Professional Documents
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1. Describe each of the six (6) steps of the accounting process required to record all of the
transactions that take place, and to organise and collate this information before finally
producing financial reports that are analysed and used in decision making.
Provide a description of each of the 6 steps:
• Transactions
• Journals
• General ledger
• Trial balance
• Balance day adjustments
• Accounting reports
Transactions: Generally speaking it is a exchange. As an example the transaction refers a exchange
between services and money.
Journals: The journal records every transaction. In this element its important refer that every
income and outside must be recorded.
General ledger: A general ledger is a set of numbered accounts a business uses to keep track or
supervise of its financial transactions and to prepare financial reports. Each account is a unique
record summarizing each type of asset, liability, equity, revenue and expense.
Source:https://searcherp.techtarget.com/definition/general-ledger-
Trial balance : A trial balance is a bookkeeping worksheet in which the balance of all ledgers are
compiled into debit and credit account column totals that are equal. A company prepares a trial
balance periodically, usually at the end of every reporting period. Its important to refers that the
end of the financial year in Australia is on 31 of June.
Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/trial
Balance day adjustments: It is basically a photo of what the business looks like as a day. In detail,
is an adjustment you need to make at the end of the reporting period. These adjustments are
made to certain accounts so that you can correctly show the health of the business.
Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/making
2. In 50 words or more, explain how a revenue-received transaction with a credit balance has a
corresponding debit against an asset or liability account.
It refers to the double entry accounting operation. As an example, when a employer pay to a
employee a salary it has a debit in his account whereas the worker has a entry or positive
income. For that reason its crucial understand the balance as a doble entry in order to include
3. In 50 words or more, describe the difference between cash basis and accrual basis
accounting when recording transactions, producing financial reports.
Accrual accounting refers that accounting transactions should be all recorded during
accounting periods when they occur. Instead of, cash basis is associated with the periods when
there are cash flows associated with them. The former concept is essential for the accuracy of
accounting and also is important for the construction of financial reports that show what actually
happened in an accounting period.
Source: Student Book.
4. Explain in 50 words or more the difference between the profit calculated in the trading
account compared with the profit calculated in the profit and loss account.
Both profits separately identify the gross profit and the net profit, the profit of the trading
account determines the gross profit and the other one is used to determine the net profit of
the business.
Trading account is better used for business involved in buying and selling finished products.
The gross profit is determined by deducting the cost of goods sold from the net sales.
On the other hand, profit and loss account shows the net profit determined by deducting the
expenses of the business from the trading account profit, meaning the starting point for the
profit and loss account is the balance from the trading account.
5. List at least four (4) of the financial regulatory requirements including the relevant
legislation that businesses must comply with.
1. Business Activity Statement (BAS)
2. Fringe Benefits Tax (FBT)
3. Goods and Services Tax
4. PAYG withholding
Income Tax Assestment Act 1997
Corporation Law – Australian Accounting Standars.
6. Describe at least four (4) functions of the Australian Taxation Office in terms of the
financial management requirements of a business and in 50 words or more explain the
Good and Services Tax.
1. Collecting revenue
2. Administering the goods and services tax (GST) on behalf of the Australian states and
territories
3. Administering a range of programs that provide transfers and benefits to the community
4. Administering the major aspects of Australia’s superannuation system
5. Being custodian of the Australian Business Register.
Goods and Services Tax : It is a sub-category of a broad-based tax of 10% on most goods, services
and other items sold or consumed in Australia. It is usually called by the abbreviature (GST) and is
a requirement of the Australian Tax Office.
The main purpose of an audit is obtain accuracy honestly, traceability, authenticity and
meeting standards. An audit is the way to obtain an examination of financial statements. The
main idea is gain data of the business and the context or environment where the business
operates and with this information, identify the areas where might be financial risks, meaning,
risks that could impact the financial statements. The audit has several steps as planning, internal
control, analysis and reporting.
8. In 50 words or more, explain why it is important when monitoring budgets to make balance-
day adjustments at the close of an accounting period, before preparing financial statements.
The budget needs to be monitored frequently to understand if it is is necessary make changes to a
budget in order to increase the company's financial standing. Also, it is important to analyse how
the business Budget is currently functioning, after that, it is important to identify the troubled
area, these can be found in both the spending and earning categories.
9. Give at least three (3) reasons why work teams need access to budgets and financial plans
and in 50 words or less, outline the ways financial information can be shared effectively with
relevant stakeholders.
Reasons:
10. Identify at least five (5) signs that team members are under-performing and may need
support in their role to manage finances for the organisation.
1.Workers do not know what to do. This situation is usually because there are skills
shortage and they must be trained.
