to reduce the
effects of the surgeon's muscle tremors. Precision movements by an articulated robotic arm can
greatly help a surgeon by providing a

Describe social networking, forums, newsletters, blogs, podcasts, RSS feeds, Webinars, mailing
lists, Web-based discussion groups, chat rooms, and instant messaging. How can these tools be
used in Internet research?
Control systems are aiding humans in maintaining their homes. The robotic vacuum cleaner
depicted in Figure AP1.6 is an example of a mechatronic system under active control that relies
on infrared sensors and microchip technology to navigate around furniture. Describe a closed-
loop feedback control system that guides t
Adaptive optics has applications to a wide variety of key control problems, including imaging of
the human retina and large-scale, ground-based astronomical observations [98]. In both cases,
the approach is to use a wave front sensor to measure distortions in the incoming light and to
actively control and compensate to
Many luxury automobiles have thermostatically controlled air-conditioning systems for the
comfort of the passengers. Sketch a block diagram of an air-conditioning system where the
driver sets the desired interior temperature on a dashboard panel. Identify the function of each
element of the thermostatically controlled
The rotational velocity Ï‰ of the satellite shown in Figure E2.22 is adjusted by changing the
length of the beam L. The transfer function between Ï‰(s) and the incremental change in beam
length âˆ†L(s) is The beam length change is âˆ†L(s) = 1/s. Determine the response of the rotation
Ï‰(t).
Are the Internet and the World Wide Web one and the same? Why or why not?
An autofocus camera will adjust the distance of the lens from the film by using a beam of
infrared or ultrasound to determine the distance to the subject [42]. Sketch a block diagram of
this open-loop control system, and briefly explain its operation.
The position control system for a spacecraft platform is governed by the following equations:
d2p / dt2 + 2dp / dt + 4p = Î¸ v1 = r - p dÎ¸/dt = 0.6v2 v2 = 7v1 The variables involved are as
follows: r(t) = desired platform position p(t) = actual platform position v1(t) = amplifier input
voltage v2(t) = amplifi
Find the transfer function Y(s)/Td(s) for the system shown in Figure E2.27.
The role of air traffic control systems is increasing as airplane traffic increases at busy airports.
Engineers are developing air traffic control systems and collision avoidance systems using the
Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation satellites [34, 55]. GPS allows each aircraft to
know its position in the airspa

What are four chargeback methods? In your view, is one more â€œfairâ€ than another?
In the past 40 years, over 20,000 metric tons of hardware have been placed in Earth's orbit.
During the same time span, over 15,000 metric tons of hardware returned to Earth. The objects
remaining in Earth's orbit range in size from large operational spacecraft to tiny flecks of paint.
There are about 150,000 objects i
Automatic control of water level using a float level was used in the Middle East for a water clock
[1, 11]. The water clock (Figure P1.11) was used from sometime before Christ until the 17th
century. Discuss the operation of the water clock, and establish how the float provides a
feedback control that maintains the acc
Engineers at the Science University of Tokyo are developing a robot with a humanlike face [52].
The robot can display facial expressions, so that it can work cooperatively with human workers.
Sketch a block diagram for a facial expression control system of your own design.
An automobile driver uses a control system to maintain the speed of the car at a prescribed level.
Sketch a block diagram to illustrate this feedback system.
The force versus displacement for a spring is shown in Figure E2.3 for the spring-mass-damper
system of Figure 2.1. Graphically find the spring constant for the equilibrium point of y = 0.5 cm
and a range of operation of Â±1.5 cm. Figure E2.3 Spring behavior.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are being developed to operate in the air autonomously for
long periods of time. By autonomous, we mean that there is no interaction with human ground
controllers. Sketch a block diagram of an autonomous UAV that is tasked for crop monitoring
using aerial photography. The UAV must photog
A spring develops a force f represented by the relation f = kx2, where x is the displacement of
the spring. Determine a linear model for the spring when x0 = 1/2.
The Burj Dubai is the tallest building in the world [94]. The building, shown in Figure AP1.5,
stands at over 800 m with more than 160 stories. There are 57 elevators servicing this tallest free-
standing structure in the world. Traveling at up to 10 m/s, the elevators have the world's longest
travel distance from lowes
Consider the inverted pendulum shown in Figure El.13. Sketch the block diagram of a feedback
control system using Figure 1.3 as the model. Identify the process, sensor, actuator, and
controller. The objective is keep the pendulum in the upright position, that is to keep Î¸ = 0, in
the presence of disturbances.

Determine the transfer function V0(s)/V(s) for the op-amp circuit shown in Figure E2.28 [1]. Let
R1 = 167 kÎ©, R2 = 240 kÎ©, R3 = 1 kÎ©, R4 = 100 kÎ©, and C = 1 Î¼F. Assume an ideal op-
amp.
Models of physiological control systems are valuable aids to the medical profession. A model of
the heart-rate control system is shown in Figure P1.9 [23, 24, 48]. This model includes the
processing of the nerve signals by the brain. The heart-rate control system is, in fact, a
multivariate system, and the variables x,
Describe the block diagram of the speed control system of a motorcycle with a human driver.
A unity, negative feedback system has a nonlinear function y = f(e) = e2, as shown in Figure
E2.1. For an input r in the range of 0 to 4, calculate and plot the open-loop and closed-loop
output versus input and show that the feedback system results in a more linear relationship.
Figure E2.1 Open and closed loop.
The road and vehicle noise that invade an automobile's cabin hastens occupant fatigue [60].
Design the block diagram of an "anti noise" feedback system that will reduce the effect of
unwanted noises. Indicate the device within each block.
A cutaway view of a commonly used pressure regulator is shown in Figure P1.18. The desired
pressure is set by turning a calibrated screw. This compresses the spring and sets up a force that
opposes the upward motion of the diaphragm. The bottom side of the diaphragm is exposed to
the water pressure that is to be contro
Vehicle traction control, which includes antiskid braking and anti spin acceleration, can enhance
vehicle performance and handling. The objective of this control is to maximize tire traction by
preventing locked brakes as well as tire spinning during acceleration. Wheel slip, the difference
between the vehicle speed an
A challenging application of control design is the use of nano robots in medicine. Nano robots
will require onboard computing capability, and very tiny sensors and actuators. Fortunately,
advances in bio-molecular computing, bio-sensors, and actuators are promising to enable
medical nano robots to emerge within the nex
Consider the feedback system in Figure E2.13. Compute the transfer functions Y(s)/Td(s) and
Y(s)/N(s).
In the past, control systems used a human operator as part of a closed-loop control system.
Sketch the block diagram of the valve control system shown in Figure P1.2.

