FLOW DIAGRAMS GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

JANUARY 1992 PAGE 1 OF 15 EGE 00-B-2 1992

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Scope 6. Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams
2. References 6.1 General
3. General Drafting Instructions 6.2 Arrangement
4. Identification and Numbering 6.3 Minimum Information Requirements
4.1 Drawings 7. Utility and Offsite System Flow Diagrams
4.2 Process, Utility, and Offsite Units 7.1 General
4.3 Equipment 7.2 P&IDs for Utility and Offsite
4.4 Instrumentation and Control Equipment Systems
5. Process Flow Diagrams 8. Line List
5.1 General
5.2 Minimum Information Requirements Appendix Identification and Representation of
Computer-Related Instrumentation
and Control Equipment
1. SCOPE
This Guide defines the requirements for preparation of process flow diagrams (PFDs), piping and
instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs), and utility flow diagrams (UFDs).
2. REFERENCES
The following publications form a part of this Guide. Unless otherwise specified herein, use the latest
edition.
Mobil Engineering Guides
EGE 00-S-1A Typical Process Flow Diagram SI Units
EGE 00-S-1B Typical Process Flow Diagram Customary Units
EGE 00-S-2 Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Standard Symbols and Nomenclature
EGE 00-S-3 Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Standard Schematic Details
EGE 00-S-4 Typical Piping and Instrumentation Diagram XYZ Unit Reaction and Fractionation Section
EGE 16-B-30 Piping Selection and Application of Piping Components and Materials (with Classification Sheets and
Appendix)
ISA (Instrument Society of America) Standard
S5.1 Instrumentation Symbols and Identification
3. GENERAL DRAFTING INSTRUCTIONS
3.1 All flow diagrams shall be prepared in accordance with this Guide, except as modified by the
Mobil-approved project specifications.
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Project specifications for flow diagrams shall be developed with consideration given to existing local practice
and standards.
3.2 All process flow diagrams, piping and instrument diagrams, and utility flow diagrams shall be produced
using Computer-Assisted Design Drafting (CADD), unless otherwise approved by Mobil. Intergraphs Plant
Design Software (PDS) shall be used for all PFDs, P&IDs, and UFDs. PDS shall utilize a relational database
such as Oracle. Standard PDS symbology shall be used as shown on EGE 00-S-2.
Mobil will supply software with built-in standards for all projects. Mobil shall be consulted before beginning
CADD drawing production to establish the details necessary to permit delivery of all drawings on electronic
media suitable for interpretation and use by Mobil.
3.3 Flow diagrams normally shall be drawn on sheets not exceeding 1118 mm (44 in.) in length and 864
mm (34 in.) in width. Sheets longer than 1118 mm (44 in.) may be used if laid out to allow separation into
1118 mm sections. In such cases, the drawing number, title, and section number shall be shown in the
lower right-hand corner of each section. The general notes shall be shown on the last section.
3.4 Process flow lines shall be of medium width. All other lines shall be drawn with a finer width. The two
line widths shall be readily distinguishable. Where modifications are being made to an existing unit, line
widths shall be as specified in Paragraph 5.1.5. Equipment item numbers shall be shown in a bold lettering
that commands attention.
3.5 All lettering, arrows, line spacing, and details shall be drawn so that 279 mm by 432 mm (11 in. by 17
in.) reductions of full-size sheets will be legible. Do not distort the relative proportion of symbol-to-text size
in order to achieve legibility (see EGE 00-S-2 drawings).
3.6 Piping crossovers shall be indicated by breaking all vertical lines where they cross horizontal lines.
Instrumentation lines shall be broken at all crossovers of other lines.
3.7 Arrows shall be used to show direction of flow on process and utility lines. They shall also be used
on instrument actuating lines, if required, to define the control system on P&IDs.
3.8 Fractionating trays in towers shall be numbered, with the lowest tray as number one. Where
modifications are being made to existing equipment, numbering shall conform to the existing numbering
system. All main internals shall be shown.
3.9 Skirts and supports for towers and vessels need not be shown, except as required to indicate that
valves or other installations are inside skirts.
4. IDENTIFICATION AND NUMBERING
4.1 Drawings
All drawings shall be numbered in the title block, as shown on EGE 00-S-2-1. (See "Title Block Label" in the
left column.)
