fib Model Code 2010

Punching of flat slabs:

Design example

Stefan Lips, Aurelio Muttoni, Miguel Fernández Ruiz

Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland,
16.12.2011

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 1 Basic data
1.1 Geometry (dimensions in [m])
Plan view Section trough slab
and column

Spans: Lx = 6.00 m and Ly = 5.60 m Slab thickness h: 25 cm

Cover concrete c: 3 cm

1.2 Material
The material properties can be found in chapter 5 of model code 2010. Concrete C30 Steel B500S (flexural and transverse reinforcement)
fck 30 MPa fyd 435 MPa
γc 1.5 Es 200 GPa
dg 32 mm Ductility class B

1.3 Loads
Self-weight of concrete slab: 6.25 kN/m2
Superimposed dead load: 2 kN/m2
Live load: 3 kN/m2
g d + qd = 1.35(6.25 + 2) + 1.5 ⋅ 3 = 15.6 kN/m 2

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 2 Level I of approximation (preliminary design)
Reaction forces
The goal of the preliminary design is to check if the dimensions of the
structure are reasonable with respect to the punching shear strength and if Inner (C5): Vd ≈ 692 kN
punching shear reinforcement is needed.
Corner (C1, C3): Vd ≈ 93 kN
Edge (C2): Vd ≈ 265 kN
The reaction forces in the columns are estimated by using contributive areas.
(C4 and C6 are not governing
Vd ≈ 244 kN)

Control perimeter
The effective depth dv is assumed to be 200 mm. Inner: b0 = ke ⋅ ( 4 ⋅ bc + d v ⋅ π ) = 0.90 ⋅ ( 4 ⋅ 260 + 200 ⋅ π ) = 1501mm
Eccentricity coefficient (ke) are adopted from the commentary of §7.3.5.2
⎛ d ⋅π ⎞ ⎛ 200 ⋅ π ⎞
Corner: b0 = ke ⋅ ⎜ 2 ⋅ bc + v ⎟ = 0.65 ⋅ ⎜ 2 ⋅ 260 + 4 ⎟ = 440 mm
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

⎛ d ⋅π ⎞ ⎛ 200 ⋅ π ⎞
Edge: b0 = ke ⋅ ⎜ 3 ⋅ bc + v ⎟ = 0.70 ⋅ ⎜ 3 ⋅ 260 + 2 ⎟ = 766 mm
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

Inner column Corner Column Edge Column

(C5) (C1, C3) (C2, C4, C6)
ke=0.9 ke=0.65 ke=0.7

Rotations
According to the commentary, the distance to the point where the radial rs ,x = 0.22 Lx = 0.22 ⋅ 6.0 = 1.32 m rs , y = 0.22 Ly = 0.22 ⋅ 5.6 = 1.23m
moment is zero rs can be estimated based on the spans.
rs ,x f yd 1.32 435
By using the Level I approach, one can estimate the rotations. ψ x = 1.5 ⋅ = 1.5 ⋅ = 0.0215 Ö governing
d Es 0.200 200000

rs , y f yd 1.23 435
The maximum aggregate size of 32 mm leads to a factor kdg of ψ y = 1.5 ⋅ = 1.5 ⋅ = 0.0200
d Es 0.200 200000
32 32
k dg = = = 0.67 < 0.75 → k dg = 0.75 1 1
16 + d g 16 + 32 kψ = = = 0.227 ≤ 0.6
1.5 + 0.9 ⋅ψ ⋅ d ⋅ k dg 1.5 + 0.9 ⋅ 0.0215 ⋅ 200 ⋅ 0.75

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 Shear strength without shear reinforcement
f ck 30
Inner: V Rd ,c = kψ b0 d v = 0.227 1501 ⋅ 200 ⋅ 10 −3 = 249 kN ≤ Vd = 692 kN
γc 1.5

f ck 30
Corner: VRd ,c = kψ b0 d v = 0.227 440 ⋅ 200 ⋅ 10 −3 = 73 kN ≤ Vd = 93 kN
γc 1.5

f ck 30
Edge: V Rd ,c = kψ b0 d v = 0.227 766 ⋅ 200 ⋅ 10 −3 = 127 kN ≤ Vd = 265 kN
γc 1.5

The thickness of the slab has to be increased or the slab has to be shear
reinforced.