Increasingly stringent requirements of modern, high-precision machinery are placing increasing
demands on slide systems [53]. The typical goal is to accurately control the desired path of the
table shown in Figure CDP1.1. Sketch a block diagram model of a feedback system to achieve
the desired goal. The table can move
The Hubble space telescope was repaired and modified in space on several occasions [44, 46,
49]. One challenging problem with controlling the Hubble is damping the jitter that vibrates the
spacecraft each time it passes into or out of the Earth's shadow. The worst vibration has a period
of about 20 seconds, or a freque
A laser printer uses a laser beam to print copy rapidly for a computer. The laser is positioned by
a control input r(t), so that we have Y(s) = 4(s + 50) / s2 + 30s + 200 R(s). The input r(t)
represents the desired position of the laser beam. (a) If r(t) is a unit step input, find the output
y(t). (b) What is the f
Consider the human transportation vehicle (HTV) depicted in Figure DP1.8. The self-balancing
HTV is actively controlled to allow safe and easy transportation of a single person [97]. Using
Figure 1.3 as a model for the block diagram, describe a closed-loop feedback control system to
assist the rider of the HTV in balan
A large, braced robot arm for welding large structures is shown in Figure DP1.4. Sketch the
block diagram of a closed-loop feedback control system for accurately controlling the location of
the weld tip.
Determine the transfer function V0(s)/V(s) of the operational amplifier circuit shown in Figure
E2.20. Assume an ideal operational amplifier. Determine the transfer function when R1 = R2 =
100 kÎ©, C1 = 10 Î¼F, and C2 = 5 Î¼F.
A system is shown in Fig. E2.29(a). (a) Determine G(s) and H(s) of the block diagram shown in
Figure E2.29(b) that are equivalent to those of the block diagram of Figure E2.29(a). (b)
Determine Y(s)/R(s) for Figure E2.29(b).
In this Toolkit Part, you learned how to use payback analysis, ROI, and NPV to assess IT
projects. Could these tools also be used in your personal life? Give an example of how you might
use each one to help you make a financial decision.
What is the invisible Web, and how large is it?
What formula do you use to calculate the payback period?

An amplifier may have a region of dead band as shown in Figure E2.25. Use an approximation
that uses a cubic equation y = ax3 in the approximately linear region. Select a and determine a
linear approximation for the amplifier when the operating point is x = 0.6.
The output y and input x of a device are related by y = x + 1.4x3. (a) Find the values of the
output for steady-state operation at the two operating points x0 = 1 and x0 = 2. (b) Obtain a
linearized model for both operating points and compare them.
Adam Smith (1723-1790) discussed the issue of free competition between the participants of an
economy in his book Wealth of Nations. It may be said that Smith employed social feedback
mechanisms to explain his theories [41]. Smith suggests that (1) the available workers as a whole
compare the various possible employmen
Because a sailboat cannot sail directly into the wind, and traveling straight downwind is usually
slow, the shortest sailing distance is rarely a straight line. Thus sailboats tack upwind-the familiar
zigzag course-and jibe downwind. A tactician's decision of when to tack and where to go can
determine the outcome of a
A light-seeking control system, used to track the sun, is shown in Figure P1.5. The output shaft,
driven by the motor through a worm reduction gear, has a bracket attached on which are
mounted two photocells. Complete the closed-loop system so that the system follows the light
source.
The transfer function of a system is Y(s) / R(s) = 15(s + 1) / s2 + 9s + 14 Determine y(t) when
r(t) is a unit step input.
Suppose you are studying two hardware lease proposals. Option 1 costs $4,000, but requires that
the entire amount be paid in advance. Option 2 costs $5,000, but the payments can be made
$1,000 now and $1,000 per year for the next four-years. If you do an NPV analysis assuming a
14% discount rate, which proposal is less
The student-teacher learning process is inherently a feedback process intended to reduce the
system error to a minimum. With the aid of Figure 1.3, construct a feedback model of the
learning process and identify each block of the system. Figure l.3
An innovation for an intermittent automobile windshield wiper is the concept of adjusting its
wiping cycle according to the intensity of the rain [54]. Sketch a block diagram of the wiper
control system.
How would you assess the quality of Internet research results?

A system is shown in Figure E2.30. (a) Find the closed-loop transfer function Y(s)/R(s) when
G(s) = 10 / s2 + 2s + 10. (b) Determine Y(s) when the input R(s) is a unit step. (c) Compute y(t).
Off-road vehicles experience many disturbance inputs as they traverse over rough roads. An
active suspension system can be controlled by a sensor that looks "ahead" at the road conditions.
An example of a simple suspension system that can accommodate the bumps is shown in Figure
E2.12. Find the appropriate gain K1 so t
In a chemical process control system, it is valuable to control the chemical composition of the
product. To do so, a measurement of the composition can be obtained by using an infrared
stream analyzer, as shown in Figure P1.3. The valve on the additive stream may be controlled.
Complete the control feedback loop, and s
A spring exhibits a force-versus-displacement characteristic as shown in Figure E2.11. For small

deviations from the operating point x0, find the spring constant when x0 is (a) -1.4; (b) 0; (c) 3.5.
Baseball players use feedback to judge a fly ball and to hit a pitch [35]. Describe a method used
by a batter to judge the location of a pitch so that he can have the bat in the proper position to hit
the ball.
Describe each benefit classification, and include two examples.
Describe the process of human biofeedback used to regulate factors such as pain or body
temperature. Biofeedback is a technique whereby a human can, with some success, consciously
regulate pulse, reaction to pain, and body temperature.
All humans have experienced a fever associated with an illness. A fever is related to the
changing of the control input in the body's thermostat. This thermostat, within the brain,
normally regulates temperature near 98Â°F in spite of external temperatures ranging from 0Â° to
100Â°F or more. For a fever, the input, or
The block diagram of a system is shown in Figure E2.24. Determine the transfer function T(s) =
Y(s)/R(s).
As part of the automation of a dairy farm, the automation of cow milking is under study [36].
Design a milking machine that can milk cows four or five times a day at the cow's demand.
Sketch a block diagram and indicate the devices in each block.
Ichiro Masaki of General Motors has patented a system that automatically adjusts a car's speed to
keep a safe distance from vehicles in front. Using a video camera, the system detects and stores a
reference image of the car in front. It then compares this image with a stream of incoming live
images as the two cars move
Engineers want to design a control system that will allow a building or other structure to react to
the force of an earthquake much as a human would. The structure would yield to the force, but
only so much, before developing strength to push back [47]. Develop a block diagram of a
control system to reduce the effect o
Describe each cost classification and include two examples.
The accurate control of a nuclear reactor is important for power system generators. Assuming the
number of neutrons present is proportional to the power level, an ionization chamber is used to
measure the power level. The current io, is proportional to the power level. The position of the
graphite control rods moderate
Define the term present value, and provide an example.
Advanced wind energy systems are being installed in many locations throughout the world as a
way for nations to deal with rising fuel prices and energy shortages, and to reduce the negative
effects of fossil fuel utilization on the quality of the air. The modern windmill can be viewed as a
mechatronic system. This illu
The potential of employing two or more helicopters for transporting payloads that are too heavy
for a single helicopter is a well-addressed issue in the civil and military rotorcraft design arenas
[37]. Overall requirements can be satisfied more efficiently with a smaller aircraft by using multi
lift for infrequent pea
We desire to balance a rolling ball on a tilting beam as shown in Figure P2.29. We will assume
the motor input current i controls the torque with negligible friction. Assume the beam may be
balanced near the horizontal (Ï• = 0); therefore, we have a small deviation of Ï•. Find the transfer
function X(s)/I(s), and draw
To exploit the strength advantage of robot manipulators and the intellectual advantage of
humans, a class of manipulators called extenders has been examined [22]. The extender is
defined as an active manipulator worn by a human to augment the human's strength. The human
provides an input U(s), as shown in Figure P2.45.
Figure P2.22 shows two pendulums suspended from frictionless pivots and connected at their
midpoints by a spring [1]. Assume that each pendulum can be represented by a mass M at the
end of a mass less bar of length L. Also assume that the displacement is small and linear
approximations can be used for sin Î¸ and cos Î¸