4.2 Process, Utility, and Offsite Units
Each process, utility, and offsite unit or system shall be assigned an identifying number in accordance with
the project job specifications. For example, a crude unit may be designated number 01, a reformer 12, and
a truck loading rack 35.
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4.3 Equipment
4.3.1 Each piece of equipment, including all equipment shown on PFDs, P&IDs, or UFDs, shall be
uniquely identified. The identification format shall consist of a combination of all the following components
(see typical Examples 1 and 2 below):
(a) The plant process, utility or offsite unit, or system identification number (see Paragraph 4.2).
(b) The equipment category identification letter (see Paragraph 4.3.2).
(c) The sequential equipment number (see Paragraph 4.3.3).
(d) A descriptive suffix letter when required (see Paragraph 4.3.4).
The equipment identification system format shall be applied as specified in the project job specifications.
4.3.2 Each piece of equipment, including all equipment shown on PFDs, P&IDs, or UFDs, shall be
assigned a letter designation, such as G for pumps, C for columns, or E for heat exchangers. The letter
designation corresponds to a category of equipment as defined on EGE 00-S-2-1; (see Equipment
Identification Prefixes for Flow Diagrams).
Example 1 12-G-101 S
descriptive suffix
sequential equipment number
equipment category identification letter
process unit identification
NOTE: The hyphen between the unit number and
identification letter can be omitted.
Example 2 G-12 01 S
descriptive suffix
sequential equipment number
process unit identification number
equipment category identification letter
4.3.3 Within the same unit or facility, all process equipment with the same prefix letter shall be numbered
consecutively in the number sequence assigned to that facility. For instance, pumps (prefix G) in a crude
unit (01) would be numbered 01-G-101, 01-G-102, and so on. If equipment is deleted, its number shall not
be used again.
4.3.4 Installed spare equipment, such as pumps, shall be identified by a sequential suffix letter beginning
with A. For example, the spared pumps for a service would be designated 01-G-101A and 01-G-101B.
Spared filters would be designated 01-M-103A and 01-M-103B.
The suffix letter S (for "spare") should be used only where there is a definite preference for running one
pump (or compressor).
4.3.5 Equipment drivers shall carry the same designation as the driven equipment, but with a suffix letter
in parentheses to denote the type of driver: turbine (steam or gas) (T), electric motor (M), or engine (E).
For example, G-101A(M) would identify the motor drive for pump G-101A.
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4.3.6 Each piece of equipment shall be depicted only once. In places where systems share equipment
and it logically might be shown twice, adequate indication of this fact is required, such as showing the
equipment in phantom where repeated on documents.
4.4 Instrumentation and Control Equipment
4.4.1 Conventional Installation
(a) Instrumentation and control equipment shall be assigned functional (letter) and loop (number)
identifications in accordance with ISA S5.1, except for computer installations which are discussed in
the Appendix.
(b) The loop numbers and sequences shall be as designated in the project specifications. Normally,
coded five-digit loop numbers shall be used. The first two digits shall identify a unit or facility, and the
final three digits shall identify the individual loop.
(c) All instrumentation and control equipment in a loop shall be assigned the same loop number.
The loop number shall be the same for all components of a loop even when the components are
located in differently coded areas.
(d) The same loop number shall not be used again if the loop is deleted.
(e) Individual temperature points integral to multipoint thermocouple assemblies shall be identified
by a loop suffix number. The loop number shall be common to all parts in a given assembly.
4.4.2 Computer-Related Installations
Computer-related instrumentation and control equipment shall be assigned letter-number identification in
accordance with the Appendix.
5. PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS
5.1 General
5.1.1 Individual process flow diagrams are required for all plant installations consisting of equipment
interconnected by piping. Examples include, but are not limited to, the following:
Process units
Light oil treaters
Water treaters
Instrument and plant air compressors and dryers
Steam generating plants
Cooling towers
Inert gas generators
Utility distribution systems
Oil recovery facilities
Flares, pressure relief, blowdown
Oil storage, blending, and transfer facilities
Loading facilities
Auxiliary systems
Offsite interconnecting piping systems
Wastewater treatment facilities
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5.1.2 Process flow diagrams shall clearly indicate the process design basis for the facility or system in
terms of equipment and arrangements, stream compositions, flowrates, pressures, temperatures, liquid
levels, and modes of control.
