Activity 2A

Classification of Tissues

Name: Ma. Joanna Catherine C. Lopez Lab Time/Date: 11:15 A.M / September 3, 2020

Exercise 1. Tissue Structure and Function: General Review

1. Define Tissue:
- these are group of cells are similar in structure and functions.

2. Use the key choices to identify the major tissue types described below. (Some choices maybe
used more than once.)

Key: connective epithelium muscular nervous

Epithelium 1. Lines body cavities and covers the body’s external surface

Muscular 2. Pumps blood, flushes urine out of the body, allows one to
swing a bat.

Nervous 3. Transmits waves of excitation

Connective 4. Anchors and packages body organs

Epithelium 5. Cells may absorb, protect, or form a filtering membrane

Nervous 6. Most involved in regulating body functions quickly

Muscular 7. Major function is to contract

Connective 8. The most durable tissue type

Connective 9. Abundant non-living extracellular matrix

Nervous 10. Forms nerves

Exercise 2. Epithelial Tissue

1. On what bases are epithelial tissues classified?
Epithelial tissues are classified according to its arrangement (layers are
either simple or stratified) and cell shape (squamous, cuboidal and
columnar).

2. How is the function of an epithelium reflected in its arrangement?

Its function is to form linings reflected in the arrangement of fitting
closely together to form intact sheets of cell. The simple epithelia are most
concerned in absorption and filtration. The stratified epithelia functions
primarily as a protection.
3. Where is ciliated epithelium found?

Ciliated epithelium is found in the trachea and upper respiratory.

What role does it play?

Ciliated epithelium lining the respiratory tract (mostly pseudostratified

columnar) functions to sweep dust and other foreign particles away from the
lungs. They mainly function to motile cells projections.

4. Transitional epithelium is actually stratified squamous epithelium,

but there is something special about it. How does it differ
structurally from other stratified squamous.

Its basal cells are cuboidal or columnar, and its surface cells are
dome shaped/ squamous like. These cell types when put together, allow
for smooth movement between cells allowing for stretching to take
place.

5. How does this structural difference reflect its function in the

body?

Cells are rounded when the tissue is not stretched. Such example
happens when the organ is distended with urine, the epithelium thins
like a rubber band being stretched, and the surface cells flatten and
become squamous-like. This ability of transitional cells to slide past
one another and change their shape (undergo “transitions”) allowing the
ureter wall to stretch as a greater volume of urine flows through that
tube-like organ. In the bladder, it allows more urine to be stored.

6. Use the key choices to respond to the following. (Some choices may be used more than once).
Key: pseudostratified ciliated columnar simple cuboidal stratified squamous
Simple columnar simple squamous transitional

Stratified squamous 1. Best suited for areas subject to friction

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar 2. Propels substances across its surface
Simple squamous 3. Most suited for rapid diffusion
Simple cuboidal 4. Tubules of the kidney
Pseudostratified c iliated columnar 5. Lines much of the respiratory tract
Transitional 6. Stretches
Simple Columnar 7. Lines the small and large intestines
Stratified squamous 8. Lining the esophagus
Transitional 9. Lining the bladder
Simple squamous 10. Alveolar sacs (air sacs) of the lungs
Exercise 3. Connective Tissue
1. What are the components of the matrix in connective tissues?

The components include the structureless nonliving ground substance

(composed of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins and proteoglycans)
and fibers (such as collagen, keratin and reticular) secreted by fibroblasts.

2. How are the functions of connective tissue reflected in its

structure?

The functions of connective tissues are protection, support, & binding other
tissues together – thus, reflected in cellular matrix for strength & fibers
for support in the body.

Exercise 4. Muscle Tissue

1. The terms and phrases in the key relate to the muscle tissues. For each of the three
muscle tissues, select the terms and phrases that characterize it, and write the
corresponding letter of each term on the answer line. (Some choices may be used more
than once).

Key
:
a. striated f. voluntary k. attached to bones
b. branching cells g. involuntary l. intercalated discs
c. spindle-shaped h. one nucleus m.in the wall of bladder and stomach
d. cylindrical cells i. many nuclei n. moves limbs, produces smiles
e. active during birth j. forms heart walls.o. arranged sheets

Skeletal Muscle: a. i. k. f. d. n.
Cardiac Muscle: j. a. h. b. l. g. e. d
Smooth Muscle: o. h. m. g. e. c.

Exercise 5. Nervous Tissue

In what ways are neurons similar to other cells? Neurons are

similar to other cells in a way that their cells contain nucleus with
cytoplasm covered by the plasma membrane.

a. How are they different?

However, their cytoplasm is drawn out into long processes (extensions),

as long as 3 feet or more in the leg, which allows a single neuron to
conduct an impulse to distant body locations.
b. How does the special structure of the neuron relate to its
function?

The neuron is broken up into two major regions: a region for

receiving and processing incoming information from other cells and
a region for conducting and transmitting information to other
cell. Thus, this structure allows neurons to conduct impulses over
relatively long distances.

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