2.Low motivation
3.Poor attitude.
4.Companies dropped reputation.
5. Poor performance
6. Laziness
11. In 50 words or more, describe the process of monitoring actual expenditure, variance and
costs controls to avoid budget over runs.
The budget usually is on a monthly basis. When you create a budget you create a baseline
data for next months. By the end of June (31) you will point out details for month 1 to 12 by
dollar and percentage sub-categories. The idea is to identify internal reasons as is the case of
many staff and control external reasons as is the case of COVID 19.
A good idea to control over runs is investigate and correct actions and identify efficiencies and
inefficiencies, this must guarantee enough money.
12. In 50 words or less for each, provide a description for the following types of resource data
commonly used by the work team for managing budgets and financial plans.
Goods and services tax (GST) is a broad-based tax of 10% on most goods,
services and other items sold or consumed in Australia. On any GST
GST calculations and
transaction paid for business purposes, this is recorded as an input
any credits
credit. When GST is received for services or products it is recorded in the
ledger account as an output credit. GST is worked out that way to avoid
double counting and the way to calculate it is dividing and amount by 11.
13. Using 50 words or less, outline the process of analysing and documenting resource data, and
making recommendations for improvement.
This process must be factual and valid up to date. Also, it should be measure and control.
Balance cash and cards and register and EFTPOS machine. You should create a
recommendation action or corrective action. As an example, the technology could help the
businesses and create an improvement in the system. It is mandatory create a proof to
change. The idea is creating a cause and effect, identifying what is wrong and why is my new
idea better.
14. Outline at least four (4) advantages of using software programs or electronic spreadsheets
when monitoring and analysing budgets.
-Technology and software are better thank the manual bookkeeping, avoiding grammar
mistakes.
- You can share de documents on a cloud. It means that you can send to a person far away
from the company.
15. In 50 words or more, explain how planning, implementation and modifying contingency
plans is used to control financial risks for a business.
Planning helps to avoid underestimate their income and overestimate their costs. The person
should write an action plan in order to follow an operational plan. After that, implementation
witch essentially involves a program to know what is happening in order to develop the
business idea and be proactive avoiding reaction planning’s. Finally, modifying process is vital
to implement contingency that essentially are different plans in order to obtain a financial
source. Financial Risk: Business Success or failure.
As is the case of CIRQUE DU SOLEIL, this company did not control its budget problems and at
this moment is in bankruptcy process in France.
16. In 50 words or less, outline the advantages of regular reporting of budgets and financial
plans.
Is positive because with this analysis managers can compare different kind of income in every
store. Also, the managers can know where the proper targets are to put cost or price of sales.
As an example, in wealthy areas the supermarkets modify prices in order to obtain higher
profits. In other cases, is useful to know the number of positions in order to manager the
labour budget. They idea is develop flexibility and adopt and adapt to new circumstances.
17. In 50 words or less describe the budgeting process of analysing and managing cash flow.
Template Instructions: Format your portfolio of financial information before submission. Remove all
red instructions and update the table of contents. You may save as PDF before submission.
File name: Add your student number and first name to the beginning of the file name and add SUB1
at the end. For subsequent attempts change to SUB2 etc.
250,000,000
200,000,000
150,000,000
100,000,000
50,000,000
0
2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
As a senior manager, the main purpose is guide to BizOps as a Financial Stability scenario.
According to that the idea is to increase the company income at the end of every June 31 by
15%. The same trend, has been occurred with the profit level, maintaining 15% of revenue for
all the stock. In the case of income and profits, every indicator should be obtained at the end of
Financial year (June 31).
Looking to reinvest, the idea is using the 75% percentage of profit again in the core company. As
an example, the goals will be pointed on has a good marketing plan based on be the top one
organization into the industry and investigate customers habits. This relevant characteristic will
differentiate from our competitors essentially creating a value-added element.
Finally, the most important goal is our human capital, providing to our employees training and
education in order to transmit knowledge around our green services. For that reason, the
company has been investing part of our reinvest faceable in sources, trainings and material on
our employees.
The budget on this plan is based on an estimation of the production and sales volume, its
effectiveness is related to the accuracy of the estimation mentioned above.
As a senior manager, it has been decided to apply a 15% increase on sales volume in the next
financial year with a fixed budget. This decision will guide the retail outlet managers to adapt
activities of any nature on an appropriate scale for the whole company.
