Q#1 to Q#15 (Project No. 01)
01
<<ALL ANSWERS AND ANNOTATIONS BY ARCH.
RAI BASSIG>>
<<REVIEWER/QUESTIONNAIRE - SOURCE:
UNKNOWN>>
*****PROJECT NO. 01*****
Situation 1 - Project No. 01
Q#1. C. 3
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Table VII.2, under R-1,
Number of allowable storeys/floors above established
grade
Q#2. A. 10
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Table VII.2, under R-1, BHL
meters above highest grade
Q#3. C. 11
Width of 6 lots = TLA of 6 lots (Given) / Depth of 6 lots
(Given)
Width of 6 lots = 132 sqm / 12m
Width of 6 lots = 11m
Q#4. B. deck roof level parapet wall, if introduced
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Glossary, "Height of
Building/Structure - The vertical distance from the
established grade elevetion to the highest point of the
coping of a flat roof, to the average height of the
highes gable, pitch or hip roof, OR TO THE TOP OF
THE PARAPET, IF THE ROOF IS PROVIDED WITH
A PARAPET...xxx..." See Figure VII.1 for illustration.
Refer also to IRR of PD1096, Sec. 707, Item 2, Sub-
Item a, Paragraph 2, "BHL EXCLUDES the height of
permitted/allowed projections above the roof of the
building/structure, e.g. SIGNAGE, MAST, ANTENNA,
telecom tower, beacons and the like.
Q#5. A. 1 to 5
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Glossary, under Height of
Buildings/Structure, "Low-Rise - ONE-STOREY UP
TO 5-STOREYS IN HEIGHT,...xxx..."
Situation 2 - Project No.
Q#6. D. NorthEast (NE)
Similar to Q#36!
Note that the choices given are the actual orientation
where the Amihan wind will originate. If you plot the
project site and face the property from the main
RROW, the wind will be coming from the lower right
corner of the lot.
Q#7. D. West, SouthWest (SW) and South perimeters
Similar to Q#37!
Note that the choices given are the actual orientation
to buffer the Habagat wind at the direction such wind
will originate (i.e., Southwest). If you plot the project
site and face the property from the main RROW, the
wind will be coming from the upper left corner of the
lot.
Q#8. C. North and South
The cluster street is given at the direction from west
to east and intersects the main RROW at right angles
(perpendicular).
Q#9. A. Right and Left side yards
Similar to Q#39!
If you plot the project site, the individual lots will have
its right and left side yards facing the eastern and
western directions.
Q#10. C. SE to SW and NE to NW
Similar to Q#40!
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west,
therefore, the dominant path is east TO west. In the
Philippine setting, since the country is located just
above the equator (northern hemisphere), the sun's
solar angle for most of the year is at the southern
direction, while some months (around August-
November) the solar angle is slightly angled coming
from the northern direction. Therefore the dominant
path is SE to SW and NE to NW.
Situation 3 - Project No. 01
Q#11. B. Homeowners' association office
The other given choices (gameroom, swimming pool,
and clubhouse) can be considered as amenities as it
will increase the value of the property and the living
conditions of the occupants. A homeowners'
association office is considered as a general facility
and does not directly uplift the land value of the
project. Moreover, there are only 10 individual lots
(with 1 lot assuming to be used exclusively for this
amenity provision), so, only 9 single-family dwellings
will comprise the association. 

With this logic, a homeowners' association office will

be too impractical to be built on that individual lot. If
such an office is indeed a necessity, it would be a
better option if such office will be included inside the
clubhouse or on a separate development project
(when the number of clusters have increased).

Q#12. D. Homeowners' association office

See my explanation above (Q#11).

Q#13. D. Overhead Water Tank

Similar to second Q#102 and Q#133!
The Overhead Water Tank pertains to a utility
provision (Plumbing).

Q#14. D. Guest Parking

Similar to Q#103 and Q#134!
The other choices, Generator Room, Domestic Water
Cistern, and STP all pertain to utility provisions
(Electrical, Plumbing and Sanitary Utilities,
respectively).

Q#15. D. Cistern and Sewage Treatment Plant, if

introduced
Similar to Q#104 and Q#135!
A Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) would be required
to be at a certain distance from buildings, trees, and
water sources to avoid contamination as per National
Plumbing Code of the Philippines and the Sanitation
Code of the Philippines. Placing a cistern (water
source) close to the STP would violate this provision.
Q#16 to Q#20 (Project No. 01)
<<ALL ANSWERS AND ANNOTATIONS BY ARCH.
RAI BASSIG>>
<<REVIEWER/QUESTIONNAIRE - SOURCE:
UNKNOWN>>
Situation 4 - Project No. 01
Q#16. A. Residential and recreational
Although the question might be subjective, I analyzed
the answer based on the 1) Design Problem and 2)
Use and Occupancy permitted as per IRR of PD
1096, Table VII.1. The design problem is located in a
municipality (i.e., low market) of Taytay on a 10%
slope (i.e., probable views of nature). The problem
also states that the TGFA of the housing units is only
at 77 sqm. (this will play a factor in eliminating
choices):
Choice d. (Retail) can be safely eliminated since the
use of the property is A-1 and the zone is R-1. As per
Table VII.1., NONE of the other principal uses or even
accessory or conditional uses of the property allow for
a commercial/retail structure. In fact, the A-1/R-1
use/zone is very specific that structures shall NOT be
used for COMMERCIAL GAIN.
Choice b. (business/home office) may be applied BUT
ONLY FOR ACCESSORY USE and with CERTAIN
LIMITATIONS. If one sets up a home office, the code
limits the practice of the professional to have a max.
of 20% of the floor area of the building to be used as
office. Since the TGFA of a unit is only 77 sqm, 20%
is only 15.4 sqm which is too cramped. Another
limiting factor is the number of assistants that can use
the office which is not more than 3. The code also
restricts the number of guests/customers in the
access of the R-1 property. So, given these
limitations, the home office setup might not be viable.
Choice c. (entertainment), despite its broad term as to
what type of entertainment facility will be provided,
are NOT found in the principal uses in so far as the A-
1/R-1 property is concerned.
On the other hand, choice a. (recreational) can be
safely applied to the property as MOST of the
PRINCIPAL/ACCESSORY/CONDITIONAL USES
outlined in the NBCP is allowed for an A-1/R-1
development. Since in the design problem, the
developer wants to maximize his/her profit, the
recreational facilities in the cluster housing would
increase land values of the property.
Q#17. D. Warm, safe and comfortable
Another subjective question as all choices can be
correct depending on the person looking at it.
However, I will base my answer on the data given. It
states in the design problem that the project is a
CLOSELY-KNIT CLUSTER development. Having a
cluster street (i.e., dedicated access road for certain #
of lots) would mean more security. The problem also
states that the project would be EXCLUSIVE - and
this would add to the safety of the property. The
orientation of the property and sizing of lot cuts
contribute to the warmth and comfort that will be
experienced by the occupants. Since the zone is R-1,
all structures are detached creating air spaces around
the building for the natural air to circulate. The yards
would also be a good place to provide vegetation and
shading. The slope of the whole property (at 10%)
means that the end of the lot is elevated at approx.
6m from the main RROW. This means that each lot is
approx. 1.2m higher than the one in front, creating
visual connectivity to other parts of the vicinity
(especially in front).
Q#18. C. Modern with clean but textured lines
All other choices given are detail-intensive, which will
bring up the cost for design, fabrication, construction,
and installation. On the other hand, choice C can be
achieved by using very minimal details and therefore
the most economical among the choices.
Q#19. C. Horizontal
Another very subjective question as all choices can
be correct depending on the taste of the person
viewing it. Again, I will answer the question based on
data given.

