CANTILEVER DESIGN PHILOSOPHY FOR PROTECTION PILE

GL GL

h=depth of Excavation
Ps

Pa

Base of Excavation hs hs

Base of Excavation
=As perr Embedment length As per IS2911

Mp= Moment on Micropile

due to surcharge and Soil point where, Ps= Point Surcharge load from adjacent building
with FOS adopted = 1.25~1.5

load at base of Excavation Pa= Active Earth Pressure

hs= distance of Point Surcharge load from base of Excavation
length of Micropile

ha= distance of Point load due to Active earth pressure.

Mp= Ps x hs + Pa x ha Cantilever Moment Formulae

Micropile Axial load on pile

Micropile Pu = [S x tw+∏/4 x ز+S x b x D] x ϒc
where = S = Spacing of Piles
tw = Protection wall thickness
b = width of Top Cap beam of Pile
D = depth of Top Cap beam of Pile
Ø = Diameter of Micropiles
 SURCHARGE CALCULATION FROM ADJACENT BUILDING
A Input Data :-
Height of Protection pile from Top ground level to Top (h1) = Assume 0.000 m
Height of Protection pile from Formation Level to Top ground level (h2) = 6.000 m
Height of Protection pile from Formation Level (h3)= h2= 8.0 = 6.000 m
Stiffnes factor in normally loaded clays = = 1.955 m
Embedment length required for Short rigid Pile in Normal clay = d0 3.911 m
Total Length of Protection pile required = H1 =h2+d0 9.911 m
Total height of Protection pile provided, H = h1+h2+h3 = 12.000 m
Factor of Safety for Root penetration depth = H/H1 1.21
Height for holding soil mass= 6.000 m
Grade of Concrete, fck = M20
3
Subgrade Modulus of Soil As per IS 2911 Soft ηb= 2400 KN/m
Critical N-Value from Bore logs for root penetration/Embed length= 15 From bore log 1
Soil Type = Granular Soil Condition = Submerged
Diameter of Protection pile (ØD) = 0.500 m
Top down wall thickness, tw= 0.150 m
Spacing of Protection pile, S,m = 1.000 m
Surcharge load from adjacent building Considered = Yes
Length of adjacent Building ┴r to the Protection pile Array, L, m = 23.100 m
Breadth of adjacent Building // to the Protection pile Array, B,m = 17.300 m
Number of Floors of adjacent Building, nf = 2.500 Nos
Adjacent Building has Mat footing or Isolated Footing = Isolated Footing
Numbers of Columns perpendicular the direction of Protection pile, n1 = 5.000 Nos
4.000 Nos
Spacing of Column ┴r between 1st & 2nd array of Columns, s1,m = 6.000 m
Spacing of Columns ┴r between 2nd & 3rd array of Columns, s2,m = 6.000 m
Spacing of Columns ┴r between 3rd & 4th array of Columns, s3,m = 6.000 m
Spacing of Columns ┴r between 4th & 5th array of Columns, s4,m = 4.800 m
Spacing of Rows of Columns 1 & 2 along Protection piles = 5.500 m
Spacing of Rows of Columns 2 & 3 along Protection piles = 6.000 m
Spacing of Rows of Columns 3 & 4 along Protection piles = 5.500 m
Ist Line IInd Line IIIrd Line IVth Line Vth Line
Length of Isolated Footing, l,m = 1.500 1.500 1.500 1.500 1.500 m
Breadth of Isolated Footing, bm= 1.500 1.500 1.500 1.500 1.500 m
2
Total Footing Area, At = 45.000 m
Total Number of Columns, Tc= 20.000 Nos
dist. of Protection pile to Nearest Coln or pt. load of adj. bldg d1 ,m= 8.000 m
depth of Footing of adjacent bldg from Existing Ground Level d2,m = 1.500 m
Unit weight of soil (ϒs) = 19.424 KN/m
3
based on Borelog 1 &
From soil test report

