Hello!

Our Group Members are :

Akash Bista (071/BEX/05) Ankur Raj Karn (071/BEX/08)
Arjun Khadka (071/BEX/09) Saput Khadka (071/BEX/41)

We are here because we love to give presentations.

 Voice Over
Internet Protocol
1.
What is VOIP?
Voice over Internet Protocol
(VoIP) is a technology that
enables one to make and
receive phone calls through
the Internet instead of using
the traditional analogy
PSTN (Public Switched
Telephone Network) lines.
• VOIP is packetisation and transport of classic
public switched telephone system audio over an
IP network.

• It allows 2-way voice transmission over

broadband connection.

• It is also called IP telephony, internet telephony,

voice over broadband, broadband telephony.
2.
Why not PSTN ?
Disadvantages
• It requires a dedicated line for making and completing a call.

• Scalability is limited.

• Features like conferencing, caller ID and call waiting are

available for an extra cost.

• Call charges are higher.

• One cannot use bandwidth optimally with this technology.

 Yesterday’s Network
Circuit Switched Networks (Voice)
PBX CO

CO CO

Packet Switched Networks (Data)

Router Router
Router

Router
Router

• Separated Networks
• Separated applications/services
3.
Why VOIP?
Advantages

● VOIP increases the effectivity of data transmission.

● One can transmit data, video and voice at the same time.
● It is scalable to a large extent.
● Bandwidth is well utilized.
● Less hardware is used.
● VOIP is cheap and easy.
● One gets free value added services.
 Converged/Present Day’s Network

PBX CO
PSTN PBX

Gateway
Router

Router Router Router

IP Phone IP Phone

• Converged Network
• Separated or Integrated Applications
4.
How does VOIP
work?
● Compression – voice is compressed typically with one of the
following codecs, G7.11 64k, G7.29AB 8K, G723.1 6.3K

● Encapsulation – the digitized voice is wrapped in an IP packet

● Routing – the voice packet is routed through the network to its final
destination

● Converting the voice signal Voice

(Source)
ADC Internet DAC
Voice
(Destination)
a. ADC
b. DAC

● Transmission of voice in packets

5.
VOIP
Architecture
 Public Switched Gateways allow PCs to
Telephone Network also reach phones

Initially, PC to PC
voice calls over the
Internet PSTN
Gateway

Multimedi
a PC
IP Network
Gateway
Multimedi
a PC

…or phones to
PSTN reach phones
6. VoIP Network Model
7. IP Protocol Layering
Applications (e.g., email, web pages)

TCP UDP

IP (Internet Protocol)

Physical Transport (e.g., Cable Modem)

IP Header TCP Header Email Data (1000 bytes)

(20 bytes) (20 bytes)

A Typical IP Datagram
17
8.
Examples of VoIP
9.
Limitations
● Packet delay.

● Packet loss.

● No guaranty of delivering packets.

● Jitter (variable delay).

10.
Disadvantages
● The disadvantage of VOIP include echoes and
unpredictable sound quality.
● As VOIP uses the Internet, it is vulnerable to the same
type as security risks:
a) Hacking
b) Denial of Service
c) Eavesdropping
 References:
● Tannenbaum, Andrew S. et al. “Computer
Networks” 5th Edition, Pearson Education 2011.

● “VOIP” . Slideshare – LinkedIn.

https://slideshare.net

● “Voice over IP”. Wikipedia – Wikimedia.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_over_IP
THANKS!