LANGUAGES, HUMANITIES, AND SOCIAL SCIENCES CLUSTER

(ENGLISH)
SCHOOL YEAR 2020 - 2021

ORAL
COMMUNICATION IN
CONTEXT
ENG01

Course Outcome 2

Prepared by:

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Ms. Khristina
Tolentino
NAME: ____________________________________ TEACHER: ________________________
YEAR AND SECTION: _______________________ SCHEDULE: _______________________

COURSE OUTCOME BULLETIN

Objective: Students to display solid understanding of the various purposes of oral discourse in
relationship to different contexts and show critical thinking and problem-solving skills to
understand the intricate link between audience, speaker, and occasion.
Subject Matters:

Lesson 1: Functions of Communication

Lesson 2: Types of Speech Contexts Lesson
3: Types of Speech Styles Evaluation:

Performance Task: Open Group Discussion

Written Work: Short Quiz

I. Functions of Communication
As social beings, we communicate for different functions, contexts, and reasons which
aims to be understood by our receiver. As we go through this module, we will be able to
understand functions of various communication situations as we spend about 70%* of
our day communicating and learning how to effectively control the communication
process and delivery.

Communication is viewed as the process through which organizations emerge and evolve and
the basis upon which individuals, relationships, groups, and organizations relate to their
surroundings and to one another.

Communication is the mechanism of transferring meaningful information from one person to

another. Poor communication is probably the most frequently cited source of interpersonal
conflict.
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*The individuals spend nearly 70 percent of their waking hours communicating—writing,

reading, speaking, listening.

Communication is meant to be shared.

Communication serves five major functions within a group or organization.
These are:

1. Regulation/ Control
2. Social interaction
3. Motivation
4. Emotional expression
5. Information Dissemination

1.1. Regulation/Control
This function of communication that can be used to control the behavior of human
beings. It can also be used to regulate the nature and amount of activities humans engage in.

Regulation is a rule or directive made and maintained by an authority.

Control is defined as the power to influence or direct people’s behavior or the course of
events.

This function of communication is usually used by persons in authority or representing authority

to regulate or direct others under them to influence or direct people’s behavior or to
limit/regulate them.
Examples

1. A traffic aide gestures or blows his whistle to direct the flow of pedestrians and vehicles.
2. An auctioneer says “going once, going twice… sold” to end the bidding for items being
auctioned.
3. Religions all over the world have sets of laws being prescribed for their faithful.
4. Doctors’ Prescription: “You must drink this 3 times a day after every meal.”
5. Friends giving advice: “Focus on your goals. Don’t mind him.”

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1.2. Social Interaction

The second function of communication to discuss is social interaction wherein it allows
individuals to interact with others as social beings. This happens in our daily course of living, as
us human beings develop and maintain bonds, intimacy, relations and associations with
individuals or groups of people - that leads to strengthening of social circles.

According to the Handbook of Language and Social Interaction, social interaction is the
“spontaneous verbal exchanges occurring in natural settings that are typically familiar to the
interactants.”
Social interaction often functions to produce social relationships, develop bonds, intimacy,
relations and used to express preferences, desires, needs, wants, decisions, goals, and
strengths.
Examples

1. Marriage Proposal: “Will you marry me?”

2. Invitation: “Would you like to go buy some coffee? Let’s go!” 3.
Goals: “Let’s plan our next vacation!”

Social interaction Protocols: DOs and DONTs

● Do not be overly familiar with your superior or any person of authority. Always address
him or her appropriately and show respect .
● Do not make inappropriate jokes or body contact.
● Always show respect and courtesy.
● Do not use loaded words.
● In an argument, stick to the issue and do not resort to personal attacks.

1.3. Motivation

Next to discuss is motivation, as communication functions as to form specific goals,

feedback on progress toward the goals, and reward for desired behavior all stimulate
motivation and require communication.
Specifically, it refers to a person using a language to express desires, needs, wants, likes
and dislikes, inclinations, choices, and aspirations.
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According to Psychology Today, motivation is literally “the desire to do things. “It is the
“crucial element in setting and attaining goals.”

It functions to motivate or to encourage people to act on something/ emotional support.

Motivation is a key communication function that aims to encourage people into action
and being able to motivate others through words and gestures is a skill you should develop so
that you can encourage and inspire the people around you in various ways.