Φ = internal friction angle of soil 29.000 º

Cohesion of soil C = 4.500 KN/m
2

back fill of soil inclination, β = 0.000 º

2

Friction coefficient between Soil and Structure, μ = 0.500

Frinction angle between soil and structure, δ = 19.333 º
Back face inclination of Protection pile, α = 90.000 º
2
Building Plinth Area, Ab = L x B = 23.1 m x 17.3 m 399.630 m
2
Assumed Thumb Rule for weight of Building , w= 1.600 ton/m
Total weight of Structure , WT, KN = 15681 KN
Additional surcharge from vehicle Parking 0.000 KN/m
2

Surcharge Load q1, KN/m2 on each Footing = 2

45.32 KN/m at distance of 8.000 m
Surcharge Load q2, KN/m2 on each Footing = 2
45.32 KN/m at distance of 13.500 m
 Surcharge Load q3, KN/m2 on each Footing = 2
45.32 KN/m at distance of 19.500 m
Surcharge Load q4, KN/m2 on each Footing = 2
45.32 KN/m at distance of 25.000 m
Surcharge Load q5, KN/m2 on each Footing = 2
45.32 KN/m at distance of 31.000 m

0.000 0.00 0.000 0.0 0 2

0.0 2.0 4.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0.000 0.0
0.000 -1.00 0.000 -1.0
0.000 -1.0
0.566 -2.00 0.105 -2.0
0.052 -2.0
1.611 -3.00 0.308 -3.0
0.155 -3.0
2.430 -4.00 + 0.494 -4.0 +
0.253 -4.0
2.955 -5.00 0.656 -5.0
0.345 -5.0

DEPTH, M
DEPTH, M

3.194 -6.00 0.786 -6.0

DEPTH, M
0.427 -6.0
3.204 -7.00 0.883 -7.0
0.500 -7.0
3.058 -8.00 0.947 -8.0 0.560 -8.0

2.823 -9.00 0.981 -9.0 0.609 -9.0

2.547 -10.00 0.991 -10.0 0.646 -10.0

2.265 -11.00 0.979 -11.0 0.673 -11.0

SURCHARGE LOAD DUE TO
-12.00 -12.0 3rd COLUMN
0.689 -12.0
1.996 SURCHARGE LOAD DUE 0.952
TO
SURCHARGE LOAD DUE TO 2nD COLUMN -13.0
1st COLUMN -13.00 -13.0
KN/M2 KN/M2 KN/M2

0.000 0.0 0.000 0.0

0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5

0.000 -1.0 0.000 -1.0

0.722 -2.0 0.722 -2.0

2.074 -3.0 2.074 -3.0

3.178 -4.0 3.178 -4.0

3.955 -5.0 Total Surcharge due to adjacent Building

3.955 -5.0
4.407
DEPTH, M

4.407 -6.0
DEPTH, M

4.407 -6.0 2.204

4.586-7.0 2.293 -7.0

4.565-8.0 2.283 -8.0

4.413 -9.0 2.207 -9.0

4.184 -10.0 2.092 -10.0

Total Surcharge due to adjacent Building

3.917 -11.0 1.958 -11.0

3.636 -12.0 1.818 -12.0

-13.0 -13.0
KN/M2 KN/M2
Line of Action of Surcharge Load due to adjacent building
𝐴1 𝑋1 + 𝐴2 𝑋2 + 𝐴3 𝑋3 + 𝐴4 𝑋4 + 𝐴5 𝑋5 + ⋯ . +𝐴𝑛 𝑋𝑛 hs= 1.692 m from
𝑋ത = bottom of
σ𝑛1 𝐴𝑛
𝐴1 = 0.000 KN/m 𝑋1 = 5.500 m Excavation
𝐴2 = 0.361 KN/m 𝑋2 = 4.500 m depth or
𝐴3 = 1.398 KN/m 𝑋3 = 3.500 m dredge line
𝐴4 = 2.626 KN/m 𝑋4 = 2.500 m
𝐴5 = 3.567 KN/m 𝑋5 = 1.500 m
𝐴6 = 4.181 KN/m 𝑋6 = 0.500 m
Ps= 𝐴𝑛 = 12.133 KN/m

L1 1
𝐴1 = 𝐿1 𝑎
a 2
1
L2 𝐴2 = 𝐿2 (𝑎 + 𝑏)
2
b
L3 1
c 𝐴𝑛 = 𝐿𝑛 (𝑏 + 𝑐)
2
L4/3
1
𝐴4 = 𝐿4 (1.0・𝑐)
L4 2
(L4=16.235m-8m=8.23m)