Shear reinforcement
To check if shear reinforcement and which system can be used, one can Vd 692
Inner: k sys ≥ = = 2.78
calculate the minimal needed value of factor ksys. VRd ,c 249
f ck Vd Vd Vd 93
VRd ,max = ksys kψ b0 d v ≥ Vd → ksys ≥ = Corner: k sys ≥ = = 1.27
γc f ck VRd ,c VRd ,c 73
kψ b0 d v
γc
Vd 265
Edge: k sys ≥ = = 2.09
ksys depends on the performance of the used shear reinforcement system. The VRd ,c 127
model code proposes a value of ksys = 2.0 for system compliant with model
code detailing rules (§7.13.5.3). Higher values (up to ksys = 2.8) can be used if
more restrictive detailing rules are adopted and if the placing of the transverse
reinforcement is checked at the construction site.
Conclusions
Inner column: Shear reinforcement is necessary and sufficient (accounting for
the values of ksys) to ensure punching shear strength
Corner columns: Shear reinforcement might probably not be necessary. This has
to be confirmed by a higher level of approximation.
Edge columns: Shear reinforcement might probably be necessary.

The thickness of the slab is sufficient if shear reinforcement is used.

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 3 Level II of approximation (typical design)
3.4 Structural analysis and flexural design
The moments and the reaction forces have been calculated with a finite Summary of the column reactions
element software. For the analysis, a linear-elastic model has been used. Column Rd [kN] Md,x, [kNm] Md,y [kNm] Md [kNm]
The moment Md is the vector addition of the moments in x- and y-direction. C1 111 25 22 33
Md = M 2
d ,x
+M 2
d ,y
C2 266 42 0 42
C3 112 25 22 33
C4 252 3 36 36
C5 664 8 1 8
C6 246 5 34 34
For a level II approximation, one has to know the flexural reinforcement. It Reinforcement sketch
was designed on the basis of the previous finite element analysis.

The flexural strength can be calculated according to the Model Code. In this Flexural strength
example, however, the flexural strength has been calculated assuming a rigid- ø10 @200 mm mRd = 35 kNm/m d = 210 mm
plastic behavior of concrete and steel:
ø10 @100 mm mRd = 69 kNm/m d = 210 mm
⎛ ρ ⋅ f yd ⎞
mRd = ρ ⋅ d 2 ⋅ f yd ⎜ 1 − ⎟ ø10 @200 mm / ø16 @200 mm mRd = 115 kNm/m d = 204 mm
⎝ 2 f cd ⎠

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 3.5 Shear design inner column C5

Design shear force

The design shear force Vd is equal to the column dv 2 0.2042
Ac = bc2 + 2 ⋅ bc ⋅ d v + π = 0.262 + 2 ⋅ 0.26 ⋅ 0.204 + π = 0.21 m 2
reaction force Nd minus the applied load within the 4 4
control perimeter (gd + qd)·Ac. Vd = N d − ( g d + qd ) ⋅ Ac = 664 − 15.6 ⋅ 0.21 = 661 kN

Control perimeter
In case of inner columns, the centroid of the column corresponds to the Md 8 ⋅106 4 4
centroid of the control perimeter. Therefore, eu = − Δe = − 0 = 12 mm bu = Ac = 206 ⋅103 = 513mm
Vd 661 ⋅103 π π
Δe = 0
1 1
ke = = = 0.98
1 + eu bu 1 + 12 513

b0 = ke ⋅ b1 = ke ⋅ ( 4 ⋅ bc + d v ⋅ π ) = 0.98 ⋅ ( 4 ⋅ 260 + 204 ⋅ π ) = 1642 mm

