13L – PIPING DRAFTING Issue Date: 3/1/00

Manual 13 - Piping Design

Section L - Piping Drafting

Purpose 1

References 2

Piping Drawings and Related Documents 3

Item Identification 4

3M Addendum to PIP PIC001 5

Process Flow Diagram Guideline 6

Appendices

Appendix A – Example Lists

Piping Design Manual 13 Section L Page 1 of 12

1.0 Purpose and Scope
The purpose of this document is to describe drawings and other documents typically
created in the design and installation of chemical process systems.

2.1 References
 Process Industry Practices PIC001, P&ID Documentation Criteria

 3M Manual 13, Piping Design

 3M Chemical Group Engineering Procedures: Addendum to PIP PIC001,

Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Documentation Criteria

3.0 Piping Drawings and Related Documents

3.1 Types of Drawings

Because of the complexity and geometry of process plant arrangements and
piping systems, the piping designer uses many different types of drawings.

3.1.1 Process Flow Diagrams

The process flow diagram is a schematic representation of a process flow
path. This schematic is used to define the process to be used and shows
all major materials entering and leaving the system, together with major
equipment required. The information provided enables material and energy
balances to be established. See Manual 13, Section L, Paragraph 6 for
3M’s Process Flow Diagram guideline.

3.1.2 Mechanical Flow Diagram

The Mechanical Flow Diagram (MFD) is a schematic diagram developed
from the process flow diagram wherein all equipment, pipelines,
components, and primary instrumentation is identified. The mechanical
flow diagram serves as the guide path for all piping design activities.
Process and Instrumentation Diagrams are replacing MFDs at 3M.

3.1.3 Process and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)

The P&ID diagram is similar to the mechanical flow diagram. On a P&ID,
more of the instrumentation interaction and process control are shown.

3M is a member company of the Process Industry Practices organization

(PIP). PIP has written a practice for the development of Piping and
Instrumentation drawings (P&IDs), PIC001. 3M is adopting PIC001 as the
basis for drawing P&IDs; however some exceptions and additions to PIC001
need to be made for 3M. These exceptions are documented in 3M Manual
13 Section L, Paragraph 5, “Addendum to PIP PIC001”.
3.1.4 Equipment Drawings
Once equipment specifications have been established, the equipment is
built or purchased. Drawings of the equipment are supplied by the
manufacturer showing the physical characteristics of the equipment. The
information is used to prepare the equipment layout within the plant. Each
piece of equipment is assigned an equipment tag number. The method of
assigning a tag number is described in 3M Manual 13 Section L, Paragraph
4.2.

3.1.5 Equipment Arrangement Drawings

Equipment arrangement drawings are plan and elevation views of the
equipment as they will be located in a building or process area. This
drawing will be used by contractors to install the equipment. Each piece of
equipment is identified by the equipment tag number, and dimensioned
from some point in the building, normally the column centerlines.
Equipment nozzles are tagged with an elevation in order to locate the
equipment vertically.

3.1.6 Equipment installation details

Equipment installation details provide information for the support or
mounting of equipment. Examples are load cell installation, sole plates, and
pump baseplate grouting.

3.1.7 Piping Arrangement Drawings

Piping arrangements are orthographic plan and elevation views showing all
the pipelines within a given area. The piping arrangement is prepared from
information provided by the P&ID, equipment drawings, and equipment
arrangements. For clarity the piping is shown ‘single line’ and drawn over a
background indicating the outline of equipment and building features. For
simple installations where the quantity of equipment and piping is small, the
equipment and piping arrangement drawings can be combined.

3.1.8 Piping Isometric Drawings

The piping isometric drawing defines each pipe for material take-off,
fabrication, and installation. The information for the isometric comes from
the P&ID, the equipment arrangement, and the pipeline specification.
3.2 Supplementary documents
To maintain, cross-reference, and supplement information on the drawings,
various lists are created. These lists are incorporated in the project
specifications that accompany the drawings for bid and construction. See
Appendix A of this section for example lists.

3.2.1 Project Drawing Index

The project drawing index lists all the drawings issued for a particular
contract.

3.2.2 Equipment List

Each piece of equipment in the process system is recorded in tag number
sequence on the equipment list, along with a brief description of equipment
attributes.