Sketches of Point load Calculation from Surcharge Pressure

 SURCHARGE CALCULATION FROM ADJACENT BUILDING
A Geometry Data :-
Height of Protection Pile from Ground level to Top (h1) = 0.000 m
Height of Protection Pile from Foundation Level to Top ground level (h2) = 6.000 m
Total height of Protection Pile, H = h1+h2+h3 = 6.000 m
distance from base of Excavation to the point of action of active earth pressure (h4)= 4.000 m
Spacing of Protection Pile = 1.000 m
Unit weight of soil (ϒ) = 19.424 From bore log 1

From soil test report

based on borelog
n
Φ = angle bet resultant force and normal to failure plane/friction angle of soil 29.000 º
3
Cohesion of soil at base C'2 4.500 KN/m
Frictional coefficient μ = 0.150
Maximum Existing back slope of Existing Ground with horizontal = α = 0.000 º
Angle between back face of Protection Pile with horizontal = β 90.000 º
Angle of friction betn the soil & wall = δ = betn ⅟₂φ to ⅔φ 0.50 19.333 º
CALCULATION OF ACTIVE EARTH PRESSURE
Excavation Side Passive Earth Pressure Protected Side Net Pa Earth Pressure Calculation
Z, m Pa Z, m Pa AEP -Ex AEP-P Net EP
0 0.00 0.00 0.000 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
1 1.00 -1.00 0.000 1 1.00 -1.00 3.00 3.00 0.00 6.00 6.004
2 2.00 -2.00 0.000 2 2.00 -2.00 12.01 12.01 0.00 12.01 12.007
3 3.00 -3.00 0.000 4 3.00 -3.00 27.02 27.02 0.00 18.01 18.011
4 4.00 -4.00 0.000 5 4.00 -4.00 48.03 48.03 0.00 24.01 24.014
5 5.00 -5.00 0.000 5 5.00 -5.00 75.04 75.04 0.00 30.02 30.018
6 6.00 -6.00 0.000 6 6.00 -6.00 108.06 108.06 0.00 36.02 36.022
7 6.00 -6.00 0.000 7 6.00 -6.00 108.06 108.06 0.00 36.02 12.007
8 7.00 -7.00 -3.002 8 7.00 -7.00 147.09 144.09 -6.00 42.03 12.007
9 8.00 -8.00 -12.007 9 8.00 -8.00 192.11 180.11 -12.01 48.03 12.007
10 9.00 -9.00 -27.016 10 9.00 -9.00 243.15 216.13 -18.01 54.03 12.007
11 10.00 -10.00 -48.029 11 10.00 -10.00 300.18 252.15 -24.01 60.04 12.007
12 11.00 -11.00 -75.045 12 11.00 -11.00 363.22 288.17 -30.02 66.04 12.007
13 12.00 -12.00 -108.065 13 12.00 -12.00 432.26 324.19 -36.02 72.04 12.007

Coulomb's theory of active earth pressure coeff. At wall at static condition (KA) =
𝑆𝑖𝑛2 ∅ + 𝛽
𝐾𝑎 = 2
0.309
sin ∅ + 𝛿 sin ∅ − 𝛼
𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝛽𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝛽−𝛿 1+
sin 𝛽 + 𝛿 sin 𝛼 − 𝛽
Equivalent AEP, Ø500/1000= 0.5000 = 24.0144 KN/m 12.007 #REF!
Active earth pressure at wall in Static Condition = 108.065 KN/m

Line of Action of Earth Pressure

𝐴1 𝑋1 + 𝐴2 𝑋2 + 𝐴3 𝑋3 + 𝐴4 𝑋4 + 𝐴5 𝑋5 + 𝐴6 𝑋6 ha= 2.028 m from bottom of

𝑋ത =
σ𝑛1 𝐴𝑛 Top
𝐴1 = 3.002 KN/m 𝑋1 = 5.50 m
𝐴2 = 9.005 KN/m 𝑋2 = 4.50 m
𝐴3 = 15.009 KN/m 𝑋3 = 3.50 m
𝐴4 = 21.013 KN/m 𝑋4 = 2.50 m
𝐴5 = 27.016 KN/m 𝑋5 = 1.50 m
𝐴6 = 33.020 KN/m 𝑋6 = 0.50 m
Pa= 𝐴𝑛 = 108.06 KN/m Point Load
 𝐴𝑛