Rotations
The distances rs,x and rs,y are the same as for the Level I approximation. rs ,x = 1.32 m rs , y = 1.23m
bs = 1.5 ⋅ rs , x ⋅ rs , y = 1.5 ⋅ 1.32 ⋅1.23 = 1.91m

Vd M d , x − Vd ⋅ Δex 661 8
msd ,x = + = + = 85 kNm/m
8 2 ⋅ bs 8 2 ⋅1.91
Vd M d , y − Vd ⋅ Δey 661 1
msd , y = + = + = 83kNm/m
8 2 ⋅ bs 8 2 ⋅1.91
1.5
r f ⎛ m ⎞ 1.5
1.32 435 ⎛ 85 ⎞
ψ x = 1.5 ⋅ s ,x yd ⋅ ⎜⎜ sd ⎟⎟ = 1.5 ⋅ ⋅⎜ = 0.0133 Ö governing
d Es ⎝ mRd , x ⎠ 0.204 200000 ⎝ 115 ⎟⎠
1.5
r f ⎛ m ⎞ 1.5
1.23 435 ⎛ 83 ⎞
ψ y = 1.5 ⋅ s , y yd ⋅ ⎜ sd ⎟⎟ = 1.5 ⋅ ⋅ = 0.0121
d Es ⎜⎝ mRd , y ⎠ 0.204 200000 ⎜⎝ 115 ⎟⎠

1 1
kdg is calculated at Level I. kψ = = = 0.300 ≤ 0.6
1.5 + 0.9 ⋅ψ ⋅ d ⋅ k dg 1.5 + 0.9 ⋅ 0.0133 ⋅ 204 ⋅ 0.75

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 Punching strength without shear reinforcement
The punching shear strength of the concrete is not sufficient. Consequently, f ck 30
shear reinforcement is necessary. V Rd ,c = kψ b0 d v = 0.300 1642 ⋅ 204 ⋅ 10 −3 = 367 kN ≤ Vd = 661 kN
γc 1.5

Punching strength with shear reinforcement

Firstly, one has to check if the design shear force Vd is smaller than the f ck
maximum punching strength VRd,max. This is done assuming ksys=2. VRd,max = k sysVRd ,c = 2 ⋅ 367 = 734 kN ≤ b0 d v = 1223 kN
γc
The design shear force Vd is below the maximum punching strength VRd,max.
VRd,max = 734 kN ≥ Vd = 661kN
Therefore, the slab can be reinforced with shear reinforcement complying
with detailing rules defined in subclause §7.13.5.3. ⎛
E sψ f d ⎞ 200000 ⋅ 0.0133 ⎛ 3 204 ⎞
σ swd = ⋅ ⎜1 + bd ⋅ ⎟ = ⋅ ⎜1 + ⋅ ⎟
6 ⎜ ⎟
f ywd φ w ⎠ 6 ⎝ 435 8 ⎠
⎝
The bond strength is taken as fbd = 3 MPa (according to MC 2010 for σ swd = 521 MPa > f ywd = 435 MPa
corrugated bars).
Asw =
Vd − VRd ,c
=
(661 − 367 ) = 690 mm 2
k eσ swd sin α 0.98 ⋅ 435 ⋅ sin (90°)
0.5 ⋅ Vd 0.5 ⋅ 661
Asw,min = = = 779 mm 2 Ö governing
k eσ swd sin α 0.98 ⋅ 435 ⋅ sin (90°)