3.2.3 Instrument List

Primary instruments are devices that indicate and/or control the process and
require mounting or connecting to the process system. Each instrument is
recorded in tag number sequence on the instrument list along with a brief
description of attributes

3.2.4 Pipeline and Pipeline Component Lists

3.2.4.1 Pipeline list

Each pipe in a process system is recorded in tag number sequence on
the pipeline list, along with a brief description of pipeline attributes.

3.2.4.2 Valve list

Each manual valve in a process system is recorded in tag number
sequence in the valve list, along with a brief description of valve attributes

3.2.4.3 Piping Specialties List

A piping specialty item is an item which is not equipment, instrumentation,
and is not covered by the piping specification. Each piping specialty item
is recorded in tag number sequence in the piping specialties list, along
with a brief description of attributes.

3.2.5 Tie Point List

A tie point list identifies the locations in existing piping where new piping will
be connected. Each tie point is identified by a unique number (see Manual
13 Section L, Paragraph 4.5 for tie point numbering). A corresponding tag
with the tie point number is placed in the field to assist the installers to
locate the tie points.
4 ITEM IDENTIFICATION

4.1 Process System Number or Area Designation

The Process System Number is incorporated in the relevant mechanical flow
diagram and is the prefix for all item numbers. The process system number has two
parts: the building number and the process area or burden center number. For
example, process system number 3-5 refers to building number three, process area
number five. Other special areas are identified as follows:

System Sheet Description

Number
0-0 Yard piping between buildings
[Bldg. No.]-0 first sheet or Process Headers
sheets / one (Raw Materials, Solvents, Products)
sheet per building
floor starting with
first floor
[Bldg. No.]-0 next sheet or Mechanical Room
sheets
[Bldg. No.]-0 last sheet or Utilities Piping
sheets/ one sheet (High press. N2, Low press. N2,
per building floor HPS, LPS, HPC2, LPC2, CA, IA,
starting with first CWS, CWR, RWS, DI-WTR, CITY-
floor WTR)
[Bldg. No.]-95 1 sheet per tank Blowdown Tanks for Multiple
Systems
[Bldg. No.]-96 Separate sheets Process Sewers
for each system (Chemical Sewer, River Water
Sewers)
[Bldg. No.]-97 one sheet per Safety System Utilities
building floor (Mask Air, TWS [Safety showers/eye
starting with first wash], TWR [Safety showers/eye
floor wash])

[Bldg. No.]-99 Portable Equipment (Cordova &

Decatur)

4.2 Equipment Tagging

Each piece of equipment within a system is assigned a three-part item number (i.e.
3-5-A-1.) The first part of the equipment number is the process system number per
paragraph 4.1. The second part of the equipment number is its classification
according to function, as follows:

Equip. Class Function

 A Tanks, Reactors, Receivers, Vessels, Towers/Columns,
Bins, Silos

B Heat Exchangers, Condensers, Reboilers,

C Scrubbers, Separators, Filtering Equipment, Env. Chambers,

Booths, Filters (above 6” I.D.)

D Agitators, Blowers, Blenders, Compressors, Ejectors,

Fans, Mixers, Pumps

E Scales, Seals, Seal Cartridges, Specials Undefined

The third part of the equipment number is its sequential identification number
within the system and classification. Therefore, the first tank used in process
system 3-5 would be identified as item 3-5-A-1. The second tank would be 3-5-A-
2, and so forth.

Special situations:

When an object is added to a P&ID or MFD, always use the next available
NEW name. Do NOT re-use an existing name. For example, a tank is
placed into service and is named 3-5-A-3. Subsequent to this tank
installation, many additional tanks are installed. Tank 3-5-A-3 is removed
several years after it was installed. The naming sequence for installing a
new tank has progressed to 3-5-A-8. If a NEW tank installation is now
required, the tank should be named 3-5-A-9. DO NOT re-use the tank
name 3-5-A-3.

REPLACEMENT equipment is numbered the same as the original item,

with the addition of an alphabetical suffix beginning with “A” (i.e. 3-5-A-1A,
3-5-A-1B, 3-5-A-1C, etc.). The letters I, O, and Q should not be used for
replacement equipment tagging.