Two carts with negligible rolling friction are connected as shown in Figure E3.16. An input force
is u(t). The output is the position of cart 2, that is, y(t) = q(t). Determine a state space
representation of the system.
A system is represented by a block diagram as shown in Figure E3.5. Write the state equations in
the form of Equations (3.16) and (3.17).
An operational amplifier circuit that can serve as a filter circuit is shown in Figure DP2.4.
Determine the transfer function of the circuit, assuming an ideal op-amp. Find v0(t) when the
input is v1(t) = At, t â‰¥ 0 .
Use a state variable model to describe the circuit of Figure E3.12. Obtain the response to an input
unit step when the initial current is zero and the initial capacitor voltage is zero.
The television beam circuit of a television is represented by the model in Figure DP2.2. Select
the unknown conductance G so that the voltage v is 24 V. Each conductance is given in Siemens
(S).
A hydraulic servomechanism with mechanical feedback is shown in Figure P2.21 [18]. The
power piston has an area equal to A. When the valve is moved a small amount âˆ†z, the oil will
flow through to the cylinder at a rate p âˆ™ âˆ†z, where p is the port coefficient. The input oil
pressure is assumed to be constant. From
Consider the cable reel control system given in Figure AP2.8. Find the value of A and K such
that the percent overshoot is P.O. â‰¤ 10% and a desired velocity of 50 m/s in the steady state is
achieved. Compute the closed-loop response y(t) analytically and confirm that the steady-state
response and P.O. meet the specif
A dynamic vibration absorber is shown in Figure P2.2. This system is representative of many
situations involving the vibration of machines containing unbalanced components. The
parameters M2 and kl2 may be chosen so that the main mass M1 does not vibrate in the steady
state when F(t) = a sin(w0t). Obtain the differenti
Consider the clock shown in Figure DP2.5. The pendulum rod of length L supports a pendulum
disk. Assume that the pendulum rod is a mass less rigid thin rod and the pendulum disc has mass
m. Design the length of the pendulum, L, so that the period of motion is 2 seconds. Note that
with a period of 2 seconds each "tick"
Determine the transfer function X1(s)/F(s) for the coupled spring-mass system of Problem P2.3.
Sketch the s-plane pole-zero diagram for low damping when M = l, b/k = l, and

Consider the hanging crane structure in Figure AP2.6. Write the equations of motion describing
the motion of the cart and the payload. The mass of the cart is M, the mass of the payload is m,
the mass less rigid connector has length L, and the friction is modeled as Fb = -bx where x is the
distance traveled by the cart
An ideal set of gears is connected to a solid cylinder load as shown in Figure P2.44. The inertia
of the motor shaft and gear G2 is Jm. Determine (a) The inertia of the load JL and (b) The torque
T at the motor shaft. Assume the friction at the load is bL and the friction at the motor shaft is
bm. Also assume the de
Consider the mechanical system depicted in Figure CP2.4.The input is given by f(t), and the
output is y(t). Determine the transfer function from f(t) to y(t) and, using an m-file, plot the
system response to a unit step input. Let m = 10, k = 1, and b = 0.5. Show that the peak
amplitude of the output is about 1.8.
An LC ladder network is shown in Figure P2.18. One may write the equations describing the
network as follows: I1 = (V1 - Va)Y1, Va = (I1 - Ia)Z2. Ia = (Va - V2)Y3, V2 = IaZ4. Construct
a flow graph from the equations and determine the transfer function V2(s)/V1(s).
An armature-controlled DC motor is driving a load. The input voltage is 5 V. The speed at t = 2

seconds is 30 rad/s, and the steady speed is 70 rad/s when t â†’ âˆž. Determine the transfer
function Ï‰(s)/V(s).
A control engineer, N. Minorsky, designed an innovative ship steering system in the 1930s for
the U.S. Navy. The system is represented by the block diagram shown in Figure E2.8, where
Y(s) is the ship's course, R(s) is the desired course, and A(s) is the rudder angle [16]. Find the
transfer function Y(s)/R(s).
A robot includes significant flexibility in the arm members with a heavy load in the gripper [6,
20]. A two-mass model of the robot is shown in Figure. P2.26. Find the transfer function
Y(s)/F(s).
Determine a state variable representation for the system described by the transfer function
For the simple pendulum shown in Figure CP2.7, the nonlinear equation of motion is given by
where L = 0.5 m, m = 1 kg, and g = 9.8 m/s2. When the nonlinear equation is linearized about
the equilibrium point Î¸ = 0, we obtain the linear time-invariant model, Create an m-file to plot
both the nonlinear and the linear r
Fluid flowing through an orifice can be represented by the nonlinear equation Q = K(P1 - P2)1/2,
where the variables are shown in Figure P2.5 and K is a constant [2]. (a) Determine a linear
approximation for the fluid-flow equation, (b) What happens to the approximation obtained in
part (a) if the operating point i
A voltage follower (buffer amplifier) is shown in Figure P2.19. Show that T = v0/vin = 1.
Assume an ideal op-amp.
A rotating load is connected to a field-controlled DC electric motor through a gear system. The
motor is assumed to be linear. A test results in the output load reaching a speed of 1 rad/s within
0.5 s when a constant 80 V is applied to the motor terminals. The output steady-state speed is 2.4
rad/s. Determine the tran
A two-transistor series voltage feedback amplifier is shown in Figure P2.24(a). This AC