On the average, the total buildable footprint of a unit

(considering 4.5m front setback and 2m side and rear
setbacks) would only be 38.5 sqm (i.e., 7m wide x
5.5m deep). At the given TGFA of a unit at 77 sqm,
this means that the proposed unit will be at 2 storeys.
Assuming a floor-to-floor height of about 3m plus
about 2m for roofing/decks/other elevation features,
the building mass of 1 house would be approximately
7m(W) x 5.5m(D) x 8m(H). As seen from the main
RROW (in front of the development), the SHORT
DEPTH of 5.5m of each house will be the main
emphasis. The whole development slopes up from
the RROW towards the end of the property: from 0.00
@ sidewalk to 6.0m @ end. This means that due to
the site's topography even the sides of the houses
behind the other house may be seen in front.
Therefore, with the visible short depths,
HORIZONTAL lines must be emphasized to CREATE
BALANCE based on the bulk of the prototype houses.

Q#20. C. 441
The question might have been phrased out-of-context
as it did not specify if the ceramic tiles will be or will
not be provided for the whole ground floor (including
or excluding the given bathroom dimensions). After
exploring all possible equations given the choices, my
answer was based on the premise that the
BATHROOM FLOORING will be a DIFFERENT tile
than the 0.30m x 0.30m ceramic tile to be used for the
other spaces of the ground floor. So,
Tile Qty. = TGFA (given in the problem) - Area of
Bathroom (given in the problem) / Area of 1 Tile
(given in the problem)
Tile Qty. = [(42.0 sqm) - (1.35m * 1.7m)] / (0.30m *
0.30m)
Tile Qty. = [(42.0 sqm) - (2.295 sqm)] / (0.09 sqm)
Tile Qty. = 39.705 sqm / 0.09 sqm
Tile Qty. = 441.11 or ABOUT 441 PCS
Q#21 to Q#30 (Project No. 01)
<<ALL ANSWERS AND ANNOTATIONS BY ARCH.
RAI BASSIG>>
<<REVIEWER/QUESTIONNAIRE - SOURCE:
UNKNOWN>>
Situation 5 - Project No. 01
Q#21. C. 0.10
Similar to Q#142!
There is insufficient data to answer the given
question. Wall thicknesses are governed by Fire-
Resistive Time Period Ratings (see IRR of PD1096,
Rule VI). Wall thickness are also dependent on the
thermal and noise reduction the occupant would want
to achieve. Then, there is also the factor if the CHB
being asked is load bearing or non-load bearing.
Preferences might also play a factor, for example, if
the occupant would want a lighter load on the upper
floors, the exterior CHB can be 4" thick for those
floors while the ground floor can be 6" thick.
However, for purposes of answering the given
question DESPITE the limited DATA given, the
COMMON PRACTICE (not a rule or a provision in the
law) is to use 6" thick CHB for the exterior walls and
to use 4" thick CHB for the interior walls. A 6" CHB
would be approx. 0.15m; while a 4" CHB would be
approx. 0.10m. The primary reason for this
"COMMON PRACTICE" is the AVAILABILITY OF
CHB PRODUCED LOCALLY. Most suppliers only
offer 4" and 6" thick CHB's. In "COMMON
PRACTICE", the 4" thick CHB is used for the interior
because it would only occupy less space (creating a
larger interior floor area), while the 6" thick CHB is
used at the exterior perimeter walls since there is a
sufficient space at the property's yards and as the
perimeter walls are exposed to environmental factors
(noise, thermal, wind, etc), the thicker CHB would be
the better option to use.
Q#22. D. 0.10
See also my explanation above (Q#21).
The project is located in an R-1 zone wherein
firewalls are prohibited. Since the perimeter property
wall's (i.e., the FENCE) purpose is just to
divide/delineate the adjacent property, it is logical to
use the minimum thickness of CHB available. This
way, there will be more open spaces at the property's
yards as compared to using thicker CHB's that will
serve no other purpose.
Q#23. A. Steep, gable-shaped metal roof on welded
steel frame
Similar to Q#112!
Choice c. and choice d. have both low-sloped roof
which, given the heavily forested site, will
gather/collect leaves, twigs, and other undesirable
materials that will impact the maintenance of such
roofing. Providing a steep roofing will eliminate this
problem. This leaves us with choice a. and choice b.
Since the question states that the budget is a
concern, choice b. will not be a good option.
Constructing a "very steep" roof will add more costs
on the roof framing. The asphalt shingle will also be
requiring an underlayment (i.e., the marine plywood)
which will be more expensive and time-consuming to
install. The best answer will be choice a. as the steep
roof solves the site problems and the material
(including the welded gable-shaped framing) solves
the budgetary concerns.
Q#24. C. Balconies
Similar to Q#113 and Q#144!
Since all of the other choices does not pertain to
usable floor areas, balconies may pose a hazard to
the occupant accessing/using it if it is near a high-
voltage transmission line.
Q#25. D. 0.15
Similar to Q#141!
See my explanation above (Q#21).
Situation 6 - Project No. 01
Q#26. A. 1.155
Similar to Q#86!
Refer to the IRR of BP 344, Appendix A, Sec. C, Item
3, Sub-Item 3.8, "DOORKNOBS AND OTHER
HARDWARE should be located BETWEEN 0.82 M.
AND 1.06 M. ABOVE THE FLOOR; 0.90 is preferred."
Q#27. A. 0.3
Similar to Q#87!
This is a very subjective question as no data is given
as to what purpose will the fixed countertop be used.
Standard countertop depths are usually at the vicinity
of about 600mm (or 0.60m), while semi-countertops
have a larger range from as low as 13" (330.2mm or
0.33m) to 18" (457.2mm or 0.46m). It all depends on
the use of the countertop. Analyzing the question, the
best answer would be the smallest (i.e., not a good
countertop depth).
acrylic painting can both be categorized under Sub-
Division 12.10.00-Art/Wall Decoration, while the
freestanding indoor sculpture can be categorized
under Sub-Division 12.14.00-Sculptures. On the other
hand, the Ceiling fan with lights is considered to be an
EQUIPMENT or an ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT,
which can be classified under Sub-Division 11.34.00-
Residential Ceiling Fan under Division 11.00.00-
EQUIPMENT or can be classified under Sub-Division
26.50.00-Lighting (since it also functions as a lighting
fixture) under Division 26.00.00-ELECTRICAL.

Q#28. D. Soap Dispenser

Note that there might be a typographical error in
choice d. as it mentions "Soup Dispenser".

All the other choices are types of equipment (either

ventilation equipment, appliance, electrical equipment
or security equipment). Choice d. SOAP dispenser is
a type of Bathroom Accessory.

Q#29. C. Wall-mounted flat TV

Choice C. IS NOT a furniture; it IS an EQUIPMENT
(more specifically, an APPLIANCE or A
COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT). As per the CSI
MasterFormat Specifications, choices a. Sofa, b.
coffee table, and d. dresser are all under Sub-Division
12.50.00-Furniture, which is categorized under
Division 12.00.00-FURNISHINGS. On the other hand,
choice c. wall-mounted flat TV may be categorized
either under Sub-Division 11.30.00-Residential
Equipment, which is under Division 11.00.00-
EQUIPMENT; or under Sub-Division 27.40.00-Audio-
Video Communications, which is under Division
27.00.00-COMMUNICATIONS.