To avoid a failure outside the shear reinforced area, the outer perimeter need Vd 661 ⋅ 10 3
b0 = = = 3468 mm
to have a minimal length. The design shear force can be reduced to account f ck 30
for the loads applied inside the outer perimeter. This effect is neglected as a kψ d v ,out 0.300 174
γc 1.5
safe estimate.
b0 3468 1 1
In this example, the calculating value of the effective depth dv is equal to the rout = = = 552 mm ke = = = 0.99
effective depth d minus the concrete cover c on the bottom surface of the 2π 2π 1 + eu 2rout 1 + 12 (2 ⋅ 552)
slab: d v ,out = d − c = 204 − 30 = 174 mm b0 3468
bout = = = 3505 mm
Assuming a circular control perimeter for the estimation of the eccentricity, ke 0.99
factor ke can be estimated as detailed in the right hand side column.
ρ sw = ∅8@100@100 = 0.50%
Possible shear reinforcement layout:
Asw = ρ w ⎡ 4 ⋅ bc ⋅ d v + d v2 ⋅ π − 4 ⋅ bc ⋅ 0.35d v − ( 0.35d v ) ⋅ π ⎤
2

⎣ ⎦
Asw = 0.005 ⎡ 4 ⋅ 260 ⋅ 204 + 2042 ⋅ π − 4 ⋅ 260 ⋅ 0.35 ⋅ 204 − ( 0.35 ⋅ 204 ) ⋅ π ⎤
2

⎣ ⎦
Asw = 1263mm > 774 mm
2 2

bout = 4 ⋅ 800 + 174 ⋅ π = 3746 mm > 3505 mm

Lips / Muttoni / Fernández Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland 7

 3.6 Shear design corner column C1 and C3

Design shear force

The design shear force Vd is equal to the column reaction dv dv 2 0.2102
Ac = bc2 + 2 ⋅ bc ⋅ + π = 0.262 + 0.26 ⋅ 0.210 + π = 0.13 m2
force Nd minus the applied load within the control perimeter 2 16 16
(gd + qd)·Ac.
Vd = N d − ( g d + qd ) ⋅ Ac = 112 − 15.6 ⋅ 0.13 = 110 kN

Control perimeter
3⎛ d ⎞ bc 1 ⎛ 3 ⎞ 1⎛ 3 ⎞ 1⎛ 3 ⎞
Δex = Δey = ⎜ bc + v ⎟ − 2 = 4 ⎜ bc + 2 d v ⎟ Δex = Δey = ⎜ bc + d v ⎟ = ⎜ 260 + 210 ⎟ = 144 mm
4⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ 4⎝ 2 ⎠ 4⎝ 2 ⎠

Δe = Δex ⋅ 2 = 144 ⋅ 2 = 203mm

Md 33 ⋅106 4 4
eu = − Δe = − 203 = 97 mm bu = Ac = 131 ⋅103 = 408mm
Vd 110 ⋅103 π π

1 1
ke = = = 0.81
1 + eu bu 1 + 97 408

⎛ d ⋅π ⎞ ⎛ π⎞
b0 = ke ⋅ b1 = ke ⋅ ⎜ 2 ⋅ bc + v ⎟ = 0.81 ⋅ ⎜ 2 ⋅ 260 + 210 ⋅ ⎟ = 554 mm
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4⎠

Rotations
The distances rs,x and rs,y are the same as for the Level I rs ,x = 1.32 m rs , y = 1.23m
approximation. bs = 1.5 ⋅ rs , x ⋅ rs , y = 1.5 ⋅ 1.32 ⋅1.23 = 1.91m
In case of corner columns, the width of the support strip
may be limited by the distance bsr. bsr = 2 ⋅ bc = 2 ⋅ 0.26 = 0.52 m Ö governing

Vd M d , x − Vd ⋅ Δex 110 25 − 110 ⋅ 0.144 V 110

msd ,x = + = + = 31kN < d = = 55 kN
8 bs 8 0.52 2 2

Vd M d , y − Vd ⋅ Δey 110 22 − 110 ⋅ 0.144 V 110

msd , y = + = + = 25 kN < d = = 55 kN
8 bs 8 0.52 2 2
1.5
r f ⎛m ⎞ 1.5
1.32 435 ⎛ 55 ⎞
ψ x = 1.5 ⋅ s ,x yd ⋅ ⎜⎜ sd ,x ⎟⎟ = 1.5 ⋅ ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ = 0.0146 Ö governing
d Es ⎝ mRd , x ⎠ 0.21 200000 ⎝ 69 ⎠