Filters larger than 6 inches inside diameter are designated as equipment

(use C designation). Filters less than 6 inside diameter are designated as
piping specialties (use SP designation - see 4.3).
4.3 Instrument Tagging
Primary elements of instrumentation are devices to indicate and/or control the
process that require mounting or direct connection to piping. These items are
assigned a three-part number for identification. For example, The first pressure
indicator, in the first loop of the 3-5 system would be assigned the number 3-5-PI-1:

3-5 = Process system number (per 13L Paragraph 4.1)

PI = ISA letter function code (per PIP PIC001 App. A-4)
1 = Instrument sequence number

4.4 Pipelines and Pipeline Component Tagging

4.4.1 Pipeline Tagging
For pipeline tag, see Manual 13, Section L, Paragraph 5.7.
4.4.2 Valve Tagging
All valve bodies on the P&ID are assigned a unique three-part identification
number. The first part of the number is the process system per paragraph
4.1. The second part of the piping component number is its classification,
HV. The third part of the piping component number is the sequential
identification number within the system. Therefore, the first hand valve used
in process system 3-5 would be identified as item 3-5-HV-1.
4.4.3 Piping Specialty Tagging
For piping specialty tagging, see PIP PIC001 Section 4.4.5.

4.5 Tie Point Tagging

Example tie point tag: 49-31-T-1

49 = Building number (location of tie point)

31 = Process system number to which the pipe will be routed from the
tie point
T = Tie point
1 = Sequence number
5 3M ADDENDUM TO PIP PIC001

5.1 Purpose
3M is a member company of the Process Industry Practices organization (PIP).
PIP has written a practice for the development of Piping and Instrumentation
drawings (P&IDs), PIC001. 3M is adopting PIC001 as the basis for drawing P&IDs;
however some exceptions and additions to PIC001 based on 3M requirements
need to be made. Since PIC001 cannot be modified by individual companies, the
purpose of this section is to list deviations from PIP PIC001 specific to 3M.

5.2 General Section of PIP PIC001

Section 4.1 of PIC001 refers to using implied components on a P&ID. In regards to
equipment and piping items, implied components are not allowed. Unique
identification of items for identification, procurement, and life cycle management
requires all items be named and shown.

5.3 Format Section of PIP PIC001

Section 4.2.1.14 of PIC001 refers to using typical details. Details may be used as
long as they do not require implied components.

5.4 Equipment Section of PIP PIC001

Section 4.3 of PIC001 refers to Appendix A-2 for equipment symbols. Additional
symbols allowed on 3M P&IDs are included in 3M Drawing E-12-1501-0108.

Section 4.3.1.4 of PIC001 refers to equipment identification. Note that the method
in PIC001 is for illustrative purposes only and is not a requirement of the practice.
See 3M Manual 13, Section L, Paragraph 4 for 3M equipment identification
methods.

5.5 Piping Section of PIP PIC001

Section 4.4 of PIC001 refers to Appendix A-3 of PIC001 for piping symbols.
Additional symbols allowed on 3M P&IDs are included in 3M Drawing E-12-1501-
0108.

Section 4.4.2 of PIC001 refers to line service codes contained in Appendix A-3. 3M
line service codes are listed in 3M Manual 13 Section C. Where conflicts arise
between 3M and PIP line service codes, 3M line service codes should be used in
pipeline naming.

Section 4.4.4.5 of PIC001 refers to not showing root valves. Implied components
are not allowed per Section 3.0 of PIC001.

5.6 Instrument Section of PIC001

Section 4.5.1.2 refers to instrument identification. Note that the method in PIC001 is
for illustrative purpose only and is not a requirement of the practice. See 3M Manual
13 Section L, Paragraph 4.3 for 3M instrument identification methods.

Section 4.5.2.2 refers to not showing root valves. Implied components are not
allowed per Section 3.0 of PIC001.

5.7 Appendices of PIC001

The line data identification or pipeline naming convention in PIP Appendix A-3 page
1 shall not be used. See 3M Drawing E-12-1501-0108 for the current 3M
convention.

The plug valve symbol in Appendix A-3 page 4 shall not be used. See 3M Drawing
E-12-1501-0108 for the 3M plug valve symbol.

The eductor/ejector symbol is classified as a piping specialty by PIC001. 3M will

continue to classify eductors/ejectors as equipment.

Filters shall be tagged as piping specialties if the inside diameter of the housing is
under 6 inches; if the filter housing is 6 inch inside diameter or larger, it shall be
tagged as equipment.