equivalent circuit neglects the bias resistors and the shunt capacitors. A block diagram
representing the circuit is shown in Figure P2.24(b).This block diagram neglects the effect of hie,
which is usually an accurate approximation,
In many applications, such as reading product codes in supermarkets and in printing and
manufacturing, an optical scanner is utilized to read codes, as shown in Figure P2.42. As the
mirror rotates, a friction force is developed that is proportional to its angular speed. The friction
constant is equal to 0.06 N s/rad, a
The lateral control of a rocket with a gimbaled engine is shown in Figure P2.41. The lateral
deviation from the desired trajectory is h and the forward rocket speed is V. The control torque
of the engine is Tc and the disturbance torque is Td. Derive the describing equations of a linear
model of the system, and draw th
Consider the two polynomials p(s) = s2 + 7s + 10 and q(s) = s + 2. Compute the following (a)
p(s)q(s) (b) Poles and zeros of G(s) = q(s) / p(s) (c) p(-1)
For electromechanical systems that require large power amplification, rotary amplifiers are often
used [8, 19]. An amplidyne is a power amplifying rotary amplifier. An amplidyne and a
servomotor are shown in Figure P2.11. Obtain the transfer function Î¸(s)/Vc(s), and draw the
block diagram of the system. Assume vd = k2
Consider the inverting operational amplifier in Figure AP2.9. Find the transfer function
V0(s)/V1(s), Show that the transfer function can be expressed as where the gains KP, KI, and
KD are functions of C1, C2, R1, and R2, This circuit is a proportional-integral-derivative (PID)
controller.
A hovering vehicle control system is represented by two state variables, and [13] (a) Find the
roots of the characteristic equation. (b) Find the state transition matrix Î¦(t).
Using the Laplace transformation, obtain the current I2(s) of Problem P2.1. Assume that all the
initial currents are zero, the initial voltage across capacitor C1 is zero, v(t) is zero, and the initial
voltage across C2 is 10 volts.
Consider the differential equation
Consider the block diagram in Figure CP2.10. Create an m-file to complete the following tasks:
(a) Compute the step response of the closed-loop system (that is, R(s) = 1/s and Td(s) = 0) and
plot the steady-state value of the output Y(s) as a function of the controller gain 0 < K â‰¤ 10.
(b) Compute the disturbance s
A coupled spring-mass system is shown in Figure P2.3. The masses and springs are assumed to
be equal. Obtain the differential equations describing the system.
For the simple pendulum shown in Figure E3.20, the nonlinear equations of motion are given by
where g is gravity, L is the length of the pendulum, m is the mass attached at the end of the
pendulum (we assume the rod is mass less), and k is the coefficient of friction at the pivot point.
(a) Linearize the equations of
Consider the system in state variable form x = Ax + Bu y = Cx + Du with (a) Compute the
transfer function G(s) = Y(s)/U(s). (b) Determine the poles and zeros of the system. (c) If
possible, represent the system as a first-order system. x = ax + bu y = cx + du where a, b, c, and d
are scalars such that the tran
Consider the feedback control system in Figure AP2.3. Define the tracking error as E(s) = R(s) -
Y(s). (a) Determine a suitable H(s) such that the tracking error is zero for any input R(s) in the
absence of a disturbance input (that is, when Td(s) = 0). (b) Using H{s) determined in part (a),
determine the response Y
A bridged-T network is often used in AC control systems as a filter network [8]. The circuit of
one bridged-T network is shown in Figure P2.8. Show that the transfer function of the network is
Sketch the pole-zero diagram when R1 = 0.5, R2 = 1, and C = 0.5.
An electromechanical open-loop control system is shown in Figure P2.13. The generator, driven
at a constant speed, provides the field voltage for the motor. The motor has an inertia Jm and
bearing friction bm. Obtain the transfer function Î¸L(s)/Vf(s) and draw a block diagram of the
system. The generator voltage vg can
Consider a system represented by the following differential equations: where R, L1, L2 and C
are given constants, and va and vb are inputs. Let the state variables be defined as x1 = i1, x2 =
i2, and x3 = v. Obtain a state variable representation of the system where the output is x3.
Magnetic levitation trains provide a high-speed, very low friction alternative to steel wheels on
steel rails. The train floats on an air gap as shown in Figure P2.27 [25]. The levitation force FL is
controlled by the coil current i in the levitation coils and may be approximated by FL = k i2/z2,
where z is the air g
A lamp's intensity stays constant when monitored by an opto transistor-controlled feedback loop.
When the voltage drops, the lamp's output also drops, and opto transistor Q1 draws less current.
As a result, a power transistor conducts more heavily and charges a capacitor more rapidly [24].
The capacitor voltage control
Determine a state variable differential matrix equation for the circuit shown in Figure E3.17:
Consider the two-mass system in Figure P2.51. Find the set of differential equations describing
the system.
A system has a block diagram as shown in Figure AP2.2. Determine the transfer function T(s) =
Y2(s) / R1(s) It is desired to decouple Y2(s) from R1(s) by obtaining T(s) = 0. Select G5(s) in
terms of the other G1(s) to achieve decoupling.
An electric circuit is shown in Figure P2.1. Obtain a set of simultaneous integro differential
equations representing the network.
A closed-loop control system is shown in Figure P2.50. (a) Determine the transfer function T(s)
= Y(s)/R(s). (b) Determine the poles and zeros of T(s). (c) Use a unit step input, R(s) = l/s, and
obtain the partial fraction expansion for Y(s) and the value of the residues. (d) Plot y(t) and
discuss the effect of the
A four-wheel antilock automobile braking system uses electronic feedback to control

automatically the brake force on each wheel [15]. A block diagram model of a brake control
system is shown in Figure E2.9, where Ff(s) and FR(s) are the braking force of the front and rear
wheels, respectively, and R(s) is the desired a
A system is represented by Equation (3.16), where (a) Find the matrix Î¦(t). (b) For the initial
conditions x1(0) = x2(0) = l, find x(t).
An interacting control system with two inputs and two outputs is shown in Figure P2.31. Solve
for Y1(s)/R1(s) and Y2(s)/R1(s) when R2 = 0.
A damping device is used to reduce the undesired vibrations of machines. A viscous fluid, such
as a heavy oil, is placed between the wheels, as shown in Figure P2.40. When vibration becomes
excessive, the relative motion of the two wheels creates damping. When the device is rotating
without vibration, there is no relat
The source follower amplifier provides lower output impedance and essentially unity gain. The
circuit diagram is shown in Figure P2.20(a), and the small-signal model is shown in Figure
P2.20(b).This circuit uses an FET and provides a gain of approximately unity. Assume that R2
>> R1 for biasing purposes and that Rg >>
The circuit shown in Figure P2.48 is called a lead-lag filter. (a) Find the transfer function
V2(s)/V1(s). Assume an ideal op-amp. (b) Determine V2(s)/V1(s) when R1 = 100 kÎ©, R2 = 200
kÎ©, C1 = 1 Î¼F, and C2 = 0.1 Î¼F.
Obtain a signal-flow graph to represent the following set of algebraic equations where x1 and x2
are to be considered the dependent variables and 6 and 11 are the inputs: x1 + 1.5x2 = 6, 2x1 +
4x2 = 11.
A two-mass system is shown in Figure P2.37 with an input force u(t). When m1 = m2 = 1 and
K1 = K2 = 1, find the set of differential equations describing the system.
Consider the unity feedback system described in the block diagram in Figure AP2.7. Compute
analytically the response of the system to an impulse disturbance. Determine a relationship
between the gain K and the minimum time it takes the impulse disturbance response of the
system to reach y(t) < 0.1. Assume that K > 0. F
An ideal set of gears is shown in Table 2.5, item 10. Neglect the inertia and friction of the gears
and assume that the work done by one gear is equal to that of the other. Derive the relationships
given in item 10 of Table 2.5. Also, determine the relationship between the torques Tm and TL.
A satellite single-axis attitude control system can be represented by the block diagram in Figure
CP2.5. The variables k, a, and b are controller parameters, and J is the spacecraft moment of
inertia. Suppose the nominal moment of inertia is J = 10.8E8 (slug ft2), and the controller
parameters are k = 10.8E8, a = 1, an
A system is described by the two differential equations dy/dt + y - 2u + aw = 0, and dw/dt - by +