Q#30. A. Ceiling fan with lights

As per the CSI MasterFormat Specifications, the
other choices are all under Division 12.00.00-
FURNISHINGS. The life-size wall mirror and the
Q#31 to Q#45 (Project No. 02)
<<ALL ANSWERS AND ANNOTATIONS BY ARCH.
RAI BASSIG>>
<<REVIEWER/QUESTIONNAIRE - SOURCE:
UNKNOWN>>
*****PROJECT NO. 02*****
Situation 7 - Project No. 02
Q#31. B. 7.1 to 8.1
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Table VII.G.1, under Max. R-
3 perimeters
Q#32. B. 48,600
GFA = TLA (Given) * FLAR (Q#31)
GFA = 6,000 sqm * 8.1
GFA = 48,600 sqm
Q#33. D. 58,320
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Table VII.G.2, multiplier
under Max. R-3
TGFA = GFA (Q#32) * Multiplier (Table VII.G.2)
TGFA = 48,600 sqm * 1.2
TGFA = 58,320 sqm
Q#34. D. Lobby
Refer to IRR of PD1096, RULE VII Guidelines,
Application of Development Controls, Item f.i., which
reads,
"Gross Floor Area (GFA) - the total floor
space...xxx...such as office areas, residential areas,
corridors, LOBBIES and mezzanine level/s...xxx"
Q#35. A. Basement parking area, if introduced
Refer to IRR of PD1096, RULE VII Guidelines,
Application of Development Controls, Item f.i., which
reads,
"...and the GFA EXCLUDES the following:
(a) COVERED AREAS USED FOR PARKING AND
DRIVEWAYS, services and utilities;
(b) VERTICAL PENETRATIONS in PARKING
FLOORS WHERE NO RESIDENTIAL OR OFFICE
UNITS ARE PRESENT; and...xxx"
Situation 8 - Project No. 02
Q#36. B. NorthEast (NE)
Similar to Q#6!
Note that the choices given are the actual orientation
where the Amihan wind will originate. If you plot the
project site and face the property from the main
RROW, the wind will be coming from the lower left
corner of the lot.
Q#37. A. West, SouthWest (SW) and South
Similar to Q#7!
Note that the choices given are the actual orientation
to buffer the Habagat wind at the direction such wind
will originate (i.e., Southwest). If you plot the project
site and face the property from the main RROW, the
wind will be coming from the upper right corner of the
lot.
Q#38. D. East and West
The project site, which is an interior lot, has a vacant
lot in front that faces north where the vacant lot's
frontage abuts the sidewalk of the RROW.
Q#39. A. Right and left side yards
Similar to Q#9!
If you plot the project site, the lot will have its right
and left side yards facing the eastern and western
directions (i.e., dominant sun path).
Q#40. B. SE to SW and NE to NW
Similar to Q#10!
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west,
therefore, the dominant path is east TO west. In the
Philippine setting, since the country is located just
above the equator (northern hemisphere), the sun's
solar angle for most of the year is at the southern
direction, while some months (around August-
November) the solar angle is a slightly angled coming
from the northern direction. Therefore the dominant
path is SE to SW and NE to NW.
Situation 9 - Project No. 02
Q#41. D. Basement level
Similar to Q#71!
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Sec. 802, Item 1, "The
measurement of site occupancy or lot occupancy
shall be taken AT THE GROUND LEVEL and shall be
exclusive of courts, yards, and light wells."
Also, refer to IRR of PD1096, Glossary, under
Allowable Maximum Building Footprint (AMBF), "The
maximum portion of the lot that may be occupied by
the building/structure AT GRADE LEVEL after
satisfying setback, yard and court
requirements...xxx..."
access during maintenance/sorting/clearing - all of
which must not be seen in the project lobby (which is
considered as the "front-of-the-house").
Q#45. C. Enclosures for electronic equipment
Similar to Q#75!
Although it is a toss-up between Choices b. and c.,
the electronic equipment is a graver concern than the
solid waste storage when water seepage and flooding
occurs in the basement levels.

Q#42. B. Garden mall at ground floor

Similar to Q#72!
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Sec. 802, Item 1, "The
measurement of site occupancy or lot occupancy
shall be taken at the ground level and shall be
EXCLUSIVE of COURTS, YARDS, and light wells."
Also, refer to IRR of PD1096, Glossary, under
Allowable Maximum Building Footprint (AMBF), "The
maximum portion of the lot that may be occupied by
the building/structure at grade level AFTER satisfying
setback, YARD and COURT requirements...xxx...The
AMBF is the true buildable area on which a FULLY
ENCLOSED BUILDING/STRUCTURE can be
erected. The AMBF shall EXCLUDE provisions for
COURTS AT GRADE LEVEL."

Q#43. A. Executive lounge

Since the project is an apartment building with only 2
unit-types (Studio and 1BR), the target market
strategy would be budgeted and affordable. An
executive lounge, if any, would best suit target
markets in the "executive class" level. A better
alternative for a "lounge" is choice c., which is a
clubhouse or social area. The other choices, b.
elevator lobby and service stairs, and d. utility rooms
are all necessities for the project to function.

Q#44. A. Garbage Chute

The most obvious reasons are odor, noise, and
Q#46 to Q#50 (Project No. 02)
<<ALL ANSWERS AND ANNOTATIONS BY ARCH.
RAI BASSIG>>
<<REVIEWER/QUESTIONNAIRE - SOURCE:
UNKNOWN>>
Situation 10 - Project No. 02
Q#46. A. Substantial use of masonry and some glass
In the Philippines, where construction is labor-
intensive, masonry works (regular CHB, concreting,
and plastering) will be more economical than the
specialized fabrication and installation of glass panels
and other specialty materials.
Q#47. A. Transparent glass and dark color-painted
masonry
Since the southern side is one of the hottest
orientation in the Philippine setting, the use of
transparent glass will allow direct sunlight to enter the
building, creating glare, while the dark color-paint
masonry will absorb a considerable amount of
thermal radation, both of which will lead to discomfort
of the building occupants, respectively.
Q#50. B. Glass of operable windows
This question is highly subjective as most
suppliers/manufacturers of all of the given choices
offer different periods of warranties for these products
(ranging from 5-year, 10-year, to limited lifetime
warranties). I will answer based on the data in the
question where it states "in terms of operating and
maintenance costs". 
Among the choices only the windows are "operable"
(one cannot 'operate' a waterproofing nor 'operate' a
laminate flooring). Waterproofing also came in two
choices (deck and indoor toilet), wherein choosing
one over the other would defeat the purpose that
waterproofing should have a warranty. The best
answer to the question would be windows as they are
definitely maintained from time-to-time and as stated
in the choice the windows are "operable".