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 1.5
r f ⎛m ⎞ 1.5
1.23 435 ⎛ 55 ⎞
ψ y = 1.5 ⋅ s , y yd ⋅ ⎜ sd , y ⎟⎟ = 1.5 ⋅ ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ = 0.0136
d Es ⎜⎝ mRd , y ⎠ 0.21 200000 ⎝ 69 ⎠

1 1
kψ = = = 0.280 ≤ 0.6
kdg is calculated at Level I. 1.5 + 0.9 ⋅ψ ⋅ d ⋅ k dg 1.5 + 0.9 ⋅ 0.0146 ⋅ 210 ⋅ 0.75

Punching strength without shear reinforcement

The punching shear strength of the concrete is sufficient. Thus, no shear f ck 30
reinforcement will be necessary VRd ,c = kψ b0 d v = 0.280 554 ⋅ 210 ⋅ 10 −3 = 119 kN > Vd = 110 kN
γc 1.5

Integrity reinforcement
Since no shear reinforcement has been used and msd < mRd, integrity Vd ,acc 71 ⋅ 103
As = = = 442 mm 2  
reinforcement needs to be provided. f yd ⋅ ( f t f y )k ⋅ sin α ult 435 ⋅ 1.08 ⋅ sin (20°)
For the design of the integrity reinforcement, the accidental load case can be
used. Thus, the design load can be reduced. f ck 30
Vd ,acc ≤ bint d res = ⋅ 464 ⋅ 168 = 285 kN  
γc 1.5
(g d
+ qd )acc = 1.0(6.25 + 2) + 0.6 ⋅ 3 = 10.1kN/m 2
Ö 2x2 ø12 As = 452 mm2 (2 in each direction with a spacing of 100 mm)
(g + qd )acc 10.1
Vd ,acc = ⋅ Vd = ⋅110 = 71kN
d

g d + qd 15.6
d res = h − 2 ⋅ c − φtop − φbottom = 250 − 2 ⋅ 30 − 10 − 12 = 168 mm  
The material properties can be found in chapter 5 of model code 2010.
Ductility class B : (ft/fy)k = 1.08 π π
bint = 2 ⋅ sint + d res = 2 ⋅ 100 + ⋅ 168 = 464 mm  
2 2
It is assumed that only straight bars will be used, thus αult = 20°.
φint = 12 mm ≤ 0.12d res = 0.12 ⋅ 168 = 20 mm
With respect to integrity reinforcement, two restrictions should be fulfilled:
-the integrity reinforcement should at least be composed of four bars
-the diameter of the integrity bars øint has to be chosen such that
øint ≤ 0.12 dres

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 3.7 Shear design edge column C2

Design shear force

The design shear force Vd is equal to the column reaction dv dv 2 3 0.212
Ac = bc2 + 3 ⋅ bc ⋅ + π = 0.262 + 0.26 ⋅ 0.21 + π = 0.17 m 2
force Nd minus the applied load within the control perimeter 2 8 2 8
(gd + qd)·Ac.
Vd = N d − ( g d + qd ) ⋅ Ac = 266 − 15.6 ⋅ 0.17 = 263 kN

Control perimeter
1 2bc2 + 6bc d v + 3d v2 1 2 ⋅ 2602 + 6 ⋅ 260 ⋅ 210 + 3 ⋅ 2102
Δex = ⋅ = ⋅ = 124 mm
1 4 3bc + 2d v 4 3 ⋅ 260 + 2 ⋅ 210
+ d v ) ⋅ ⎛⎜ bc + v ⎞⎟ + 2 ⎛⎜ bc + v ⎞⎟ ⋅ ⎛⎜ bc + v ⎞
d d d
(b 2 2 2 ⎟ b
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ 2⎝ ⎠− c
c