1
L1 𝐴1 = 𝐿1 𝑎
a 2
1
L2 𝐴2 = 𝐿2 (𝑎 + 𝑏)
b 2
1
L3 𝐴3 = 𝐿3 (𝑏 + 𝑐)
c 2
Sketches of Point load Calculation from Active Earth Pressure of Soil

Excavation Side AEP Protected Side AEP

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
-40.00 -30.00 -20.00 -10.00 0.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00

0.00 -1.00 -1.00 6.004

0.00 -2.00 -2.00 12.007

0.00 -3.00 -3.00 18.011

0.00 -4.00 -4.00 24.014

0.00 -5.00 -5.00 30.018

0.00 -6.00 -6.00 36.022

-6.00 -7.00 -7.00 42.025

-12.01 -8.00 -8.00 48.029

-18.01 -9.00 -9.00 54.032

-24.01 -10.00 -10.00 60.036

-30.02 -11.00 -11.00 66.040

-36.02 -12.00 -12.00 72.043

-13.00 -13.00
 Net EP Diagram Combined Pressure
Diagram
0.00 0.000
0.000 10.000 20.000 30.000 40.000
-1.00 6.004 0.00 0.000
0.000 10.000 20.000 30.000 40.000 50.000
-2.00 12.007

-1.00 6.004
-3.00 18.011

-4.00 24.014
-2.00 12.729
-5.00 30.018

-6.00 12.007 36.022 -3.00 20.085

-7.00 12.007

-4.00 27.192
-8.00 12.007

-9.00 12.007
-5.00 33.973

-10.00 12.007

-11.00 12.007 -6.00 14.211 40.429

-12.00 12.007

-7.00 14.300
-13.00

Combined Pressure
Depth Soil-Active Surcharge Combined -8.00 14.290
m kN/m2 kN/m2 kN/m2
0.00 0.000 0.000 0.000
-1.00 6.004 0.000 6.004
-9.00 14.214
-2.00 12.007 0.722 12.729
-3.00 18.011 2.074 20.085
-4.00 24.014 3.178 27.192
-5.00 30.018 3.955 33.973 -10.00 14.099
-6.00 36.022 4.407 40.429
-6.00 12.007 2.204 14.211
-7.00 12.007 2.293 14.300
-8.00 12.007 2.283 14.290 -11.00 13.965
-9.00 12.007 2.207 14.214
-10.00 12.007 2.092 14.099
-11.00 12.007 1.958 13.965
-12.00 12.007 1.818 13.825 -12.00 13.825