According to that, the main purpose is challenging our management capacity in order to obtain
a new goal every year. The income obtained on this strategy will represent the 75% required to
pay the marketing strategy that will help the managers to get better results in every store and
facilitate their capability. Is important to remind that marketing strategy will investigate and
research our customers in order to understand their preferences. In consequence, we will
obtain an added-value witch also will contribute product & brand positioning against
competitors. Also, this is a good motivation towards achieve education for our staff because
other part of this 75% will invest on workshops and education time to our employees. According
to that, is vital to monitor the 15% indicator in order to obtain this kind of benefits and positive
elements that will facilitate our job daily. In addition, it is important to use Communication
systems in order to decrease travel and time commitments of outlet managers.
Therefore, a sales budget founded on customer demand is even more accurate due to its nature
of being based on sales, in this case, if our sales have an increase behaviour our expenses will be
the same but if there is a sales decrease it is easier to control our spending.
For BizOps, it is important to have the staff understanding the relevance of achieving
organisational budget goals. It is essential then that specially the sales staff know the range of
exclusive products that the company offers in Australia, its quality and innovation, always
highlighting that what we offer is a “green” solution for our customers.
Despite the fact that all of BizOps staff have been through and internal product and service
knowledge training, their main job is to ensure that customers know the benefits and existence
of what we offer leading our products and brand to a good positioning on the market.
According to that BizOps will provide a full range of exclusive products in very store to give the
opportunity for sales staff to learn and fully demonstrate their advantages to costumers. This
new strategy will provide time-efficient and cost-effective development processes and will help
facilitate the time that every salesperson spends on every costumer. Also, it is important that
the range of time that spend every salesperson should be less than the old method. In the same
way, is vital empasise that BiZops wants to maintain the full employees for sales, so its crucial at
this moment a calm message for positions and enjoy the work.
Also, BizOps will subcontract a third party in order to training sales-staff in new methods of sales
as is the case of coaching, speaking skills in Portuguese and Spanish classes in order to increase
the sales trough Latin community in Australia. BiZOPs will provide new tablets and Ipads in oder
to facilitate this education process as well that proper and flexible time towards to learn into the
company roaster. The main idea of this training process its not affect the personal life and family
life to employees.
As Hools sells are falling behind and the company is planning to start promotional activities,
some of the ones that could be considered are:
Discounts on social media: offer one month off discounts of up to 30% on Hools on any
amount of sales.
Free samples: send free samples to new customers.
Supporting a charity: donate 1c for each $10 to a charity.
Free delivery on orders above $150: people get motivated to buy more when they can
save some money on delivery.
Customer referral incentive program: $30 off for a friend and for yourself when they buy
first time.
Hanging Out flyers around the city.
Paying a better rating in searchers or browsers at web in order to attract potentially
costumers.
Sub contract a third party in order to advertise by calls and refers.
- Managing the budgeting process
Budgeting process is a related to create a plan to spend money, it involves assigning the
income and the expenses to make sure the money is being distributed in accordance to a
plan. It is recommendable to make a whole plan for the budget as it will facilitate
monitoring and control of finances.
An easy way to track the budget is summarizing the expenses by projecting a budget, this
will help to control and evaluate how money is getting expended.
- Managing cash flow
Cash flow is a method of creating a management plan in order to control the liquidity of
incomes and outcomes.
The way to determine cash flow is pretty similar to the budgeting, we need to allocate our
incomes and expenses to check how the money is being distributed, with that done, first
thing is to check our expenses following up and comparing this value with our projections.
This allows us to monitor and control our finances.
A way to track our cash flow expenditure is by following the income and projecting the
deficit by supervising cash in and cash out.
- Interpreting profit and loss statements
Companies are required to manage their profit and loss statements; the reason is due to its
nature of helping them to keep good incomes and manage their expenses.
A way to calculate the account profit to determine profit and loss by:
1. Adding up all your income for the month.
2. Adding up all your expenses for the month.
3. Calculating the difference by subtracting total expenses away from total income.
Tracking this stamen could be done by creating an income statement is the crucial first step
for managing profit and loss. Doing so lays out your gains and losses clearly and should give
you some clear starting points for where to trim costs.
Expenses: is the cost acquired or required in order to develop something; COGS and
operating expenses.
Assets: is related to when a person or a company own something. A good example could
be the land where BizOps has its factory or the brand that is well known into the market.
Equity: process of raising capitals through the sale of shares. As an illustration, the
basic accounting equation Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity can be restated to
be Assets = Equities.
Source : www.couchaccounting.com
Concept of a double entry financial system where every credit has a matching debit:
This principle refers to the double entry accounting operation. As an example,
when a company pay to an employee a salary it has a debit in his account
whereas the worker has an entry. For that reason it is crucial understand the
balance as a doble entry in order to include that always affects in a double way.