5.1.3 EGE 00-S-1 (A or B), a typical process flow diagram, is to be used as an example of:
(a) Format guidelines.
(b) Equipment and stream identification.
(c) Presentation of information.
(d) Indication of mode of process control.
(e) A legend.
(f) Notes on process unit flow diagrams.
5.1.4 Equipment shall be arranged in a logical flow sequence progressing from left to right. Entering and
leaving streams shall match with continuations on adjacent sheets.
5.1.5 For projects where modifications are being made to an existing unit, drawings shall use light lines
for existing equipment, and heavy lines for new equipment.
5.1.6 Modes of control shall be indicated as on EGE 00-S-1 (A or B). Instrument lines shall be shown
as dashed lines without indicating preference for air, hydraulic, or electric mode.
5.1.7 For drawings of facilities other than process units, EGE 00-S-1 (A or B) shall be used as a guide.
However, the tabular forms for information for stream data and equipment may be modified and simplified.
5.2 Minimum Information Requirements
5.2.1 General
On process flow diagrams the information requested in Paragraph 5.2.2 and in Paragraph 5.2.3, Items (a)
through (d), shall be shown in tabulations above and below the drawings, as indicated on EGE 00-S-1 (A
or B). The information requested in Paragraph 5.2.3, Items (e) through (g), shall be shown at the equipment
symbols. Material balance tabulations shall show trace components where the presence of the component
has an effect on the selection of materials of construction or an impact on operations, the environment, or
safety.
5.2.2 Stream Data
The following information, as a minimum, representing calculated values at design conditions, shall be
shown for each numbered stream:
(a) Flowrate (kg/h or lb/h).
(b) Flowrate (m /h or ft /min, US gpm).
3 3
(c) API gravity (API) or specific gravity (SG) at 15.6C (60F).
(d) Molecular weight (mol wt).
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(e) Material balance information (for process units only).
5.2.3 Equipment
The information tabulated herein is the minimum information to be shown on process flow diagrams for the
following equipment:
(a) Heat Exchange Equipment
(1) Identification number and service.
(2) Operating duty (kW or Btu/h, million Btu/h).
(3) Maximum duty (kW or Btu/h, million Btu/h).
(4) Maximum process pressure (kPa gage or psig) on both shell and tube sides.
(5) Maximum process temperature (C or F) on both shell and tube sides.
(6) Flooded heat exchangers should be labeled as such.
(b) Pressure Vessels and Towers
(1) Identification number and service.
(2) Inside diameter and tray spacing.
(3) Length, tangent to tangent (T-T).
(4) Maximum process pressure (kPa gage or psig).
(5) Maximum process temperature (C or F).
(6) Liquid residence time (LRT) in minutes, if applicable, shall be noted adjacent to equipment.
(7) Number of trays or packing height shall be shown within equipment symbol.
(c) Pumps
(1) Identification number and service.
(2) Maximum process flowrate (m /h @ FC or US gpm).
3
(3) Operating temperature (C or F).
(4) Specific gravity (SG) at pumping temperature (PT).
(5) Vapor pressure (kPa abs or psia) at PT.
(6) Viscosity (mPa.s or cp) at PT.
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(d) Compressors and Blowers
(1) Identification number and service.
(2) Maximum process inlet flowrate (m /h @ FC ft /min).
3 3
(3) Maximum inlet temperature (C or F).
(4) Molecular weight (mol wt).
(5) Ratio of specific heats (Cp/Cv).
(e) Heaters
(1) Identification number and service.
(2) Operating absorbed duty (kW or million Btu/h) for each service in the heater.
(3) Design absorbed duty (kW or million Btu/h) for each service in the heater.
(4) Inlet and outlet temperatures and pressures for each service in the heater corresponding to
the operating and design absorbed duties.
(f) Tanks
(1) Identification number, service, and type of roof.
(2) Working capacity (m or bbl).
3
(3) Special appurtenances, such as mixers or heating coils.
(g) Miscellaneous Equipment Identification number and service.
6. PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAMS
6.1 General
6.1.1 Piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs) are required for all facilities. (Examples are listed
in Paragraph 5.1.1.) The P&ID for process facilities shall show all process equipment, instrumentation,
process piping (including process steam blowdown and pressure relief), and connections for utilities.
Utilities and auxiliary limits of facilities shall be shown on separate P&IDs, as specified in Section 7.
6.1.2 The standard symbol and nomenclature menus shall be issued for every project as lead drawings
for the P&IDs. These menus show the symbols and nomenclature that Mobil has adopted from Intergraph's
PDS software. The interactive features of PDS require that standard PDS symbols be used to enter
information into the database. This information can then be used to generate lists, reports, and material
takeoffs. Standard symbols and nomenclature shall not be revised without Mobil approval.
6.1.3 All P&IDs shall be developed using the format given in EGE 00-S-4. EGE 00-S-4 drawings
illustrate equipment placement, layout density, symbols, identification, and tagging conventions.
6.1.4 EGE 00-S-3 drawings contain typical schematic detail lead sheets for equipment and instrument
piping such as vents, drains, vessel bridles, steam trap assemblies, and sample systems. These details
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need not be repeated on the P&IDs if shown on the lead sheets. These schematic details show minimum
requirements for:
(a) Valving and isolation.
(b) Break points.
(c) Routing.
(d) Vents, drains, and purges.
The schematics do not show piping and fitting details, unless critical to the installation. Piping and fitting
details are discussed in EGE 16-B-30 or the job specifications.
6.2 Arrangement
6.2.1 Towers, vessels, and fired heaters should be shown on the upper half of the P&ID, heat exchange
equipment in the upper three-quarters, and pumps and compressors in the lower quarter. The spacing of
equipment and flow lines shall permit ready identification and tracing of the lines through the diagram.
6.2.2 Numbers to be used as match lines for process piping leaving the sheet shall be provided along
both sides of the standard P&ID. Numbers along the top and bottom of the drawing serve to create a grid
for use in determining location coordinates for instrument index documents.
6.2.3 General arrangement and format shall be in accordance with EGE 00-S-4.
6.3 Minimum Information Requirements
6.3.1 General
The identification number and service descriptions shall be shown for each piece of equipment. This
information shall be shown along the top edge of the drawing for towers, drums, heaters, tanks, and heat
exchange equipment, and along the bottom edge of the drawing for pumps, compressors, and
miscellaneous equipment. Minimum information required for the P&ID is contained in Paragraph 5.2.3.
Additional information may be added at the discretion of Mobil. For examples of information and labeling,
refer to EGE 00-S-4 drawings. Units shall be metric (SI) or customary, as required by project specifications.
Equipment shall be shown in sufficient detail to depict all the hardware and operating functions, including
control requirements.
6.3.2 Towers, Vessels, Drums, and Tanks
(a) All nozzles, manways, and handholes, as well as all steamout, relief, sample, thermowell, gage
glass, vent, and drain connections, shall be shown on the P&ID.
(b) Vessel internals shall be shown schematically. Trays shall be numbered as specified in
Paragraph 3.8.
(c) Elevation of the bottom tangent line of all vessels shall be shown. Reactor thermocouple
positions shall be indicated.
(d) Liquid levels shall be dimensioned from the bottom or bottom of tangent line.
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6.3.3 Reciprocating Compressors
All cylinders, manifolds, surge headers, and pulsation bottles shall be shown for multiple-cylinder
compressors.
6.3.4 Piping
(a) All process and equipment auxiliary piping to be installed in a facility shall be shown on the P&ID.
The piping should be shown in the main diagram; however, if necessary for clarity, auxiliary piping may
be shown on separate P&IDs appropriately referenced on the main diagram.
(b) All valves, except those used in instrument hookup and steam tracing, shall be shown unless
depicted on the "Standard Schematic Details," EGE 00-S-3. Valve sizes shall be indicated if different
from line sizes. Flanged valves shall be shown with flanges in the connecting piping. Relief valves
shall be identified with size, set pressure, and tag number.
(c) All lines shall be assigned a service prefix, number, size, Mobil pipe material classification, and
requirement for insulation or steam tracing, as specified on EGE 00-S-2-1 (see "Line Labels" in the
top left column).