Q#48. D. Dark gray and black

Depending on the material used for the deck, the
given choices of colors have the % of solar radiation
absorption:
Light Gray - Less than 40%
Medium Gray - 40% to 50%
Medium Blue - 70% to 80%
Dark Gray and Black - 80% to 100%
Source: DoE Guidelines

Q#49. D. Medium Blue Metal Roofing

Percentage of solar radiation absorption:
Light Red Polycarbonate Panels - Approx. 28% (Data
from Product Brochure)
Light Brown Metal Roofing - Approx. 30%
Dark Green Metal Roofing - Approx. 45%
Medium Blue Metal Roofing - Approx. 52%
Source: DoE Guidelines
Q#51 to Q#60 (Project No. 02)
<<ALL ANSWERS AND ANNOTATIONS BY ARCH.
RAI BASSIG>>
<<REVIEWER/QUESTIONNAIRE - SOURCE:
UNKNOWN>>
Situation 11 - Project No. 02
Q#51. A. 7.25 x 8.0
Similar to Q#52, Q#81 and Q#82!
The question did not specify what type of vehicle will
park, it also did not specify if the parking will be
perpendicular/diagonal or parallel. I answered the
question with the assumption that a car will park
perpendicularly as this is the most common parking
configuration.
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Sec. 707, Item 4, Sub-Item
b., "The size of an average automobile (car) parking
slot must be computed at 2.50 METERS by 5.00
meters for perpendicular or diagonal parking...xxx..."
Since the question is asking for the bay measurement
that will fit 3 vehicles (i.e., cars), then,
Total Min. Clear Width of Parking Bay = Width of
Parking Slot (Sec. 707.4.b) * No. of Vehicles (Given)
Total Min. Clear Width of Parking Bay = 2.50m * 3
Total Min. Clear Width of Parking Bay = 7.50m
Therefore, among the choices, the one with the
measurement that falls below the min. clear width
should not be recommended.
Q#52. A. 6.6
Similar to Q#51, Q#81 and Q#82!
See explanation in Q#51 above.
Q#53. A. Positioned near the column interior face
Similar to Q#83!
Note that there might be a typographical error in the
question as it states "overall design economy" but
mentioned "minimized" structural stability. Checking
the similar question in Q#83, it states "overall design
economy and maximized structural stability". The
"minimized" in the question should have been
"maximized" or the
word "stability" should have been changed to
"instability". My answer refers to maximized structural
stability or minimized structural instability, similar to
Q#83.
In terms of design economy, if the beam is positioned
near the column interior face so that the beam's
interior face is flushed with the column's interior face,
the effect would be:
1. Lesser and more re-usable formworks
2. Walls can be aligned so that plastering will be
easier to apply in terms of equal thickness
3. Lesser baseboard/cornice/trim cutting in so far as
working around protruding columns
4. Lesser tile/ceiling cutting in so far as working
around protruding columns
5. Lesser surface area for painting works
In terms of structural stability, since the exterior
columns are at the outer edges of the building,
supplying the beams at the interior side will shift the
load eccentricity towards the interior of the structrual
frame, where interior columns are all positioned. The
shift will also decrease the actual beam span to the
next interior column, thereby creating lesser concrete
volume (if there is a concrete slab above) or lesser
lengths of structural trusses (if roofed above).
Q#54. D. At the building perimeter
Similar to Q#84!
The question is too subjective because the answer is
dependent on the design of the roof. If the roof is
designed with a 1-slope/shed-type roofing and it
slopes from the front towards the back, the best
position of the downspouts would be at the rear of the
building. If the building has a large central courtyard
and the roof all slopes towards the center, then the
best position of the downspouts would be at the
center of the building. If the building has a firewall and
all roofing slopes towards that firewall, then the best
position of the downspouts would be along the
property wall.
However, for purposes of answering the given
question in GENERAL TERMS, I would have to
choose D. At the Building Perimeter. The main reason
is, assuming whatever roof design and roof slope a
given building mass has, the downspouts will be
located GENERALLy along the building walls which will be more expensive to produce.
(whichever location - front, side, or rear).
Q#57. B. Vinyl Strips
Q#55. A. 1.5 x 1.8 All other choices are non-resilient materials (brittle).
Similar to Q#85! Vinyl can be deformed elastically, to a certain degree,
There is NO provision in BP 344 regarding the without creating a permanent deformation or rupture.
minimum dimensions of an ELEVATOR SHAFT; only
the ELEVATOR CAR is provided which is 1.10m (W) Q#58. A. cornice moulding
x 1.40m (D) as per the IRR of BP 344, Appendix A, Millwork generally means profile sections of wood
Sec. C, Item 10, Sub-Item 10.2. Analyzing the given (but now available in plastics/synthetics) produced in
choices, the following clearances from the car to the a lumber mill. These are all generally categorized as
shaft are obtained: "Trims".
A. 1.5 x 1.8 will have 0.2m clearance all-around
B. 1.2 x 1.5 will have 0.05m clearance all-around Q#59. D. Door casing
C. 2.1 x 2.4 will have 0.5m clearance all-around Door Casings are categorized as Trims while the rest
D. 1.8 x 2.1 will have 0.35m clearance all-around of the choices are categorized as Hardware.
Also, looking at the same question in Q#85, we find
the following choices, and their corresponding Q#60. B. Halogen lamps
clearances from the car to the shaft: Halogen lamps consume considerable amount of
A. 1.5 x 1.8 will have 0.2m clearance all-around wattage as compared to the other choices, thereby
B. 1.7 x 2.0 will have 0.3m clearance all-around increasing electricity cost of the tenant/leasee.
C. 1.3 x 1.6 will have 0.15m clearance all-around
D. 1.9 x 2.2 will have 0.4m clearance all-around
Since only "1.5 x 1.8" appears on both questions, it
seems that the correct answer is 1.5 x 1.8 for the
minimum shaft dimensions (despite it not appearing in
the BP 344 as the question suggests). Therefore, the
shaft clearance from the car should be 0.2m by using
the 1.10m x 1.40m car inside the 1.5m x 1.8 shaft
dimension.

Situation 12 - Project No. 02

Q#56. C. Local marble slabs

The answer is based on economic principles. All
choices are imported materials. As such, the cost of
production, transportation, including tariffs, taxes and
importation, plus local taxes, distributor's profits and
overhead, etc., will be passed on to the consumer for
the original supplier to profit. On the other hand, if the
material to be used is sourced locally, the cost will be
cheaper than if it was produced abroad. There also is
the consideration of the material availability in case of
defects, replacement, and other occurrences, all of
 Q#61 to Q#75 (Project No. 03)
<<ALL ANSWERS AND ANNOTATIONS BY ARCH.
RAI BASSIG>>
<<REVIEWER/QUESTIONNAIRE - SOURCE:
UNKNOWN>>
*****PROJECT NO. 03*****
Situation 13 - Project No. 03
Q#61. D. 1 parking slot : 2 units
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Table VII.4. Division E-2 for
18sqm-40sqm units
Q#62. D. 1 parking slot : 1 unit
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Table VII.4. Division E-2 for
41sqm-70sqm units
Q#63. C. 3.7
Refer to IRR of BP344, Appendix A, Sec. B, Item 1,
Sub-Item 1.4, "Accessible parking slots should have a
minimum width of 3.70M."
Q#64. A. 0.80
Refer to IRR of BP344, Appendix A, Sec. C, Item 3,
Sub-Item 3.1, "ALL DOORS shall have a minimum
clear width of 0.80M."
Also, refer to IRR of BP344, Illustrations of Min.
Requirements, Sec. C, Item 10, Sub-Item 10.2,
showing a detailed plan of an accessible elevator with
minimum dimensions of 1.10m x 1.40m and an
elevator door min. width of 0.80M.
Q#65. C. 1.70
Refer to IRR of BP344, Appendix A, Sec. C, Item 8,
Sub-Item 8.2, "Accessible water closet stalls shall
have a minimum area of 1.70 x 1.80 MTS...xxx..."
Also, refer to IRR of BP344, Illustrations of Min.
Requirements, Min. Water Closet Stall Dimensions
showing a detailed plan of an accessible water closet
stall with minimum WIDTH of 1.70M and minimum
DEPTH of 1.80m.
Situation 14 - Project No. 03
Q#66. C. 5%
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Table VIII.1. Min. USA,
under Commercial C-3
Q#67. C. 100 sqm
Min. USA = TLA (Given) * Min. % USA (Table VIII.1)
Min. USA = 2,000 sqm * 0.05
Min. USA = 100 sqm
Q#68. C. 15%
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Table VIII.1. Max. ISA,
under Commercial C-3, without firewalls
Q#69. D. 300 sqm
Max. Allow. ISA = TLA (Given) * Max. % ISA (Table
VIII.1)
Max. Allow. ISA = 2,000 sqm * 0.15
Max. Allow. ISA = 300 sqm
The question did NOT specify if with or without
firewall. IRR of PD1096, Table VIII.1 under C-3 shows
15% ISA if without firewalls and 5% ISA if with
firewalls. I chose 15% because of 2 reasons: 1) this
question MIGHT be related to Q#68 wherein the
question specifically asks for the Max. ISA WITHOUT
firewalls; and, 2) if I will compute the next question
(Q#70) assuming there is a firewall (i.e., I will be
using 5% as Max. ISA and 10% as Min. USA for a
total of 15% ISA + USA), none of the given choices
corresponds to that percentage.
Q#70. C. 400 sqm
Max. Allow. ISA + Min. USA = TLA (Given) * TOSL %
(Table VIII.1)
Max. Allow. ISA + Min. USA = 2,000 sqm * 0.20
Max. Allow. ISA + Min. USA = 400 sqm
Note that choices A, B, and D are 135 sqm, 535 sqm,
and 270 sqm, respectively. The percentage would be
6.75%, 26.75%, and 13.5% - all of these values are
not found in Table VIII.1 of the IRR of PD1096.
Situation 14 - Project No. 03
(Note there are 2 Situation #14)