4u = 0, where w and y are functions of time, and u is an input u(t). (a) Select a set of state
variables, (b) Write the matrix differential equation and specify the elements of the matrices, (c)
Find the characteris
Consider the feedback control system in Figure CP2.9, where G(s) = s + 1/s + 2 and H(s) = 1/s +
1 (a) Using an m-file, determine the closed-loop transfer function. (b) Obtain the pole-zero map
using the pzmap function. Where are the closed-loop system poles and zeros? (c) Are there any
pole-zero cancellations? If s
For the open-loop control system described by the block diagram shown in Figure P2.12,
determine the value of K such that y(t) â†’ 1 as t â†’ âˆž when r(t) is a unit step input. Assume
zero initial conditions.
The suspension system for one wheel of an old-fashioned pickup truck is illustrated in Figure
P2.34. The mass of the vehicle is m1 and the mass of the wheel is m2. The suspension spring has
a spring constant k1 and the tire has a spring constant k2. The damping constant of the shock
absorber is b. Obtain the transfer f
The water level h(t) in a tank is controlled by an open-loop system, as shown in Figure P2.47. A
DC motor controlled by an armature current ia turns a shaft, opening a valve. The inductance of
the DC motor is negligible, that is, La = 0. Also, the rotational friction of the motor shaft and
valve is negligible, that is,
Consider the block diagram in Figure CP2.6. (a) Use an m-file to reduce the block diagram in
Figure CP2.6, and compute the closed-loop transfer function. (b) Generate a pole-zero map of
the closed-loop transfer function in graphical form using the pzmap function. (c) Determine
explicitly the poles and zeros of the c
A mechanical system is shown in Figure P2.17, which is subjected to a known displacement

x3(t) with respect to the reference, (a) Determine the two independent equations of motion. (b)
Obtain the equations of motion in terms of the Laplace transform, assuming that the initial
conditions are zero. (c) Sketch a signal
Find the transfer function for Y(s)/R(s) for the idle-speed control system for a fuel-injected
engine as shown in Figure P2.33.
A closed-loop control system is shown in Figure P2.49. (a) Determine the transfer function T(s)
= Y(s)/R(s). (b) Determine the poles and zeros of T(s). (c) Use a unit step input, R(s) = 1/s, and
obtain the partial fraction expansion for Y(s) and the value of the residues. (d) Plot y(t) and
discuss the effect of th
Consider the feedback system depicted in Figure CP2.2. (a) Compute the closed-loop transfer
function using the series and feedback functions. (b) Obtain the closed-loop system unit step
response with the step function, and verify that final value of the output is 2/5.
A system has a transfer function Plot the response of the system when R(s) is a unit step for the
parameter z = 5, 10, and 15.
Determine the transfer function X1(s)/F(s) for the coupled spring-mass system of Problem P2.3.
Sketch the s-plane pole-zero diagram for low damping when M = l, b/k = l, and
An input r(t) = t.t â‰¥ 0, is applied to a black box with a transfer function G(s). The resulting
output response, when the initial conditions are zero, is Determine G(s) for this system.
Consider the case of the two masses connected as shown in Figure E3.15. The sliding friction of
each mass has the constant b. Determine a state variable matrix differential equation.
The measurement or sensor element in a feedback system is important to the accuracy of the
system [6]. The dynamic response of the sensor is important. Most sensor elements possess a
transfer function Hs = k / Ï„s + 1 Suppose that a position-sensing photo detector has Ï„ = 4Î¼s
and 0.999 < k < 1.001. Obtain the step
For the three-cart system illustrated in Figure AP2.5, obtain the equations of motion. The system
has three inputs u1, u2, and u3 and three outputs x1, x2, and x3. Obtain three second-order
ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients. If possible, write the equations of
motion in matrix form.
A control system is shown in Figure DP2.1. The transfer functions G2(s) and H2(s) are fixed.
Determine the transfer functions G1(s) and H1(s) so that the closed-loop transfer function
Y(s)/R(s) is exactly equal to 1. Figure DP2.1 Selection of transfer functions.
A system is represented by Figure P2.36. (a) Determine the partial fraction expansion and y(t)
for a ramp input, r(t) = t, t > 0. (b) Obtain a plot of y(t) for part (a), and find y(t) for t = 1.0 s. (c)
Determine the impulse response of the system y(t) for t > 0. (d) Obtain a plot of y(t) for part (c)
and find y(t)
Consider a thermal heating system given by where the output Ï„(s) is the temperature difference
due to the thermal process, the input q(s) is the rate of heat flow of the heating element. The
system parameters are Ct, Q, S, and Rt. The thermal heating system is illustrated in Table 2.5. (a)
Determine the response of
Develop the state-space representation of a radioactive material of mass M to which additional

radioactive material is added at the rate r(t) = Ku(t), where K is a constant. Identify the state
variables.
Consider the spring-mass system depicted in Figure P2.15. Determine a differential equation to
describe the motion of the mass m. Obtain the system response x(t) with the initial conditions
x(0) = x0 and x(0) = 0.
Determine the transfer function Y1(s)/F(s) for the vibration absorber system of Problem P2.2.
Determine the necessary parameters M2 and k12 so that the mass M1 does not vibrate in the
steady state when F(t) = a sin(wot).
A single-input, single-output system has the matrix equations and y = [10 0]x. Determine the
transfer function G(s) = Y(s)/U(s).
For the circuit of Figure P2.39, determine the transform of the output voltage V0(s). Assume that
the circuit is in steady state when t < 0. Assume that the switch moves instantaneously from
contact 1 to contact 2 at t = 0. Figure P2.39 Model of an electronic circuit.
A single-input, single-output system is described by y(t) = [0 1]x(t) Obtain the transfer function
G(s) = Y(s)/U(s) and determine the response of the system to a unit step input.
Obtain the transfer function of the differentiating circuit shown in Figure P2.7.
A robot-arm drive system for one joint can be represented by the differential equation [8] where
v(t) = velocity, y(t) = position, and i(t) is the control-motor current. Put the equations in state
variable form and set up the matrix form for k1 = k2 = 1.
A multiple-loop model of an urban ecological system might include the following variables:
number of people in the city (P), modernization (M), migration into the city (C), sanitation
facilities (S), number of diseases (D), bacteria/area (B), and amount of garbage/area (G), where
the symbol for the variable is given in
A feedback control system has the structure shown in Figure P2.35. Determine the closed-loop
transfer function Y(s)/R(s) (a) By block diagram manipulation and (b) By using a signal-flow
graph and Mason's signal-flow gain formula. (c) Select the gains K1, and K2 so that the closed-
loop response to a step input is cri
A winding oscillator consists of two steel spheres on each end of a long slender rod, as shown in
Figure P2.38. The rod is hung on a thin wire that can be twisted many revolutions without
breaking. The device will be wound up 4000 degrees. How long will it take until the motion
decays to a swing of only 10 degrees? Ass
A system consists of two electric motors that are coupled by a continuous flexible belt. The belt
also passes over a swinging arm that is instrumented to allow measurement of the belt speed and
tension. The basic control problem is to regulate the belt speed and tension by varying the motor
torques. An example of a pr
For the circuit shown in Figure E3.1 identify a set of state variables.
Consider a system modeled via the third-order differential equation Develop a state variable
representation and obtain a block diagram of the system assuming the output is x(t) and the input
is u(t).
A load added to a truck results in a force F on the support spring, and the tire flexes as shown in
Figure P2.46(a). The model for the tire movement is shown in Figure P2.46(b). Determine the
transfer function X1(s)/F(s). Figure P2.46 Truck support model.
H. S. Black is noted for developing a negative feedback amplifier in 1927. Often overlooked is
the fact that three years earlier he had invented a circuit design technique known as feed forward
correction [19]. Recent experiments have shown that this technique offers the potential for
yielding excellent amplifier stabi
The small-signal circuit equivalent to a common-emitter transistor amplifier is shown in Figure