Examples

1. Motivational speakers: Guy Kawasaki, Nick Vujicic, Molly Fletcher

2. HR / Supervisor to an employee clarifying what he/she must do and how to improve subpar
work.
3. Simply saying “Go!” to a friend who expresses a desire to do something is already an
attempt at motivating someone.
4. A simple pat on the back and a reassuring nod can be inspiring.
5. Sharing a prayer for a loved one.

1.4. Emotional Expression

Humans always need to express their emotions verbally and nonverbally. Emotions are a
central part of who we are. Beyond thinking about the things and people in our world, we feel
about them and about ourselves.
In line with this is the next function which is emotional expression, as we refer to
communication as a fundamental mechanism by which members of a group show their
satisfaction and frustrations; therefore, the communication functions to provide the emotional
expression of feelings and fulfillment of social needs.

Emotional expression facilitates people’s expression of their feelings and emotion as human
beings who are naturally inclined to feel and communicate our emotions.

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Every day, you express yourself emotionally through words and gestures. The closer the
relationship or the tighter and more familiar the circle you are in, the easier it is for you to
communicate how you feel.

The ways in which people express their emotions also vary. Some people wear their
emotions on their sleeves, while others are more measured when they convey their
emotions.

In addition, some people express their emotions verbally while some do so in writing. And
others express positive emotions by giving gifts or through endearing physical gestures.

Examples

1. Showing appreciation towards someone through hugs and words of affirmation.

2. Expressing support to a friend who is anxious about an important test
3. Expressing affection towards your parents in words or in deeds
1.5. Information
And finally, information as a function of communication provides the information
individuals and groups need to make decisions by transmitting the data needed to identify and
evaluate choices. Thus, this function of communication helps to facilitate decision making.
Today, information dissemination has become so much easier due to technology. And
accurate information is crucial information, especially since the failure to impart accurate
information at the right time may sometimes result in negative consequences.

Information gives people knowledge, and with this knowledge comes the ability to make
informed choices. This functions basically to convey information and can be used for giving
and getting information

Examples
1. News reporter reporting via broadcast channels about recent events.
2. Customer care service providing step-by-step technical troubleshooting to an internet service
client.
3. Sharing personal and public information on our personal social media accounts.

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II. Types of Speech Contexts

The way we communicate in our day to day as we transmit messages orally or verbally
relates to these speech contexts that we will get to discuss.
The aim of this lesson is to differentiate types of speech context that will help us identify
strategies in effective interpersonal skills and intrapersonal skills appropriate in various
communication situations.

Speech contexts refer to the situation or environment and the circumstances in which
communication occurs and refer to the purpose of the speech or intended communication
goal towards yourself, a person, or a group.

Types Speech Contexts:

1. Intrapersonal Communication
2. Interpersonal Communication
a. Dyad
b. Small Group
c. Public

2.1. Intrapersonal Communication

Most of the time, we do not realize that we are internalizing with our own thoughts,
planning, hoping and imagining among others - and we are simply trying to communicate and
understand ourselves. In the field of psychology, intrapersonal communication is essential to
understanding yourself and others.
In this way, we will be able to make appropriate responses and sound decisions as how
we see ourselves affect how you communicate with others.

Intrapersonal communication is basically communicating with "self”.

As engaging in inner talk or internal discourse such as mumbling, thinking aloud, reflecting,
remembering, analyzing, and evaluating. Doodling, reading aloud, brainstorming, and
daydreaming also indicate intrapersonal communication.

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Examples

1. Aspiring for the future

2. Talking with yourself in the mirror- practicing your speech lines

3. Planning your itinerary for the day

4. Reflecting on your mistakes

5. Analyzing a problem/situation

6. Refreshing our memory

7. Feeling of gush when someone appreciated you

2.2 Interpersonal Communication

If we are not communicating with ourselves, it is probably because we are

communicating with “others”. This is where our social skills come into play as we interact,
engage, relate, argue, and sympathize among others.

Interpersonal communication refers to communication between and among people and

establishes personal relationships between and among them.

Interpersonal communication can be direct (face-to-face encounter) or indirect (done using a

tool or technology like talking to someone over the telephone or Internet, communicating by
e-mail, and teleconferencing in distance-learning class).

A. Interpersonal Communication: Dyad

Dyad is the form of communication which religiously follows the rules of language between
two people only, which can be either done formally (interview and counselling) and informally
(hallway greetings, chats).

