Cambridge International AS Level Physics Answers to end-of-chapter questions

Answers to EOC questions

Chapter 4 Vertical component of tension in string 2
= tension × cos 60° [1]
1 a = 0.58 × cos 60° = 0.29 N upwards [1]
4000 N
c Weight is balanced by upward components of
drag
tensions[1]
= 0.87 + 0.29 = 1.16 N = 1.2 N to 2 sig. figs [1]
4000 N d
[2]
1.0 N
b correct diagram to scale [1] weight
= 6130 N + 70 N [1]
(allow also calculation from components)
0.58 N [1]
2 a
contact force
e By Pythagoras’ theorem, [1]
weight = 1.16 N = 1.2 N to 2 sig. figs [1]
friction
4 Component of F at 90° to lever = F sin 45° [1]
Moment of F about pivot = force × distance[1]
= 2.0 × F sin 45° = 40 N m (from the question)[1]
40 = 28.3 N = 28 N to 2 sig. figs [1]
so F = 2 sin 45°
weight
[1]
b component of weight down slope 5 Taking moments about the pivot: [1]
= weight × cos 70° or weight × sin 20° [1] 3.3 × 0.100 + 7.6 × 0.060 = P × 0.080 [1]
= 1.5 × 9.8 × cos 70° = 5.03 N P = 0.786
0.080  [1]
= 5.0 N to 2 sig. figs [1] = 9.83 N = 9.8 N to 2 sig. figs [1]
c Friction balances the component of weight
down slope (as contact force is at 90° to 6 a i A couple is a pair of equal and opposite
slope),[1] forces that act at different points. [1]
so friction = 5.03 N up the slope ii The torque of a force about a point is the
= 5.0 N to 2 sig. figs [1] product of the force and distance. [1]
d The contact force balances the component of The distance is the perpendicular distance
weight at 90° to slope, [1] of the line of action of the force to the
so contact force = weight × cos 20° [1] point.[1]
= 1.5 × 9.8 cos 20° = 13.8 N b i rotation shown clockwise [1]
= 14 N to 2 sig. figs [1] force drawn forwards [1]

3 a Horizontal component of tension in string 1 axle

= tension × cos 60° [1] force exerted

ground by road on wheels
= 1.0 × cos 60° = 0.50 N to the left [1]
Horizontal component of tension in string 2
ii zero[1]
= tension × cos 30° [1]
The car moves at constant speed. or
= 0.58 × cos 30° = 0.50 N to the right [1]
The wheel turns at a constant rate. [1]
These components cancel, as there is no torque 200 = 690 N
iii force = radius = 0.29 [1]
resultant horizontal force. [1]
b Vertical component of tension in string 1
7 a
The centre of gravity of an object is the point
= tension × cos 30° [1]
where all the weight of the object [1]
= 1.0 × cos 30° = 0.87 N upwards [1]
may be considered to act. [1]

Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics © Cambridge University Press 2014

 Cambridge International AS Level Physics Answers to end-of-chapter questions

b i Taking moments about the fixed end of the c i Vertical component = 45 sin 50°
flagpole: = 34.5 ≈ 35 N [1]
Sum of clockwise = Sum of anticlockwise ii Weight = sum of vertical components
moments moments = 2 × 34.5 = 69 N [1]
(25 × 9.81) × 1.5 = Tx[1]
where x = perpendicular distance of the
line of action of the tension from the fixed
end of the flagpole, given by
x = 2.5 sin 30° = 1.25 m [1]
(25 × 9.81) × 1.5 = T × 1.25 [1]
T= 25 × 9.81 × 1.5 = 294 ≈ 290 N [1]
1.25
ii The net vertical force = 0
Vertical component of force at fixed end
+ vertical component of T = weight
Vertical component of force at fixed end
+ 294 sin 30° = 25 × 9.81 [1]
Vertical component of force ≈ 98 N [1]

8 a No net / resultant force [1]

No net / resultant moment [1]
b i Torque of the couple about the centre
= 30 × 90 = 2700 N cm [1]
ii Moment of force about the centre
= (T × 24) N cm [1]
For equilibrium: 24T = 2700 [1]
T = 113 ≈ 110 N [1]

9 a The torque of a force about a point is the

product of the force and distance. [1]
The distance is the perpendicular distance of
the force to the point. [1]
b Tension in string B
= vertical component of A = 8.0 sin 50° [1]
TB = 6.13 ≈ 6.1 N [1]
Tension in string C
= horizontal component of A = 8.0 cos 50° [1]
TC = 5.14 ≈ 5.1 N [1]

10

a No rotation [1]
No movement in any direction [1]
b Two tension forces in the cord [1]
Closed triangle of forces or parallelogram of
forces, including weight [1]

tension in cord

weight of
picture
tension in cord

Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics © Cambridge University Press 2014