P2.23. The transistor amplifier includes a feedback resistor Rf. Determine the input-output ratio
vce/vin.
We want to accurately position a table for a machine as shown in Figure CDP2.1. A traction-
drive motor with a capstan roller possesses several desirable characteristics compared to the
more popular ball screw. The traction drive exhibits low friction and no backlash. However, it is
susceptible to disturbances. Develop
A system can be represented by the state vector differential equation of Equation (3.16), where
Find the characteristic roots of the system.
Think of different users for the database of Figure 1.2. What type of applications would each
user need? To which user category would each belong and what type of interface would they
need?
How are multi-valued dependencies incorporated into the definition of fourth normal form
(4NF)?
What is the difference between the JOIN ... USING and the JOIN ... ON approaches for joining
tables? Which approach must be used if the requirement that attributes have unique names over
the entire relational schema is enforced?
Obtain a state variable matrix for a system with a differential equation
A nonlinear amplifier can be described by the following characteristic: The amplifier will be
operated over a range of Â±0.5 volts around the operating point for vin. Describe the amplifier
by a linear approximation (a) When the operating point is vin = 0 and (b) When the operating
point is vin = 1 volt. Obtain a sk
Repeat Exercise 4.5, but use the AIRLINE schema of Figure 3.8. In exercise 4.5 What are the
referential integrity constraints that should hold on the schema? Write appropriate SQL DDL
statements to define the database.
Display the number of pounds of milk produced in each region during the 2006-2010 period
along with the ranking of each region in terms of the number of pounds of milk produced. The
ranks should be displayed in descending order (i.e., the region with the top production should
receive the highest rank)?
Display the sum along with the cumulative sum of the production of milk across the regions for
the 2006-2010 period starting with January and ending the December?
Display a separate set of rankings for the number of pounds of milk produced in each month for
each region?
Display all of the assemblies for which a snow shovel is a subassembly?
Consider a relational schema with three relation schemas: DRIVER (Dr_license_no, Dr_name,
Dr_city, Dr_state), TICKET_TYPE (Ttp_offense, Ttp_fine) and TICKET (Tic_ticket_no,
Tic_ticket_date, Tic_dr_license_no, Tic_ttp_offense). Assume that Dr_license_no is a character
data type of size 7, Dr_name, Dr_city and Ttp_offens
Consider the AIRLINE relational database schema shown in Figure 3.8, which describes a
database for airline flight information. Each FLIGHT is identified by a flight NUMBER, and
consists of one or more FLIGHT_LEGs with LEG_NUMBERs 1, 2, 3, etc. Each leg has
scheduled arrival and departure times and airports, and has ma
The series of tasks in this exercise is based on the following ER diagram and its associated
logical schema. a. Write appropriate CREATE TABLE statements for the logical schema. Be
sure to define all appropriate constraints. b. Write an ALTER TABLE statement to add to the
MEDICATION table the attribute unit cost that
Specify the updates of Exercise 3.11 using the SQL update commands. In exercise 3.11 (a) Insert
< 'Robert', 'F', 'Scott', '943775543', '21-JUN-42', '2365 Newcastle Rd, Bellaire, TX', M, 58000,
'888665555', 1 > into EMPLOYEE. (b) Insert < 'ProductA', 4, 'Bellaire', 2 > into PROJECT. (c)
Insert < 'Production', 4, '94
Consider the EMPLOYEE table's constraint EMPSUPERFK as specified in Figure 4.2 is
changed to read as follows: CONSTRAINT EMPSUPERFK FOREIGN KEY (SUPERSSN)
REFERNCES EMPLOYEE(SSN) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, Answer
the following questions: a. What happens when the following command is run on the database s
Modify the pervious query to that instead of displaying as one of the totals the total number
pounds of milk produced in each region, the total number of pounds of milk produced in each
year across all regions is displayed?
Cite some examples of integrity constraints that you think can apply to the database shown in
Figure 1.2.
Of what value is the use of parentheses when making use of the rules of operator precedence?
What is the difference between controlled and uncontrolled redundancy?
Write an SQL query that makes use of the Model clause to estimate the monthly production of
milk in 2011 for each region to be equal to the average of the production of milk for that month
during the 2006 through 2010 time period?
Suppose each of the following Update operations is applied directly to the database of Figure
3.6. Discuss all integrity constraints violated by each operation, if any, and the different ways of
enforcing these constraints: (a) Insert < 'Robert', 'F', 'Scott', '943775543', '21-JUN-42', '2365
Newcastle Rd, Bellaire, TX
Display all subassemblies and their components where the subassembly contains the words "Top
Handle"?
What is the purpose of the Union, Intersection, and Difference operations?
Which of the inference rules for multi-valued dependencies supports the statement that multi-
valued dependencies (MVDs) are a generalization of functional dependencies (i.e., a functional
dependency is a special case of a multi-valued dependency).
Write SQL update statements to do the following on the database schema shown in Figure 1.2.
(a) Insert a new student <'Johnson', 25, 1, 'MATH'> in the database. (b) Change the class of
student 'Smith' to 2. (c) Insert a new course <'Knowledge Engineering','COSC4390', 3,'COSC'>.
(d) Delete the record for the student