Dyad is also referred to as “one-to-one communication”.

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Examples

1. Friendly phone conversations

2. Discussing your project with a partner
3. Sending a private SMS to your cousin
4. Conducting an interviewing with an applicant
5. Talking about your day with your sister/mom/dad

B. Interpersonal Communication: Small Group

Small Group refers to communication that involves at least three but not more than twelve
people engaging in a face-to-face interaction to achieve a desired goal.
In here, there is a group of participants who engage in a discussion to freely share ideas
and to achieve a common goal ; however, members cannot actively communicate with the
members of the group as it is not large enough to displace "feedback. The downside of this
form of communication is that it can form coalitions (not unlike dyads)

Examples:

1. Formal class debate

2. Group works
3. Roundtable discussions
4. Panel discussion
5. Group brainstorming session and study groups
6. Student council meeting discussing concerns of fellow students from various
grade levels

C. Interpersonal Communication: Public

Public communication refers to communication that requires you to deliver or send the
message before or in front of a group.

The aim of the speech is usually to inform or to persuade the audience to act, buy, or think in a
certain way - driven by information or persuasive purposes.

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The receiver or audience for this set-up is usually a mass group of people, hence
communicators should be able to adjust its verbal and non-verbal actions to address the public
given that there is also minimal feedback from its audience.
The voice is usually louder, and the gestures are more expansive because the audience is
bigger. Other forms of visual communication can be added to improve the message such as
slides or a PowerPoint presentation.
Examples:

1. President Duterte during his annual State of the Nation Address

2. TED Talk session
3. Student delivering a graduation speech

III. Types of Speech Styles

Every time we communicate it dictates a set of appropriate language or vocabulary
should be used or observed depending on the purpose, environment, or situation. And how it
affects the way people communicate, results in various speech styles.

Speech styles refer to the way in which something is said, done, expressed, or performed. It
dictates or serves as the patterns of speaking characterized by distinct pronunciation,
vocabulary, intent, participants, and grammatical structures.

Types of Speech Styles (Joos,1968):

1. Intimate
2. Casual
3. Consultative
4. Formal
5. Frozen

3.1 Intimate

When we communicate with our closest friend or sibling, we do not even realize
contemplating what to say or how to say out - we just tend to say it “out there”.
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Speaking with this style does not care about grammar and pronunciation, they may give
meaning to certain words that only you and your closest people know about. Between, there is
also a free and easy participation of both speaker and listeners that comprises mostly of
nonverbal understanding.

Intimate speech style refers to the style that is private, which occurs between or among close
family members or individuals. The language used in this style may not be shared in public.

Examples

1. Married couples having misunderstanding

2. Best friends holding secrets among each other
3. Family members expressing feeling of loneliness or personal sentiments

3.2 Casual
We often would hear colloquial or slang terms among groups or even towards strangers
within the same circle while browsing our social media accounts (Twitter, Facebook, IG, etc.).
This kind of speaking style is more informal compared to the other speech styles. It is
often characterized by omission of words, slang, contractions and colloquial/idiom expressions,
street language, gay language, or vulgar words are used.

Casual speech style is common among peers and friends where jargon, slang, or the
vernacular language are used. This type of speech style is also mostly used among classmates,
co- workers, peers, and neighbors.

Examples (Trendy phrases)

1. “Meet in school?”
2. “Bought it yesterday. Makes no difference.”
3. “Later!” “8? K. ”

3.3 Consultative
There are certain communication situations that we needed to apply standard rules of
pronunciation, grammar, and sentence structures as considered a mutually accepted language

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between parties. A person using consultative style pronounces words well, chooses words
carefully, and speaks in complete sentences.

Consultative speech style is considered as the standard one. Professional or mutually

acceptable language is vital in this style.

Examples:
Usually happens between:

1. Parent and teacher (PT conference)

2. Supervisors and employees
3. Doctor and patient consultation
4. Judge and lawyer

3.4 Formal
From the word itself, this one is considered to be the most formal speech style that
caters to specific settings that would require both speaker and audience to behave in such
manner no matter how they are related with each other.

Formal speech style is the style used in formal settings. Unlike the consultative style, this is
one-way, and requires the speaker to plan the speech or utterance in advance.

Both non-verbal (space, gesture, body movement, clothing, tone, time) and verbal cues should
be prepared beforehand.