Q#71. B. Basement level
Similar to Q#41!
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Sec. 802, Item 1, "The
measurement of site occupancy or lot occupancy
shall be taken AT THE GROUND LEVEL and shall be
exclusive of courts, yards, and light wells."
Also, refer to IRR of PD1096, Glossary, under
Allowable Maximum Building Footprint (AMBF), "The
maximum portion of the lot that may be occupied by
the building/structure AT GRADE LEVEL after
satisfying setback, yard and court
requirements...xxx..."
could shy away higher offers for rent rates of the
units).
Q#74. B. Driver lounge
Since the project requirements is given that the
podium level will have covered parking, it is best that
the driver lounge be located near said parking area
for quick access and visual security of the vehicle.
The ground floor level of the podium usually houses
the main lobby and the reception, while the parking
spaces are usually
located either at the basement or the upper levels of
the podium.

Q#72. C. Patio at ground floor Q#75. C. Enclosures for electronic equipment

Similar to Q#42! Similar to Q#45!
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Sec. 802, Item 1, "The Although it is a toss-up between Choices c. and d.,
measurement of site occupancy or lot occupancy the electronic equipment is a graver concern than the
shall be taken at the ground level and shall be solid waste storage when water seepage and flooding
EXCLUSIVE of COURTS, YARDS, and light wells." occurs in the basement levels.
Also, refer to IRR of PD1096, Glossary, under
Allowable Maximum Building Footprint (AMBF), "The
maximum portion of the lot that may be occupied by
the building/structure at grade level AFTER satisfying
setback, YARD and COURT requirements...xxx...The
AMBF is the true buildable area on which a FULLY
ENCLOSED BUILDING/STRUCTURE can be
erected. The AMBF shall EXCLUDE provisions for
COURTS AT GRADE LEVEL."

Q#73. C. Workshop and carpentry room

Choice c. is a service area and should be located on
other parts of the project (such as the podium parking
or basement levels) due to access, noise, and spatial
concerns. A workshop/carpentry room will take up a
considerable amount of space due to storage of
materials. Note that the tower component will house
the Office-Condominium Units. If a large service area
(which is non-saleable) will be located at the tower
component, a large amount of space for
saleable/leasable units will have to be sacrificed.
Consider also that Office-Condo units adjacent to the
workshop/carpentry room will have to deal with noise
and unsightly delivery of materials (which in turn
Q#76 to Q#80 (Project No. 03) accordion doors given in the choices that will take
<<ALL ANSWERS AND ANNOTATIONS BY ARCH. more effort to operate and might result in
RAI BASSIG>> bottlenecking). The glass material will also
<<REVIEWER/QUESTIONNAIRE - SOURCE: complement the structure as the use of the building is
UNKNOWN>> office-condominium.

Situation 16 - Project No. 03 Q#80. B. 2.70

(Note there are no Situation #15 probably due to 2
Situation #14's)
Q#76. C. Construction timetable
Similar to Q#136!
Choice c., although a concern in the construction
stage of the project in so far as the use of materials,
operations, and sustainability (i.e., the longer the time
schedule of construction, the higher the energy
consumed), it is the best answer among the given
choices as it does not directly affect the operation of
the actual building AFTER it has been constructed.
Q#77. C. Hand-cut natural stone
Similar to Q#137!
The embodied energy in producing the listed choices
are as follows:
High-Pressure Laminate Flooring - 11 to 12 MJ/kg
Baked Clay Tile - 6.5 MJ/kg
Hand-Cut Natural Stone - 0.1 to 2.0 MJ/kg
Ceramic Tiles - 12 MJ/kg
Similar to Q#139 and Q#140!
In this question, there MIGHT be a typographical error
as the sought distance from the FFL is not specified
as to where it will be measured. I can safely assume
that it is seeking for the distance from the FFL to the
"ceiling" since a similar question appears in Q#139
and Q#140.
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Sec. 805, Item 1, "Habitable
rooms provided with artificial ventilation shall have
ceiling heights not less than 2.40 meters measured
from floor to the ceiling...xxx...Above-stated rooms
WITH NATURAL VENTILATION shall have ceiling
heights of NOT LESS THAN 2.70 METERS."

Q#78. C. Polycarbonate Sheet

Similar to Q#138!
The embodied energy in producing the listed choices
are as follows:
Plywood - 15 MJ/kg
Recycled cardboard egg crate - 23 MJ/kg
Polycarbonate Sheet - 113 MJ/kg
Gypsum Board - 6.75 MJ/kg