This question is based on the four relations shown below. Show the results along with the
relational algebra expressions for the following four retrieval requests? a. Display the products
and their associated prices for stores located in Houston? b. Which products are not in the
inventory of any sore? b. Which prod
Display the number of pounds of milk produced in each region each year along with the same
totals you displayed in your answer to the previous question. Use the GROUPING function and
the DECODE function to display an appropriate label for the number of pounds of milk
produced in all years for each region and for all ye
What is the definition of fifth normal form?
Display the number of pounds of milk produced in each region during the 2006-2010 time
period. In addition, include in the output you display the total number of pounds of milk
produced across all regions. Use the GROUPING function and the DECODE function to display
an appropriate label for the number of pounds produce
Consider the database shown in Figure 1.2, whose schema is shown in Figure 2.1. What are the
referential integrity constraints that should hold on the schema? Write appropriate SQL DDL
statements to define the database.
How many rows of output would be produced if the ROLLUP used in your query were to take
the following form: GROUP BY ROLLUP (YEAR, MONTH, REG_NAME)? Write a query to
verify your result?
Display the entire composition of all subassemblies of the Shovel complete that are either
manufactured by Sears or use a component manufactured by Sears?
Identify some informal queries and update operations that you would expect to apply to the
database shown in Figure 1.2.
Consider Figure 2.1. In addition to constraints relating the values of columns in one table to
columns in another table, there are also constraints that impose restrictions on values in a column
or a combination of columns within a table. One such constraint forces that a column or a group
of columns must be unique a
Specify the following queries in SQL on the database schema of Figure 1.2. (a) Retrieve the
names of all senior students majoring in 'COSC' (computer science). (b) Retrieve the names of
all courses taught by professor King in 85 and 86. (c) For each section taught by professor King,
retrieve the course number, semes

Consider the TUTOR, TUTOR_ASSIGNMENT and COURSE relations that appear below.
Show the results and the relational algebra expressions for the following four retrieval requests.
a. What are the Course IDs for those courses that do not have an assigned tutor? b. What are the
names of the tutors for MIS 4372? c. What ar
What is the difference between a Cross Join, an Inner Join, and an Outer Join?
Consider the LIBRARY relational schema shown in Figure 6.14, which is used to keep track of
books, borrowers, and book loans. Referential integrity constraints are shown as directed arcs in
Figure 6.14, as in the notation of Figure 3.7. Write down relational expressions for the following
queries on the LIBRARY database
How can the key and foreign key constraints be enforced by the DBMS? Is the enforcement
technique you suggest difficult to implement? Can the constraint checks be executed in an
efficient manner when updates are applied to the database?
Give some additional views that may be needed by other user groups for the database shown in
Figure 1.2.
Consider a STUDENT relation in a UNIVERSITY database with the following attributes (Name,
SSN, Local_phone, Address, Cell_phone, Age, GPA). Note that the cell phone may be from a
different city and state (or province) from the local phone. A possible tuple of the relation is
shown below: a. Identify the critical missi
Display the number of pounds of milk produced in each year along with the ranking of each year
in terms of the number of pounds of milk produced. The rankings should be displayed in
descending order (i.e., year with the top production should receive the highest rank)?
What is a Join operation? What is meant when it is said that two relations are join compatible?
What is the difference between an Inner Join operation and an Outer Join operation?
In SQL, specify the following queries on the database specified in Figure 3.5 using the concept
of nested queries and the concepts described in this chapter. a. Retrieve the names of all
employees who work in the department that has the employee with the highest salary among all
employees. b. Retrieve the names of a
Describe the SQL clauses used in the definition of: a. A primary key constraint b. An alternate
key constraint c. A foreign key constraint d. A check constraint
Display all of the assemblies for which a Bracket assembly is a subassembly?

You must have completed Exercise 10 in Chapter 10 for beginning this exercise and thus have
used the SQL Data Definition Language to create tables for the three relations DRIVER,
TICKET_TYPE, and TICKET? a. Use the SQL INSERT statement to populate these tables with
the following data. Ttp offense Ttp fine Parking.
Is the relation instance SHIRT in Exercise 2 in 5NF? If the answer is yes, explain. If the answer
is no, provide a solution.
What is the difference between a Select statement that used Count (*) and a select statement that
uses count (Column name)? How does Count (Column name) differ from Count (Distnct column
name)?
Display the total number of pounds of milk produced in each region during the 2006-2010 time
period?
Consider the following relations for a database that keeps track of student enrollment in courses
and the books adopted for each course: STUDENT (SSN, Name, Major, Bdate) COURSE
(Course#, Quarter, Grade) ENROLL (SSN, Course#, Quarter, Grade) BOOK_ADOPTION
(Course#, Quarter, Book_ISBN) TEXT (Book_ISBN, Book_Title,
Specify queries (a), (b), (c), (e), (f), (i), and (j) of Exercise 6.16 in both tuple and domain
relational calculus.
Consider the following six relations for an order-processing database application in a company:
CUSTOMER (Cust#, Cname, City) ORDER (Order#, Odate, Cust#, Ord_Amt) ORDER_ITEM
(Order#, Item#, Qty) ITEM (Item#, Unit_price) SHIPMENT (Order#, Warehouse#, Ship_date)
WAREHOUSE (Warehouse#, City) Here, Ord_Amt refers t
Show the result of each of the sample queries in Section 6.5 as it would apply to the database
state in Figure 3.6.
Show how you can specify the following relational algebra operations in both tuple and domain
relational calculus. (a) SELECT A=c (R(A, B, C)): (b) PROJECT (R(A, B, C)): (c) R(A, B, C)
NATURAL JOIN S(C, D, E): (d) R(A, B, C) UNION S(A, B, C): (e) R(A, B, C) INTERSECT
S(A, B, C): (f) R(A, B, C) MINUS S(A, B, C):
Discuss the differences between a relation and a table.
Consider the relation instance STUDENT (Major, Stu_id, Activity, Name, Phone) a. Identify all
multi-valued dependencies in STUDENT. b. Describe insertion, deletion, and update anomalies
that accompany each of the multi-valued dependencies identified above. Are any of these multi-
valued dependencies also functional de
A nested query is query within a query. More specifically, a nested query is a parenthesized
query that can be used as a value in a number of places, such as instead of a relation or a
selection condition. Specify the following queries on the database specified in Figure 3.5 using
the concept of nested queries and the
Rewrite the domain relational calculus queries that followed Q0 in Section 6.7 in the style of the
abbreviated notation of Q0A, where the objective is to minimize the number of domain variables
by writing constants in place of variables wherever possible.
Consider the instance of the relation SHIRT (Shirt#, Color, Size) where Shirt# is equivalent to a
style number (e.g., style number 341 might be a shirt with a button-down collar while style
number 342 might be a shirt with an open collar, etc.). Observe that each Shirt# comes in a
variety of colors and sizes. Does SHI
Consider the relation schema STUDENT (Sid, Shoe_size, Marital_status) F: fd1: Sid â†’
Shoe_size;...................fd2: Sid â†’ Marital_status a. Does STUDENT possess a multi-valued
dependency? Why or why not? b. Does STUDENT possess a fourth normal form violation?
Explain your answer.
Consider Figure 1.2. a. If the name of the 'CS' (Computer Science) Department changes to
'CSSE' (Computer Science and Software Engineering) Department and the corresponding prefix
for the course number also changes, identify the columns in the database that would need to be
updated. b. Can you restructure the colum
Display the number of pounds of milk produced in each region each year along with the total
number of pounds produced in each region, the total number of pounds of milk produced during
each year and the total number of pounds of milk produced overall?
Describe the types of modifications that can be made to a table using the ALTER TABLE
statement.
Specify the following additional queries on the database of Figure 3.5 in SQL. Show the query
results if applied to the database of Figure 3.6. (a) For each department whose average employee
salary is more than $30,000, retrieve the department name and the number of employees working
for that department. (b) Suppose