5.8 Additional Symbols

See 3M Drawing E-12-1501-0108 for additional symbols.
6 PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM GUIDELINE

6.1 Purpose and Scope

This guideline provides criteria for the development of Process Flow Diagrams
(PFDs). This guideline will address the format and content shown on a PFD,
with the following intent:

1. Can fulfill the Division Engineering requirements of a PFD for

Process Safety Information.
2. Define the design basis for chemical processing systems, including
the development of Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams and the
sizing and specifying of equipment, instruments, and pipes.

The PFD gives an overview of a complete chemical processing system. It may

be used to evaluate design and cost options early in a project, as well as
preliminary hazard analysis and risk assessment.

The PFD is not a construction document and should not be included with project
bid or construction packages. The PFD is a 3M Confidential document.

6.2 References
The ‘Piping Guide’, David R. Sherwood and Dennis J. Whistance, Syentek Inc.

PIP PIC001, Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Documentation Criteria

3M Manual 13 Section L, Paragraph 5, 3M Supplement to PIP PIC001

6.3 Definitions
Process Flow Diagram (PFD): an unscaled simplified graphic representation of
a process.

6.4 General
For issues not directly addressed in this document refer to PIP PIC001 and 3M
Manual 13 Section L, Paragraph 5.

6.5 Format
The drawing size is 22" x 34" (3M D size). Layout each PFD to avoid clutter.
Use multiple sheets if necessary. Show primary process flow on each PFD
from left to right. For issues of layout, lines, and text refer to PIP PIC001 and
3M Manual 13 Section L, Paragraph 5.

See Appendix A of PIC001 for PFD symbols. For symbols not covered by
Appendix A refer to 3M Manual 13, Section L, Paragraph 5.

Piping Design Manual 13 Section L Page 10 of 12

 6.6 Equipment
Show all equipment essential to the process. Do not show auxiliary equipment
such as seal lubricators.
Use equipment symbols per above. A reasonable representation of the
equipment shall be drafted for equipment not covered by existing symbols.
Place equipment tags on the PFD the same as on a P&ID (see PIP PIC001 and
3M Manual 13 Section L, Paragraph 5). Show the equipment tag number,
equipment description, and design pressure and temperature in the PFD
equipment tag.

6.7 Instrumentation
Show instrumentation that is essential to process control, and provides a clear
understanding of the process control scheme. Show process and utility control
valves, along with a simplified control loop. Do not show control valve instrument
bubbles.

6.8 Piping
Process and utility lines on the PFD shall be designated by stream number. The
process line stream number shall be as follows:
P-1
Where P represents a process line and 1 is a sequence number. Note the origin
and destination of process lines on the PFD.

The utility line stream number shall be as follows:

U-1
Where U represents a utility line and 1 is a sequence number. Do not note the
origin and destination of utility lines on the PFD.

Do not show bypass lines, line size, line class (pipe specification), vent or drain
connections on the PFD. Show the following piping only if required by a
governing code or regulation, or if they are essential to the process: isolating,
sampling, and pressure relief.

6.9 Piping Specialties and Valves

Show the following piping specialties and valves only if required by a governing code
or regulation, or if they are essential to the process: isolating, sampling, strainers,
flame arrestors and pressure relief.

Piping Design Manual 13 Section L Page 11 of 12

6.10 Stream Table
The stream table information supplied by Division Engineering will contain the
design basis conditions of the chemical process system. Place the stream table
across the bottom of the PFD or on a separate sheet.

The information required in the stream table shall be as follows:

 Stream Number: as defined in paragraph 6.8;

 Material: The material in the pipe described by RM number, chemical

name, or other term;

 Flow rate measured in:

- pounds per hour for solids and liquids;
- cubic feet per minute for gases and vapors;

 Specific gravity (density) of material;.

 Temperature: measured in degrees Fahrenheit;

 Pressure: measured in pounds per square inch gauge.

Other important stream properties such as phase, viscosity, and composition may
be included. In addition, stream tables may be supplied showing various phases
of the process such as startup, normal, etc.

6.11 Sequence of Operation Table

The sequence of operation table describes the steps involved in the batch
process. Each step is described, and the time each step will take is documented.
A sequence of operation table is recommended for batch processes.