Q#79. D. Quadruple leaf swing/glass

Since the project is a medium-rise building having a
large Gross Floor Area (i.e., high traffic with high
occupancy volume), the quadruple leaf swing door
will be the most suitable considering ease of access
and fire safety (as compared to sliding, revolving, and
Q#81 to Q#90 (Project No. 03)
<<ALL ANSWERS AND ANNOTATIONS BY ARCH.
RAI BASSIG>>
<<REVIEWER/QUESTIONNAIRE - SOURCE:
UNKNOWN>>
Situation 17 - Project No. 03
Q#81. B. 7.25 x 8.0
Similar to Q#51, Q#52 and Q#82!
The question did not specify what type of vehicle will
park, it also did not specify if the parking will be
perpendicular/diagonal or parallel. I answered the
question with the assumption that a car will park
perpendicularly as this is the most common parking
configuration.
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Sec. 707, Item 4, Sub-Item
b., "The size of an average automobile (car) parking
slot must be computed at 2.50 METERS by 5.00
meters for perpendicular or diagonal parking...xxx..."
Since the question is asking for the bay measurement
that will fit 3 vehicles (i.e., cars), then,
Total Min. Clear Width of Parking Bay = Width of
Parking Slot (Sec. 707.4.b) * No. of Vehicles (Given)
Total Min. Clear Width of Parking Bay = 2.50m * 3
Total Min. Clear Width of Parking Bay = 7.50m
Therefore, among the choices, the one with the
measurement that falls below the min. clear width
should not be recommended.
Q#82. C. 4.6
Similar to Q#51, Q#52 and Q#81!
Since the question is asking for the bay measurement
that will fit 2 vehicles (i.e., cars), then,
Total Min. Clear Width of Parking Bay = Width of
Parking Slot (Sec. 707.4.b) * No. of Vehicles (Given)
Total Min. Clear Width of Parking Bay = 2.50m * 2
Total Min. Clear Width of Parking Bay = 5.00m
Therefore, among the choices, the one with the
measurement that falls below the min. clear width
should not be recommended.
See explanation in Q#81 above.
Q#83. C. Positioned near the column interior face
Similar to Q#53!
In terms of design economy, if the beam is positioned
near the column interior face so that the beam's
interior face is flushed with the column's interior face,
the effect would be:
1. Lesser and more re-usable formworks
2. Walls can be aligned so that plastering will be
easier to apply in terms of equal thickness
3. Lesser baseboard/cornice/trim cutting in so far as
working around protruding columns
4. Lesser tile/ceiling cutting in so far as working
around protruding columns
5. Lesser surface area for painting works
In terms of structural stability, since the exterior
columns are at the outer edges of the building,
supplying the beams at the interior side will shift the
load eccentricity towards the interior of the structrual
frame, where interior columns are all positioned. The
shift will also decrease the actual beam span to the
next interior column, thereby creating lesser concrete
volume (if there is a concrete slab above) or lesser
lengths of structural trusses (if roofed above).
Q#84. B. At the exposed exterior faces of columns
(and positioned farthest outside the architectural
cladding)
Similar to Q#54!
In terms of maintenance of downspouts, all concealed
downspouts are impossible to replace without
demolishing the portion that conceals the pipe.
Therefore, among the choices, choice c. Enclosed by
CHB, and choice d. Inside the columns, can be
immediately eliminated.
Between choice a. and b., which are both exposed,
choice a. At the exposed sides of columns (and
positioned nearest but outside the architectural
cladding) will have longer pipe lengths coming from
the leaders of the gutter towards the downspouts.
Therefore, in terms of design economy, choice b. is
the best answer as the downspout distance from the
gutter is shorter (and, consequently, the distance from
the downspout to the underground catch basin, if any,
or drainage pipe, will also be shorter).
Q#85. A. 1.5 x 1.8
Similar to Q#55!
There is NO provision in BP 344 regarding the
minimum dimensions of an ELEVATOR SHAFT; only
the ELEVATOR CAR is provided which is 1.10m (W)
x 1.40m (D) as per the IRR of BP 344, Appendix A,
Sec. C, Item 10, Sub-Item 10.2. Analyzing the given
choices, the following clearances from the car to the
shaft are obtained:
A. 1.5 x 1.8 will have 0.2m clearance all-around
B. 1.7 x 2.0 will have 0.3m clearance all-around
C. 1.3 x 1.6 will have 0.15m clearance all-around
D. 1.9 x 2.2 will have 0.4m clearance all-around
Also, looking at the same question in Q#55, we find
the following choices, and their corresponding
clearances from the car to the shaft:
A. 1.5 x 1.8 will have 0.2m clearance all-around
B. 1.2 x 1.5 will have 0.05m clearance all-around
C. 2.1 x 2.4 will have 0.5m clearance all-around
D. 1.8 x 2.1 will have 0.35m clearance all-around
Since only "1.5 x 1.8" appears on both questions, it
seems that the correct answer is 1.5 x 1.8 for the
minimum shaft dimensions (despite it not appearing in
the BP 344 as the question suggests). Therefore, the
shaft clearance from the car should be 0.2m by using
the 1.10m x 1.40m car inside the 1.5m x 1.8 shaft
dimension.
Situation 18 - Project No. 03
Q#86. A. 1.17
Similar to Q#26!
Refer to the IRR of BP 344, Appendix A, Sec. C, Item
3, Sub-Item 3.8, "DOORKNOBS AND OTHER
HARDWARE should be located BETWEEN 0.82 M.
AND 1.06 M. ABOVE THE FLOOR; 0.90 is preferred."
Q#87. A. 0.35
Similar to Q#27!
This is a very subjective question as no data is given
as to what purpose will the fixed countertop be used.
Standard countertop depths are usually at the vicinity
of about 600mm (or 0.60m), while semi-countertops
have a larger range from as low as 13" (330.2mm or
0.33m) to 18" (457.2mm or 0.46m). It all depends on
the use of the countertop. Analyzing the question, the
best answer would be the smallest (i.e., not a good
countertop depth).
Q#88. C. 7.5 and D. 7.5
Since it is given that the smallest office unit is 30 sqm
in area, then,
Depth = Area (given in problem) / Width (given in
question)
Depth = 30 sqm / 4.0 m
Depth = 7.5m
Q#89. B. 334
Note that the question may contain typographical
error as the size of the vinyl tile reads "0.30m by
2.5mm thick". Since "tiles" and not "strips" are used,
the 0.30m measurement in the question MIGHT refer
to BOTH the tile's length and width (i.e., the tile is
square-shaped). Also, Q#90 mentions the same tile at
0.30m x 0.30m x 2.5mm thick.
In relation to Q#88,
Tile Qty. = Area of Unit (given in problem) / Area of
Tile (given in question)
Tile Qty. = 30 sqm / (0.3m * 0.3m)
Tile Qty. = 30 sqm / 0.09 sqm
Tile Qty. = 333.33 or 334 PCS.
Q#90. B. 331
In relation to Q#89,
Tile Qty. = Area of Unit (given in question) / Area of
Tile (given in question)
Tile Qty. = (3.5m * 8.5m) / (0.3m * 0.3m)
Tile Qty. = 29.75 sqm / 0.09 sqm
Tile Qty. = 330.55 or 331 PCS.
Q#91 to Q#104 (Project No. 04)
<<ALL ANSWERS AND ANNOTATIONS BY ARCH.
RAI BASSIG>>
<<REVIEWER/QUESTIONNAIRE - SOURCE:
UNKNOWN>>
*****PROJECT NO. 04*****
Situation 19 - Project No. 04
Q#91. C. 2.5
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Table VII.G.1, under
Institutional
Q#92. C. 20,000
GFA = TLA (Given) * FLAR (Q#91)
GFA = 8,000 sqm * 2.5
GFA = 20,000 sqm
Q#93. B. Not Stated
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Table VII.G.2
There is no mention of the conversion of GFA to
TGFA for Institutional Use/Occupancy. Among the
other given choices, 33% are for R-1, C-3, I-2, I-3 and
UTS only; 25% are for C-2 and I-1 only; and, 20% are
for Basic R-2, Basic R-3, R-4 and C-1 only.
Q#94. C. Lobby
Similar to Q#34!
Refer to IRR of PD1096, RULE VII Guidelines,
Application of Development Controls, Item f.i., which
reads,
"Gross Floor Area (GFA) - the total floor
space...xxx...such as office areas, residential areas,
corridors, LOBBIES and mezzanine level/s...xxx"
Q#95. A. Cooling tower area, if introduced