-13.00
 STAGE-II:- RCC DESIGN OF PROTECTION PILE
Design of column is done as per IS 456-2000
Protection Pile Spacing @ 1000 mm c/c
Section properties Ø 500 mm
Protection Wall thickness = tw= 150 mm
Length of Cantilever Part of Protection Pile 6m
Total Length of Protection pile 12 m
Breadth of Pile Cap beam on Top= b= 0.500 m
Depth of Pile Cap beam on Top = D= 0.500 m
Factor of Safety FOS 1.000
Point load due to Surcharge from adjacent building, Psurcharge = 12.133 KN From Calculation of Surcharge
Point load due to Active Earth Pressure from Soil, Psoil = 108.065 KN From Calculation of Active Eath Pre.
Line of action of Surcharge from Adjacent building, XSur= 1.692 m
Line of action of Active Earth pressure from Soil, XAEP= 2.028 m
Total moment on Piles due to surcharge and Active Earth Pressure 239.655 KN-m Mp= Ps x hs + Pa x ha
Axial load on Protection Piles, Pu = 1.05*[S x tw x h2+∏/4 x ز+S x b x D]x ϒc 34.635 KN
Circular section Diameter of Protection Pile, Ød 500 mm
Cover, c 50 mm
2
Characteristic strength of Concrete 20 N/mm
2
Yield stress of Steel 500 N/mm
3
Unit weight of Concrete, ϒc= 24.5 KN/m
c/D = c/Ød 0.100
Detiled design IS 456 Main Reinforcement Remarks
Critical combination Code Clause
Axial N1 end 1 34.635 KN
Axial N1 end 2 0.000 KN
Major M end 1 239.655 KNm
Major M end 2 0.000 KNm
Minor M end 1 0.000 KNm
Minor M end 2 0.000 KNm
Torson for Bending 0.000 KNm
Max Shear force 120.198 KN
Torson for Max Shear force 0.000 KNm
Shear force for max Torsion combination 0.000 KN
Max Torsonal moment 6.010 KNm
Factored Axial force due to 25mm Setttlement 0.000
Factored Moment due to 25mm Settlement 0.000
Max Axial N1 end 1 including settlement, Pu 34.63
Max Major M end 1 including settlement 239.66
Column Type Slender Compression member 24.0 Short Column 25.1.2
Unsupport length of column 12 m
Minimum eccentrictiy along major axis 2.03 mm
Minimum eccentrictiy along minor axis 2.03 mm
Moment due to minimum eccentricity Major 0.07 KNm
Moment due to minimum eccentricity minor 0.07 KNm
Additional moment Mαx= Pu*D*(lex/D)2/2000 4.99 KNm 39.7.1
Additional moment Mαx= Pu*b*(ley/b)2/2000 4.99 KNm 39.7.1
Pub,x 51.952 KN
Pub,y 0.000 KN
Puz 2898.57 KN
Reduction factor for slenderness moment are as calculated below:
Kr=(Puz-Pu)/(Puz-Pubx) 1.01 Kr=(Puz-Pu)/(Puz-Puby) 0.99
Design moment is calculated by using appropriate combination of following
a. Slenderness Ratio b. minimum eccentricity of moment c. Applied moments
Design Mx 244.71 KNm 39.7.1
Design My 5.00 KNm 39.7.1
Percentage of Steel Equally distributed 1.574 %
p% / fck 0.079
Pux / fck*D2 0.007
Refering the chart SP: 16 Lower limit c/D 0.050 Upper limit c/D0.100
Lower limit Chart no 59 Upp. Limit Chart 60
3
Lower limit Mxu / fck*D Up. lim Mxu/fck*D3
0.120 0.100
Lower limit Mux= Upper
300 limit Mux= 250 KNm
for c/D= 0.1 Mux1= 250 KNm
Lower limit Muy= Upper
250 limit Muy= 250 KNm
for c/D= 0.1 Muy1= 250 KNm
Puz=0.45*fck*Ac+0.75*fy*Asc 2898.57 KN 39.6
Pux/Puz = Puy/Puz 0.012
α 1.0000 39.6
(Mxu/Mxu1) + (Myu/ Myu1)α
α
0.999 OK for biaxial moment 39.6
α
(Mxu/Mxu1) 0.979
Extra stressed level due to Muy 1.0204
minimum allowable spacing of bar 50 mm
Actual spacing of bar 209 mm
Maximum allowable spacing of bar 300 mm 26.5.3.1 g
Provided Number and Dia Through bar Ф = 16 No. = 6
Provided Number and Dia Extra bar Ф = 20 No. = 6
2
Actual Area of steel 3091.33 mm
Maximum allowable percentage of steel 4% 26.5.3.1 a
Actual percentage of main steel 1.574 OK
Detailed IS 456 Transverse Reinforcement
Distance between compressive bar and restrained bar in minor axis > 3.12.7.2
Dia of lateral ties 10 mm
Number of leg 2
2
Shear stress, including Torsion 0.646 N/mm
2 2
Shear Strength of the section, 0.570 N/mm < 0.646 N/mm
Transeverse reinforcement is required Svreq 1815.84 mm
provide Sv 175.000 mm
2
nominal reinforcement = Asv=Tu*Sv/(b1*d1*0.87*fy)+Vu/(2.5*d1*0.87*fy) 15.111 mm
Provide Stirrups of 2 Legged, dia. 10 mm @ 175 mm c/c
Provide in Endspan 2 Legged, dia. 10 mm @ 175 mm c/c