Δex = Δey = 0 mm Δe = Δex = 124 mm

( bc + dv ) + 2 ⎛⎜ bc + dv 2 ⎞⎟ 2
⎝ ⎠ Md 42 ⋅106 4 4
eu = − Δe = − 124 = 35 mm bu = Ac = 167 ⋅103 = 461mm
1 2b + 6bc d v + 3d v
2 2
Vd 263 ⋅103 π π
Δex = ⋅ c
4 3bc + 2d v
1 1
ke = = = 0.93
1 + eu bu 1 + 35 461

⎛ d ⋅π ⎞ ⎛ π⎞
b0 = ke ⋅ b1 = ke ⋅ ⎜ 3 ⋅ bc + v ⎟ = 0.93 ⋅ ⎜ 3 ⋅ 260 + 210 ⋅ 2 ⎟ = 1031mm
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

Rotations
The distances rs,x and rs,y are the same as for the Level I approximation. rs ,x = 1.32 m rs , y = 1.23m
In case of edge columns, the width of the support strip may be limited by the bs = 1.5 ⋅ rs , x ⋅ rs , y = 1.5 ⋅ 1.32 ⋅1.23 = 1.91m
distance bsr.
bsr ,x = 3 ⋅ bc = 3 ⋅ 0.26 = 0.78 m Ö governing

bc bs 0.260 1.91
bsr , y = + = + = 1.09 m Ö governing
2 2 2 2
Vd M d ,x − Vd ⋅ Δex 263 42 − 263 ⋅ 0.124
msd ,x = + = + = 45 kN
8 bs 8 0.78

Vd M d , y − Vd ⋅ Δey 263 0 V 263

msd , y = + = + = 33kN < d = = 66 kN
8 2 ⋅ bs 8 2 ⋅1.09 4 4

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 1.5
r f ⎛m ⎞ 1.5
1.32 435 ⎛ 45 ⎞
ψ x = 1.5 ⋅ s ,x yd ⋅ ⎜⎜ sd ,x ⎟⎟ = 1.5 ⋅ ⋅ = 0.011
d Es ⎝ mRd , x ⎠ 0.21 200000 ⎜⎝ 69 ⎟⎠
1.5
r f ⎛m ⎞ 1.5
1.23 435 ⎛ 66 ⎞
ψ y = 1.5 ⋅ s , y yd ⋅ ⎜ sd , y ⎟⎟ = 1.5 ⋅ ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ = 0.018 Ö governing
d Es ⎜⎝ mRd , y ⎠ 0.21 200000 ⎝ 69 ⎠

1 1
kdg is calculated at Level I. kψ = = = 0.247 ≤ 0.6
1.5 + 0.9 ⋅ψ ⋅ d ⋅ k dg 1.5 + 0.9 ⋅ 0.018 ⋅ 210 ⋅ 0.75

Punching strength without shear reinforcement

The punching shear strength of the concrete is not sufficient. Since the f ck 30
strength seems to be rather close to the design load, a level III approximation VRd ,c = kψ b0 d v = 0.247 1031 ⋅ 210 ⋅ 10 −3 = 195 kN < Vd = 263 kN
γc 1.5
will be performed.

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 4 Level III of approximation (detailed design or assessment
of existing structure)
The Level III calculations are based on the results of the linear-elastic finite rs ,x = 0.64 m rs , y = 1.18 m
element analysis.
bs = 1.5 ⋅ rs , x ⋅ rs , y = 1.5 ⋅ 0.64 ⋅1.18 = 1.30 m

From the results of the flexural analysis, one my=0 bsr ,x = 3 ⋅ bc = 3 ⋅ 0.26 = 0.78 m
can obtain the distance between the center of mx=0