(d) Lines shall be numbered in sequences as called for in the project specifications. The numbering
system for piping shall identify the line and the unit or facility in which it is installed.
(e) The number assigned to a line at its origin shall follow that line throughout its entire length
through all areas of the plant, regardless of area code changes or P&ID number changes.
6.3.5 Instrumentation
(a) All locally mounted and board-mounted instruments, including control equipment, shall be shown
and identified by symbols and prefixes in accordance with Section 4.3. Optional prefixes and symbols
that are not covered in ISA S5.1 shall be defined on EGE 00-S-2-5.
(b) Instrument actuating lines shall be shown in accordance with the standard line identifications in
ISA S5.1. Instrument air supply lines shall not be shown.
(c) For clarity, detailed instrumentation, such as that required for fired heaters, may be shown on
separate diagrams and referenced on the P&ID at the equipment symbols.
(d) Where multiple sensors are installed, such as flash zone temperature sensors in crude columns,
the location of each sensor shall be indicated.
7. UTILITY AND OFFSITE SYSTEM FLOW DIAGRAMS
7.1 General
The flow diagrams for utility and offsite systems shall be handled in a manner similar to that followed for
process systems. Both a utility flow diagram (UFD) and a P&ID shall be prepared for each utility and offsite
system.
Utility balance diagrams for steam, air, water, condensate, and fuel shall be prepared for all process units,
offsites, and utility areas. Multiple utility balances shall be prepared when summer and winter demands
differ in a particular utility system. Separate utility balances may also be required to identify system
demands during startup, turnarounds, regeneration, and power or cooling water failures.
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7.1.1 As a minimum, individual utility flow diagrams are required for the following systems:
Steam (all pressure levels)
Condensate (all pressure levels)
Water (each system)
Fuel gas
Fuel Oil
Plant and Instrument air
Sewers (each system)
Inert gas
Flare
Hydrogen
Flushing Oil
Offsite Tankage
Typical diagrams of various utility systems are shown in the 500 series of the Systems Design Guides.
Where the pressure levels of the steam system are interconnected, the overall system is better understood
if the different pressure levels are presented on one drawing. Where different water systems have common
or related source facilities, these shall all be shown in a single flow diagram, but individual flow diagrams
shall be prepared for their distribution systems. Discretion in layout is necessary to ensure that the drawings
do not become cluttered or confusing.
7.1.2 Flow diagrams shall be complete in all respects, as outlined in Paragraph 5.1.2. In addition, data
for normal operation and alternative operations that are important to the specification of piping or the design
of equipment shall be shown on the flow diagram. Normal, maximum, and emergency design cases
(flowrates and corresponding pressures and temperatures) shall be shown at sufficient points throughout
the system to provide a basis for piping design and selection. The flow diagrams shall show all producers
and consumers, including those within process units, offsites, and utility plants. For distribution systems,
plot plan orientation shall be used for schematic presentation of the system.
7.2 P&IDs for Utility and Offsite Systems
7.2.1 P&IDs shall be prepared for all utility and offsite systems in accordance with the requirements of
Section 6. The piping and equipment layout shall be plot plan oriented.
7.2.2 Utility P&IDs shall not duplicate any utility system components that are shown on other process
P&IDs. If, for clarity, it is desirable to duplicate piping, valving, or equipment from another P&ID, it shall be
clearly identified. Distribution diagrams shall be broken down by process units and offsite areas.
8. LINE LIST
The standard Mobil Line List should be prepared for all P&IDs and utility flow diagrams, utilizing Intergraphs
PDS format. The information to be included on the PDS line list report is considered to be the minimum
required.
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APPENDIX
IDENTIFICATION AND REPRESENTATION OF COMPUTER-RELATED
INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL EQUIPMENT
A-1. IDENTIFICATION
Computer-related instrumentation and control equipment shall be assigned functional (letter)
and loop (number) identifications consistent with ISA S5.1 and as modified herein.
A-1.1 Loop Identification Numbers
Five-digit numbers shall be used as described in Section 4.3.