Accrual accounting: is related to a method that keep records on revenues and expenses
when they are incurred.
Staff email:
Topics
Australian Taxation Office requirements for assessing revenue
GST collection, payment and reconciliation
Audit and record-keeping requirements for financial records
Pay as you go (PAYG) tax
Dear Staff:
In order to understand the legislation and our authorities requirements, please fin
attached bullets and a handy brochure of different procedures:
Receipts and other evidence of all sales and purchases you made for your
business.
Tax invoices, wage and salary records.
All documents about GST.
Records of the purchase, sale and other costs of any business assets, such as land,
buildings or office equipment.
All records relating to tax returns, activity statements, fringe benefits tax (FBT)
returns, and contributions to employee super.
The records should be keeped during five (5) years - as a general rule -from the
date you lodge your tax return.
Our employees
Other workers, such as contractors, that you have voluntary agreements with
businesses that don't quote their Australian business number (ABN).
Senior
Finalise Board Papers with
Managers / V. High 15th of June 25th May 14th June
budget.
CFO/ CEO
Board Approval Board/CEO Essential 30th June 15th June 30th June.
In addition , in terms of processes it will be created new deadlines to the finance department,
that will take place every end of the month. It is important to highlights that it will be a change
of policy to dollars instead of percentage.
As senior managers, we understand that branch managers review on a daily basis a huge
number of items, that is why we have propose some mock up tables that can be seen bellow
and they are alienated depending on its level of impact, it is important to us to consider minor
expenses but as they do not cause any relevant risk or issue we recommend to the branch
manager board to focus on the ones classified as major expenses revenues as their variation is
higher.
Mock-up examples:
Reccomendattions on point.
1.En el punto 9 se hace un plan y se cogen de ahi para hacer recomendaciones. Temenos que empezar la
reunion con las recomendaciones y lueg hablamos del los puntos anteriores ( 9 y 10)
The two-week delay puts enormous pressure Follow up tasks that involved responsibilities
on the finance department as the production of with the GST, payroll and assets, this to avoid
the master budget overlaps with other overlapping from other activities.
scheduled finance department tasks such as
It should be noted that every activity that
GST activity reporting, payroll preparation and
asset register updates. involves the preparation of the schedule for the
finance department should not be left behind
as they can affect the regular flow of results.
Another way to avoid delays and one task
affecting the other, is making a brainstorm or a
meeting where departments can expose the
The finance staff feel that the budget cycle Companies should always be looking towards
should commence two weeks earlier, but if this making efficient decisions and this can only be
were implemented it would clash with the done if every change is effectively
stocktake period in the retail outlets. communicating with other departments before
even starting. It is important then to update
information on the cloud and have a
productivity plan to prevent this kind of
conflicts. In addition, could be the possibility to
allow additional periods of time but not
exceeding 1 week.
Management should be able to keep track of
The budget consolidation is performed
changes and how they affect the regular
manually by entering information from hard
functioning of the company, having a good
copy forms into a database. It would require a
source of information where everything is
major financial systems upgrade to provide
detailed could help to make decisions in
department managers with the ability to enter
advance and avoid unnecessary expenses. Also,
this information directly. You do some research
management can facilitate a template in order
and find that if the department managers
to achieve easier deadlines. Nevertheless, the
entered their forecast budget data into a
main recommendation is give them training in
standard spreadsheet template, it would then
order to have efficient process.
be relatively simple to export data from this
Finally, it is essential go cashless and allow
format into the financial system for budget
more payments terminals to create efficient
consolidation. This approach would require
processes. The time means economical
resources for setting up the spreadsheet
resources in this improvement.
templates and training department managers in
using the spreadsheet templates.
Se debe hacer con la mismas recomedaciones.pero ya en una version mas parafraseada. Se debe
tuilizar frases como “ se van ahorrar tiempo”
In BizOps, the budgeting plan help the company and all departments to manage their
actions, know their stock levels, have a contingency plan, GST and plan commitments, etc.
Financial: reports to show the expenditure and its variations, compare with the budget,
show increases and decreases.
I there are changes show recommendations and their impact.
If approved the new budget will start to get on track.
1. Presenting information on budgets and financial issues in line with BizOps policies and
procedures
a. matching a communication style to suit the meeting environment and budget
committee members
2. Clarifying budget information with Managing Director of financial operations and budget
committee members
5. Negotiating changes to budget and financial plans with Mike Booth, Managing Director of
financial operations and budget committee members
c. working with other committee members and the director to reach an agreeable
solution
Assessor – Student’s record of outcome
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Assessor’s Name:
Date of assessment:
Not satisfactory ☐