Observation & calculation

Part 1

Xf = 0.5

Measured specific gravity = 1.1

Pure specific gravity = 0.79

1.1−o .79
Top product = * 100 = 39.24%
o.79
Ethanol in top = 100 – 39.24 = 60.75 %

XD = 0.61

XW = 0.39

Overall Balance on ethanol

100 = D + W

Multiplying with XF on both sides

100 * XF = D* XD + W* XW

100 * 0.5 = 0.61 D + 0.39 W ……………..(1)

As

100 = D + W

D = W – 100 ……………..(2)

Putting value of D in (1)

0.5 * 100 = 0.61( 100 – W) + 0.39 W

50 = 0.61 ( 100 – W) + 0.39 W

50 = 61 – 0.22 W

Now by (2)

D = 100 – 50

D = 50

Now as we know that

ln
Reflux ratio = R =
D
R = 3 (given)
 ln
3=
50
Ln = 150

Now

Vn = Ln + D

Vn = 150 + 50

Vn = 200

Part 2

Plates calculation;Graph b/w X&Y

1.2

1 1
0.89
vapour composition(Y)

0.8 0.82
0.8
0.75
0.7 0.7
0.66
0.6 0.62 0.6
0.58
0.53 0.5
0.4 0.43 0.4
0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1
0 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

Liquid Composition(X)

y x y

Lewis Sorel Method:

For top fraction

Top operating line

ln D
Yn = * Xn+1 + * Xd
Vn Vn
 150 50
Yn = * Xn+1 + * 0.61
200 200
Yn = 0.75 Xn+1 + 0.1525

Bottom operating line

Lm = Ln + F

Lm = 150 + 100

Lm = 250

Vm = L m – W

Vm = 250 – 50

Vm = 200

Now

Lm D
Ym = * Xm+1 - * Xw
Vm Vm
250 50
Ym = * Xm+1 – * 0.39
200 200
Ym = 1.25 Xm+1 – 0.0975

For calculation 0f composition and number of plates by lewis Sorel method

XD = yn = 0.61

See equilibrium curve for

Xm at Yn = 0.61

Xn = 0.388

Now

Yn = 0.75 Xn+1 + 0.1525

Yn-1 = 0.291 (0.388) + 0.1525

Yn-1 = 0.4435

Now at Yn-1 = 0.4435

X n-1 = 0.19

Part 3
 Nt
Efficiency=μ=
N0
Nt= Number of theoretical plates

No= Number of actual plates

NO=1-Nt

No=1-1=0

1
μ=
0