the column and the point, at which the bending rsy=1.18 m bc bs 0.26 1.30
bsr , y = + = + = 0.78 m
moments are zero. 2 2 2 2
msd , x = 24 kNm/m msd , y = 43kNm/m (average value on support strip)
rsx=0.64 m
The average moment in the support strip can
be obtained by the integration of the moments
2 2
at the strip section. rs ,x = 0.64m > bsr ,x = 0.52 m rs , y = 1.18 m > bsr , y = 0.52 m
3 3
Since the flexural moments md,x and md,y at the y msd,y [kNm/m]
-56.0-54.7-53.8 -48.9 1.5
support regions are negative, the absolute r f ⎛ m ⎞ 1.5
-32.9 -51.9 -42.0
0.64 435 ⎛ 24 ⎞
ψ x = 1.2 ⋅ s ,x yd ⋅ ⎜⎜ sd
-17.3 -36.8
⎟⎟ = 1.2 ⋅ ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ = 0.0016
bsr,x
2 -31.0 -30.4
value of the twisting moment md,x need to be -35.1
-20.7 0
d Es ⎝ mRd ,x 0.21 200000 ⎝ 69 ⎠
⎠
x
-11.8 msd,x [kNm/m] bs,y

subtracted so that the absolute value of msd,x -11.0

-17.4
-29.6
-34.1
and msd,y will be maximized.
-bsr,x
-25.7 1.5
rs , y f yd ⎛ msd ⎞
2 1.5
1.18 435 ⎛ 43 ⎞
msd ,x = md ,x − md , xy ψ y = 1.2 ⋅ ⋅⎜ ⎟⎟ = 1.2 ⋅ ⋅ ⎜ ⎟ = 0.0073 Ö governing
d Es ⎜⎝ mRd , y ⎠ 0.21 200000 ⎝ 69 ⎠
msd , y = md , y − md ,xy 1 1
kψ = = = 0.395 ≤ 0.6
1.5 + 0.9 ⋅ψ ⋅ d ⋅ k dg 1.5 + 0.9 ⋅ 0.0073 ⋅ 210 ⋅ 0.75

The punching shear strength of the concrete is sufficient. Thus, no shear f ck 30

reinforcement will be necessary VRd ,c = kψ b0 d v = 0.395 1031 ⋅ 210 ⋅ 10 −3 = 312kN > Vd = 263 kN
γc 1.5

Integrity reinforcement
Since no shear reinforcement has been used and msd < mRd, integrity Vd ,acc 171 ⋅ 103
As = = = 1064 mm 2  
reinforcement needs to be provided to prevent a progressive collapse of the f yd ⋅ ( f t f y )k ⋅ sin α ult 435 ⋅ 1.08 ⋅ sin (20°)
structure.
For the design of the integrity reinforcement, the accidental load case can be f ck 30
Vd ,accs ≤ bint d res = ⋅ 861 ⋅ 166 = 522 kN  
used. Thus the design load can be reduced. γc 1.5

(g d
+ qd )acc = 1.0(6.25 + 2) + 0.6 ⋅ 3 = 10.1kN/m 2 Ö 3x3 ø14 As = 1385 mm2 (3 in each direction with a spacing of 100 mm)
(g + qd )acc 10.1
Vd ,acc = ⋅ Vd = ⋅ 263 = 171kN
d

g d + qd 15.6 d res = h − 2 ⋅ c − φtop − φbottom = 250 − 2 ⋅ 30 − 10 − 14 = 166 mm  

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The material properties can be found in chapter 5 of model code 2010. π π
bint = 3 ⋅ sint + d res = 3 ⋅ 200 + ⋅ 166 = 861 mm  
Ductility class B : (ft/fy)k = 1.08 2 2

It is assumed that only straight bars will be used, thus αult = 20°. φint = 14 mm ≤ 0.12d res = 0.12 ⋅ 166 = 20 mm

With respect to integrity reinforcement, two restrictions should be fulfilled:

-the integrity reinforcement should at least be composed of four bars
-the diameter of the integrity bars øint has to be chosen such that
øint ≤ 0.12·dres

Corners of walls should be checked following the same methodology.

Acknowledgements:
The authors are very appreciative of the contributions of Dr. Juan Sagaseta
Albajar and Dr. Luca Tassinari
The authors would also like to thank Carsten Siburg (RWTH Aachen,
Germany) for the independent check of the example he performed.

Lips / Muttoni / Fernández Ruiz / Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland 13