Similar to Q#35!
Refer to IRR of PD1096, RULE VII Guidelines,
Application of Development Controls, Item f.i., which
reads,
"...and the GFA EXCLUDES the following:
...xxx...(c) Uncovered areas for helipads, AIR-
CONDITIONING COOLING TOWERS or air-
conditioning condensing unit (ACCU) balconies,
overhead water tanks,...xxx"
Situation 20 - Project No. 04
Q#96. B. General Institutional
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Table VII.1, under Group C
and Group D Use/Occupancy
Q#97. NONE OF THE CHOICES (i.e., ALL ARE
ZONED AS G.I.)
As per the IRR of PD 1096, Table VII.1, there are 2
types of G.I. zones:
1) FOR GROUP C, "GI (General Institutional) - a
community to national level of institutional use or
occupancy, characterized mainly as low-rise,
medium-rise or high-rise building/structure for
EDUCATIONAL, TRAINING and related activities,
e.g., SCHOOLS and RELATED FACILITIES and the
like."
2) FOR GROUP D, "GI (General Institutional) - a
community to national level of institutional use or
occupancy, characterized mainly as low-rise,
medium-rise or high-rise building/structure for
MEDICAL, government service, administrative and
related activities, e.g., HOSPITALS and RELATED
HEALTH CARE FACILITIES, government offices,
military, police and correctional buildings and the
like."
Choice a. (Children's hospital) falls under the
Principal Group D-2 Use/GI-Zone
Choice b. (Orphanage) falls under the Principal Group
D-3 Use/GI-Zone and the Accessory Group D-1
Use/GI-Zone
Choice c. (Dance School) falls under the Principal
Group C-2 Use/GI-Zone
Choice d. (Kindergarten School) falls under the
Principal Group C-1 Use/GI-Zone
Therefore, ALL of the given choices ARE PRINCIPAL
USES permitted for a GI Zoning Classification!
Q#98. C. Vocational training center
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Table VII.1, under Group C-
2, Accessory Use, Item 2, "Colleges, universities,
professional business schools, VOCATIONAL AND
TRADE SCHOOLS, technical schools and other
institutions of higher learning" and under Group D-1,
Accessory Use, Item 2, "Rehabilitation and
VOCATIONAL TRAINING CENTER for ex-convicts,
drug addicts, unwed mothers, physically, mentally
and emotionally handicapped, ex-sanitaria inmates,
and similar establishments."
Q#99. B. Institutional
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Table VII.1. Although it is
important to note that GI Zoning, apart from Group D
(Institutional - Government and Health Services), also
includes Group C (Education and Recreation). Among
the given choices, A. Recreational MAY also be a
correct answer. However, I selected B. Institutional for
2 reasons: 1) The description of GI related to Group C
are "characterized mainly...xxx... for EDUCATIONAL,
training and related activities...xxx"; and, 2) The given
problem of the project is a low-rise national
GOVERNMENT office.
Q#100. C. Turn court lot
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Figure VIII.8, Table VIII.G.6,
and Table VIII.G.7. The rest of the choices are all
typical lot types.
Situation 21 - Project No. 04
Q#101. A. Executive Lounge
An executive lounge, although an amenity by itself,
would not be appropriate as an amenity for this
particular project (Government Building). Executive
lounges cater to a select few, usually the so-called
"elite" or "upper-classes", which would be unfair to the
rest of the community whose tax money also
contributed to the construction of the building. A multi-
purpose room would be more appropriate to be used
as a lounge room or for other purposes in case
dignitaries or special guests would visit the LGU.
Mini-conference rooms are also suitable for meetings,
discussions, hearings, etc. The interdenominational
worship room is actually a perk in a government
building as the LGU acknowledges the needs of its
diverse demographics (in so far as religion is
concerned) that everyone should have a fair share
and equal rights, despite differences in faith, in
working towards a common goal in the service of the
community under God (as promulgated in the
Philippine Constitution). 
Unlike the executive lounge which is exclusive, all the
other choices are diverse and inclusive.
Q#102. A. Gym
Note that there are two Q#102's.
Both Covered Parking and Multi-Purpose Rooms are
required for the Government Building to function as
both areas are a necessity in the general use of the
structure (the covered parking for
transportation/accessibility and the multi-purpose
rooms for meetings/events/etc.). Daycare centers are
required in every baranggay as per law and they are
operated by the LGU through DSWD. The inclusion of
a daycare center in the project would also
acknowledge the LGU's commitment in providing for
the basic education of children (especially for the
poor). The best answer among the given choices is
the gym, which is geared only to a select few, while
not serving as a basic requirement when compared
with the other choices.
Q#102. A. Electrical room
Note that there are two Q#102's. Similar to Q#13 and
Q#133!
The Electrical room pertains to a utility provision
(Electrical).
Q#103. C. Guard locker and shower
Similar to Q#14 and Q#134!
The other choices, Cistern, Transformer Room, and
STP all pertain to utility provisions (Plumbing,
Electrical, and Sanitary Utilities, respectively).
Q#104. C. Covered parking slots and fire reserve
tanks
Similar to Q#15 and Q#135!
Although the choices are very subjective, the main
reason why choice C was selected as the best
answer is due to accessibility and maintenance
concerns. All of the other choices are suitable to be
located close to each other. Although a case can be
made regarding choice A that has the words "service
stairs" and "fire escapes" leading to a false conclusion
that there will be "2 stairs close to each other" and will
be redundant. However, the term "fire escapes" are
not limited to stairs alone. Fire escapes can be either
exit balconies, exit openings, exit corridors, and any
other form of egress during the occurrence of fire.
Choice C is the most uncommon spatial
interrelationship. If the fire reserve tanks are located
at the roof deck of a high-rise building, it is impractical
and illogical that covered parking slots will be located
there. In case the tanks are located in a basement or
a low-rise building, access during servicing would be
hindered when vehicles are parked close to the
reserve tanks.
Q#105 to Q#114 (Project No. 04)
<<ALL ANSWERS AND ANNOTATIONS BY ARCH.
RAI BASSIG>>
<<REVIEWER/QUESTIONNAIRE - SOURCE:
UNKNOWN>>
Situation 22 - Project No. 04
Q#105. A. Space planning and operations survey
Since the project is a national government office, prior
to drafting the schematic designs, an analysis of the
operational component must be performed for the
said office. This is usually part of the Pre-Design
Services wherein Space Management Studies based
on ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE and
FUNCTIONAL SET-UP will serve as basis for the
development of the architectural plan/design (refer to
SPP Doc. 201, Item 2.9). In space planning, the
adequate sizes and appropriate configuration and
assemblage for a proposed project is determined.
However, this can only be done mainly through
PRIMARY DATA GATHERING such as
INTERVIEWS, CONSULTATIONS, INTERFACES,
FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS, SPACE PLANNING
SURVEYS, SPACE AUDITS, etc. (refer to SPP Doc.
201, Item 2.8).
Q#106. A. Zoning ordinance
The Zoning ordinance is the local law SPECIFIC to
the Local Government Unit. PD 1096 and its IRR are
national laws.
Q#107. A. Technical Specifications
The Technical Specifications is done during Contract
Documentation of the project, i.e., AFTER all designs
have been finalized in preparation for the construction
of the project.