Examples:
Usually happens during:

1. Pronouncement by judges
2. Rhetorical statements
3. Speeches
4. Announcements
5. Priest Sermons

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3.5 Frozen
Ever been to a solemn meeting and ceremonies, or engaged yourself in meditation such
as prayers? This can be related to frozen speech style where participants or communicators
dictate, pronounce, or recite a fixed speech.

Frozen speech style is the style considered when actual speech and context is kept “frozen” in
time and remains unchanged.

Also referred to as “fixed speech”. It mostly occurs in ceremonies or traditional set-up which
reflects culture, religion or any respectful situation related.

Examples:

1. Allegiance to the Flag

2. Lord’s prayer
3. Sonnet 18 by Shakespeare

EVALUATION
Writing Assessment: Short Quiz INSTRUCTIONS: Watch the following clips and identify the
corresponding function of speech, speech context, and speech style. Write your answer in the
box provided along with a 1-sentence description for each of your chosen answers. More than 1
answer is acceptable, as long as you can justify an answer for each.
Video #/ Link Function of speech Speech Context Speech style

1. https://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=Z7DDAaywsTk

2. https://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=sCG88QHentc

3. https://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=5Ikl_1f-aYQ

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4. https://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=AJgzugc5px0

5. https://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=F_TYe2wdaGg

Total: 45 points (3 points for each answer)

3- The student got the correct answer. The explanation was complete, and it strongly supported
the answer.
2- The student got the correct answer, but the explanation can still be developed.
1- The student did not get the correct answer.
*I will upload a separate file for this written work so you can edit and submit it.
Performance Task: Open Group Discussion
INSTRUCTION: Students will be divided into groups of 3-4 with corresponding topic and
proposition side (affirmative or negative). Each group will be given ample time for a breakout
session to research and plan out arguments. The teacher will facilitate a flow for an open group
discussion between two opposing teams. Each student will be given time to discuss, present,
and rebut argument/s. Note: Students are graded individually Topics:
1. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day.
2. Philippines should lessen the age on juvenile delinquency/criminal liability (currently at 18).
3. Life imprisonment is a good alternative to capital punishment.
4. Cats are better than dogs.
5. Playing video games weighs more advantages than its disadvantages.

Rubrics:
CATEGORY 4 3 2 1 Score

Presentation Team consistently used
Style gestures, eye contact, tone
of voice and a level of
enthusiasm in a way that
kept the attention of the
audience.
Team usually used Team sometimes used One or more members
gestures, eye contact, gestures, eye contact, of the team had a
tone of voice and a level tone of voice and a level presentation style that
of enthusiasm in a way of enthusiasm in a way did not keep the
that kept the attention that kept the attention of attention of the
of the audience. the audience. audience.

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Organization All arguments were Most arguments were All arguments were clearly Arguments were not
clearly tied to an idea clearly tied to an idea tied to an idea (premise), clearly tied to an idea
(premise) and organized (premise) and organized but the organization was (premise).
in a tight, logical fashion. in a tight, logical sometimes not clear or
fashion. logical.

Understanding The team clearly The team clearly The team seemed to The team did not show
of Topic understood the topic understood the topic understand the main an adequate
indepth and presented indepth and presented points of the topic and understanding of
their information their information with presented those with the topic.
forcefully and ease. ease.
convincingly.
Rebuttal All counterarguments Most counterarguments Most counterarguments Counterarguments were
were accurate, relevant, were accurate, relevant, were accurate and not accurate and/or
and strong. and strong. relevant, but several were relevant
weak.

Use of Every major claim was well Every major claim was Every major claim was Every claim was
Facts/Statistics supported adequately supported with facts, not supported.
with several supported with statistics and/or examples,
relevant facts, relevant facts, but the relevance of some
statistics and/or statistics and/or was questionable.
examples. examples.
References

Peña, A.R., & Anudin, A. G. (2016). Oral communication. Quezon City: Vibal Group Inc.

Sipacio, P. J., & Balgos, A.N. (2016). Oral communication in context for senior high school. Quezon
City: C & E Publishing, Inc.

Verdeber, K., Sellnow, D., & Verderber, R. (2017). Communicate! Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Wood, J. (2017). Communication mosaics: An introduction to the field of communication.

Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

Wood, J. (2018). Communication in our lives. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

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