You must have completed Exercise 9 before beginning this exercise, and thus have used the SQL
Data Definition Language to create tables for the three relations DRIVER, TICKET_TYPE, and
TICKET. Use the SQL INSERT statement to populate these tables with the following data?
When entering the data of the ticket, in the In
Database design often involves decisions about the storage of attributes. For example a Social
Security Number can be stored as a one attribute or split into three attributes (one for each of the
three hyphen-deliniated groups of numbers in a Social Security Number-XXX-XX-XXXX).
However, Social Security Number is usu
You must have completed Exercise 11 of Chapter 10 before beginning this exercise, and thus
have used the SQL Data Definition Language to populate the tables for the three relations
COMPANY, STUDENT, and INTERNSHIP. Once the three tables have been populated, write
SQL Select statements to satisfy the following informati
When must a Group by clause be used in a query?
Display the sum along with a three month moving average of the production of milk across the
regions of the 2006-2010 period starting with January, 2006 and ending in December, 2010?
Display all subassemblies of a snow shovel along with the number of required units of each.
Indent each component in such a way as to appropriately depict the hierarchical structure?
Give examples of systems in which it may make sense to use traditional file processing instead
of a database approach.
Consider the relation CLASS(Course#, Univ_Section#, InstructorName, Semester,

BuildingCode, Room#, TimePeriod, Weekdays, CreditHours). This represents classes taught in a
university with unique Univ_Section#. Give what you think should be various candidate keys
and write in your own words under what constraints each ca
What is the difference a select statement used in conjunction with the relational algebra Selection
operation and a Select statement in conjunction with the relational algebra Projection operation?
Specify the following queries in SQL on the database schema of Figure 1.2. (a) Retrieve the
names and major departments of all straight-A students (students who have a grade of A in all
their courses). (b) Retrieve the names and major departments of all students who do not have any
grade of A in any of their courses.
Display only the total number of pounds of milk produced in each region and in each year. Order
the results by the totals generated?
What is a join dependency and in what way is it related to a multi-valued dependency?
Specify all the relationships among the records of the database shown in Figure 1.2.
Specify the following queries on the COMPANY relational database schema shown in Figure
3.5, using the relational operators discussed in this chapter. Also show the result of each query as
it would apply to the database state of Figure 3.6. (a) Retrieve the names of employees in
department 5 who work more than 10 hour
Consider the following relations for a database that keeps track of business trips of salespersons
in a sales office: SALESPERSON (SSN, Name, Start_Year, Dept_No) TRIP (SSN, From_City,
To_City, Departure_Date, Return_Date, Trip_ID) EXPENSE (Trip_ID, Account#, Amount)
Specify the foreign keys for this schema, statin
Recent changes in privacy laws have disallowed organizations from using SSN to identify
individuals unless certain restrictions are satisfied. As a result, most US universities cannot use
SSNs as primary keys (except for financial data). In practice, StudentID, a unique ID, a unique
identifier, assigned to every studen
Describe the six clauses that can be used in the syntax of the SQL Select statement. Which two
clauses must be part of each Select statement?
Why is it important to be aware of the distinction between the Char and Varchar data types?
What is a subquery and where can subqueries appear within an SQL Select statement?
This exercise is based on four different inventory relation schemas: P, Q, R, and S. An instance
of each relation schema is given below, each of which reflects a different design objective. a.
Identify the primary key of each relation schema. b. Indicate the functional dependencies and/or
multi-valued dependencies pr
Write appropriate SQL DDL statements for declaring the LIBRARY relational database schema
of Figure 4.6. Specify the keys and referential triggered actions.
What is the difference between the result obtained from a section operation versus a Projection
operation?
Display the subassemblies of a snow shovel in the same top to bottom order as shown there: The
level 2 nodes need not be displayed in the same left to right order as shown in the figure:
Consider the two tables T1 and T2 shown in Figure 6.15. Show the results of the following
operations:
Display the sum along with a three-month moving average of the production of milk across the
regions for the 2006-2010 period starting with January and ending in December?
The purpose of this exercise is to give you an opportunity to create the tables for Bearcat
Incorporated. The tables themselves are based on the relations that appear in the following
figure. L1: EMPLOYEE (Emp_fname, Emp_minit, Emp_lname, Emp_nametag, Emp_emp_e#a,
Emp_emp_e#n, Emp_address, Emp_salary, Emp_pl_name, Emp
Consider a revised instance of the SHIRT relation in Exercise 2. Does this version of SHIRT
possess the multi-valued dependency Shirt# -->> Color|Size? Why or why not?
Specify queries c, d, and e of Exercise 6.18 in both tuple and domain relational calculus.
Consider the universal relation schema STOCK (Symbol, Company, Exchange, Investor, Date,
Price, Broker, Dividend) and the following dependencies set: fd: Symbol â†’ {Company,
Exchange, Dividend} mvd: Symbol --->> {Investor, Broker} a. Identify the primary key such
that STOCK is in first normal form. b. Explain the
How many rows of output would be produced if the ROLLUP used in your query were to take
the following form: GROUP BY ROLLUP (MONTH, YEAR, REG_NAME)? Write a query to
verify your result?
This exercise is based on the data sets associated with Figure 2.25 in Chapter 2. a. Use the SQL
Data Definition Language to create a relational schema that consists of the following three
relations: COMPANY (Co_name, Co_size, Co_headquarters) STUDENT (St_name, St_major,
St_status) INTERNSHIP (In_co_name, In_st_nam
Given the schema SCHEDULE (Prof, Office, Major, {Book}, Course, Quarter) along with: F:
fd1: Prof â†’ {Office, Major} and D: mvd: Prof --->> Book a. Identify the primary key of
SCHEDULE such that SCHEDULE is a first normal form relation schema. b. Normalize
SCHEDULE to fourth normal form. c. Indicate the entity int
Consider the LIBRARY relational database schema of Figure 4.6. Choose the appropriate action
(reject, cascade, set to null, set to default) for each referential integrity constraint, both for the
deletion of a referenced tuple, and for the update of a primary key attribute value in a referenced
tuple. Justify your choi
Display all subassemblies manufactured by Sears that require more than 1 unit?
Display the number of pounds of milk produced in each month during the 2006-2010 period
along with the ranking of each month in terms of the number of pounds of milk produced. The

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