A-1.1.1 The five-digit loop identification numbers shall be assigned to all instruments relating
to the same measured variable, regardless of type. These numbers should agree with
analog identification numbers. For the purpose of legibility when the drawings are reduced,
it may be desirable to omit the process unit identification number on the P&IDs. In this case,
the process unit identification number is implied and will be included in all other documents.
A-1.1.2 The five-digit numbering system permits the designation of subareas within units,
if desired, provided such areas will not have more than 99 of any one variable. For example,
a subarea (01.5) in a crude unit (01) could have loop numbers 501 to 599 for each variable.
A-1.1.3 For purchase and listing purposes, field transmitters and control valves shall have
the same number as their associated loops. These numbers shall be shown to
accommodate material takeoffs for equipment lists and estimating purposes (see
EGE 00-S-4 drawings).
A-1.2 Functional Identification Numbers
A-1.2.1 Since the computer performs the various functions of analog instruments (recording,
indicating, controlling, and so forth) simultaneously and integrally, only the measured or
initiating variable and a single designator to distinguish input/output requirements need be
shown, e.g., FI, FC. This information can ultimately be used to determine I/O hardware
requirements by a P&ID takeoff (either manual or electronic-assisted).
A-1.2.2 The primary purpose of the P&ID is to represent the mechanical equipment and the
operational relationship of the equipment. The combination of symbols and identification for
instruments is structured to facilitate this purpose. With computer-based control, it may
become difficult to represent exact detail; however, by extended use of ISA S5.1 "Users
Choice" and "unclassified," a relatively clear understanding may be presented. Example:
"N" may be used in the second position to indicate a software-modified variable. "Y" is still
in force as a compute function, but is reserved to indicate an initial input computation or
special function output.
"X" or "B" may be designated to mean binary, contact, or state change input. Use and
explanation of these identifiers will be called out on the lead sheet and will become part of
the specifications.
A-1.2.3 Todays process control computers use point tag identifiers to identify discrete data.
These point tags shall be directly relatable to the loop identification as described in this
Guide. Some of the current manufacturers have restrictions on the size and makeup of
these tags. For instance, one manufacturer limits this tag to eight alphanumeric characters,
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including spaces and dashes. Also, the first character must be alpha. Since the system in
use is normally serving more than one unit, the most convenient unique tag becomes:

Function
Unit
Equipment
I/O descriptor*
FC01101T Input
Example: FC01101V Output
FI01102T Input
*Any alpha code can satisfy this designation.
A unique correspondence between a number and a device is retained and the point tag is
used as a component of the instrument index.
A-1.2.4 It should be recognized that complex control cannot be accurately reflected by
simple symbol and functional numbering. Therefore, reference to clarification documents
may be required to satisfy the intent of the P&ID.
A-2. TYPICAL REPRESENTATIONS ON P&IDS
Figures A-1 through A-5 define the drawing symbols to be used for distributed control system
(DCS) input-output and control information and for control loops. They also illustrate various
combinations of analog and DCS hardware. It should be understood that no attempt has
been made to show all possible configurations. Rather, the examples shown should be
considered basic illustrations of general principles to be applied in representing specific
instrument arrangements.
The examples show all DCS controllers designated "FIC-." In DCS the indicator ("I") function
is inherent to the control ("C") function. The user may omit the "I" and use "FC," depending
on local custom.
A-2.1 Transmitters
All transmitters shall be shown on P&IDs. If they have either integral or separate local
indicators, or if more than one transmitter supplies signals from a single source (for example,
parallel separate signals to an alarm unit and to a controller), all such details must be shown.
A-2.2 Signals
Instrument signal lines shall be illustrated in sufficient detail to show clearly the source and
sequence of signal flow. Directional arrows should only be used if the direction of flow is
unclear or to indicate flow from master to slave unit. If required for clarity, the symbol SP
may also be shown to indicate the set point function.
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FIGURE A-1
DCS MASS FLOW COMPUTATIONS
FIGURE A-2
LOCAL PNEUMATIC FLOW CONTROLLER WITH
FLOW DISPLAYED THROUGH A DCS
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FIGURE A-3
DCS CASCADE LOOP
FIGURE A-4
ANALOG CONTROL OF FLOW WITH LOW-LEVEL
OVERRIDE
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FIGURE A-5
DCS INTERNAL REFLUX CONTROLLER