Q#108. B. Drainage canal slope and direction
Choice b. is a form of Civil Work that ONLY
INDIRECTLY AFFECTS the architectural design
consideration for the project as compared to the other
given choices.
Q#109. C. Wall Hangings
Wall Hangings are forms of furnishing/decoration
(under CSI Master Specification Division 12.00.00-
FURNISHINGS) that ONLY INDIRECTLY AFFECTS
the architectural design consideration for the project
as compared to the other given choices.
Situation 23 - Project No. 04
Q#110. B. 1.3 x 1.3
The question cannot be directly answered without
accepting assumptions (which are risky). In sizing
columns, factors such as the height of the column, the
total # of storeys, the total loads per area, and the
column material must be considered as a minimum.
None of these factors are given in the problem.
However, based on PRELIMINARY SIZING and
calculated ASSUMPTIONS, a very rough sizing can
be achieved.
Since the problem is a LOW-RISE government
building, the # of storeys will be assumed at the
maximum permitted by the NBCP, which is 5 storeys
@ 15 meters total BHL (refer to IRR of PD 1096,
Glossary, under Height of Building, Low-Rise, and
IRR of PD 1096, Table VII.2).
The tributary area that the column will be supporting
including the floors above it can be computed on the
basis of the given beam span of 8.5m to 10.0m.
Based on preliminary column sizing studies
considering seismic factors by U.Ersoy, the minimum
column cross-sectional area can be determined
using:
Cross-Sectional Column Area > 0.0015*(Sum of
Tributary Area Over All Floors)
Since beam spans are given, the tributary areas
(assuming all columns are interior columns) would be
from (8.5m * 8.5m = 72.25 sqm) to (10m * 10m =
100sqm) per floor.
Assuming that the government building will have 5
floors (with basement as given in the problem), this
means that the ground floor column will be carrying
5x the tributary areas of the floors above it.
So, the minimum column area for the ground floor
(using the max. beam span of 10m) will be:
Cross-Sectional Column Area > 0.0015*(Sum of
Tributary Area Over All Floors)
Cross-Sectional Column Area > 0.0015*(5 floors *
100 sqm)
Cross-Sectional Column Area > 0.0015*(500 sqm)
Cross-Sectional Column Area > 0.75 sqm
Among the choices, the corresponding cross-
sectional column areas are as follows:
Choice a (1.7m x 1.7) is 2.89 sqm
Choice b (1.3m x 1.3m) is 1.69 sqm
Choice c (0.7m x 0.7m) is 0.49 sqm
Choice d (1.9m x 1.9m) is 3.61 sqm
Therefore, the best answer among the given choices
would be B. 1.3m x 1.3m for the G/F columns.
Q#111. B. 0.8 x 0.8
See my explanation in Q#110 above (assuming the
government building is 5 storeys in height).
Cross-Sectional Column Area > 0.0015*(Sum of
Tributary Area Over All Floors)
Cross-Sectional Column Area > 0.0015*(2 floors *
100 sqm)
Cross-Sectional Column Area > 0.0015*(200 sqm)
Cross-Sectional Column Area > 0.30 sqm
Among the choices, the corresponding cross-
sectional column areas are as follows:
Choice a (1.2m x 1.2m) is 1.44 sqm
Choice b (0.8m x 0.8m) is 0.64 sqm
Choice c (1.5m x 1.5m) is 2.25 sqm
Choice d (0.5m x 0.5m) is 0.25 sqm
Therefore, the best answer among the given choices
would be B. 0.8m x 0.8m for the 4/F columns.
Q#112. D. Steep gable roof
Similar to Q#23!
All the other given choices have low-sloped roof
which, given the forested site, will gather/collect
leaves, twigs, and other undesirable materials that will
impact the maintenance of such roofing. Providing a
steep roofing will eliminate this problem.
Q#113. C. 2.4 meter deep canopy
Similar to Q#24 and Q#144!
A very subjective question with very vague choices.
The question does not mention of other data such as
location of the structure in the hillside, the orientation,
slope, etc. All of the choices seems to be feasible.
However, since an answer should be chosen, I will
analyze based on certain assumptions.
Choice a (1.2m deep balconies) might be unsuitable if
it is oriented towards the hillside (view is blocked and
debris from the hill's sloped might fall directly into the
balcony which is accessible to occupants. However, if
the balcony is oriented outwards the hill, there will be
good vista and no danger from falling debris.
Choice b (2.4m deep eaves) will be benefitial
especially if the eaves are oriented outwards the hill
and if the sunpath is located in that direction.
However, the benefits of having deep eaves is more
geared toward protecting window openings from
rainwater. The 2.4m depth would be easily carried by
the structural framing of the roofing, as the eave
framing is supposedly continuous to the structural
trusses above.
Choice c (2.4m deep canopy) might be unsuitable
considering that a canopy is generally defined as a
roofed structure attached to the building (i.e.,
UNSUPPORTED/CANTILEVERED). Although deep
canopies provide a lot of advantages in so far as
weatherproofing and sun-breaking are concerned, the
2.4m unsupported depth might pose danger during
soil movement/earthquakes.
Choice d (0.3m deep sun-breaker) might seem to be
too shallow but it will depend on the installation and
orientation (vertical or horizontal). If one calculates
the correct sun-path, even the shallowest of sun-
breakers will be effective if such are angled correctly
to block the direct sun angle.
So, with the above observations, the best answer to
the very subjective question would have to be the
2.4m deep canopy (as NOT suitable for hillside
project).
Q#114. D. Windbreakers and sun-breakers
Similar to Q#145!
Windbreakers and sun-breakers should be introduced
due to the high altitude and presence of high wind
velocities at the location of the project.
Q#115 to Q#119 (Project No. 04)
<<ALL ANSWERS AND ANNOTATIONS BY ARCH.
RAI BASSIG>>
<<REVIEWER/QUESTIONNAIRE - SOURCE:
UNKNOWN>>
Situation 24 - Project No. 04
Q#115. A. Wood or wood substitutes
The question is very subjective since sound/noise
control of materials are dependent on the material's
mass/thickness and assembly. The given choices
offer no data as to how thick the materials are and
how many layers will it have, including its framework
or cavity wall, if any. The sound transmission is also
dependent on the frequency of the sound, which is
also not given in the question. However, I answered
the question using the average transmission loss of
all possible materials that would fit the description of
the given choices.
The transmission loss (TL), at an average TL of Noise
Frequencies from 63Hz to 8,000Hz, of the given
choices:
"WOOD OR WOOD SUBSTITUTES"
3/4" chipboard sheet on wood framework - TL @ 25
1/4" plywood sheets on wood framework - TL @
19.25
1/2" plywood sheets on wood framework - TL @
17.83
2" hardwood (mahogany) panel - TL @ 29.63
"TEXTURED-PAINTED MASONRY"
4" CHB, painted - TL @ 41.38
"METAL WITH TEXTURED SURFACE"
1.2mm thk. fluted steel panels, stiff edges, joints
sealed - TL @ 27.13
1.2mm thk. galvanized steel sheet - TL @ 26.25
0.9mm thk. galvanized steel sheet - TL @ 22.63
"SMOOTH GLASS"
1/4" single glass in heavy frame - TL @ 26.63
3/8" single glass in heavy frame - TL @ 30.13
5/8" single glass in heavy frame - TL @ 33.38
1" single glass in heavy frame - TL @ 36.25
1/2" laminated glass - TL @ 41.14
Source: Engineering Noise Control: Theory and
Practice by D.A. Bies and C.H. Hansen
Q#116. D. 0.2 and 0.25
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Sec. 1207, Item 5, Sub-Item
b., "Rise and Run. The rise of every step in a stairway
shall not exceed 200 MILLIMETERS and the run shall
not be less than 250 MILLIMETERS...xxx"
Q#117. A. 1.2
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Sec. 1207, Item 3, Sub-Item
d., "Door Leaf Width. No leaf of an exit door shall
exceed 1.20 METERS in width."
Q#118. D. 28
Acoustic Ceiling Board Qty. = [Area of Room (given) /
Area of Board (given)] - Area of Light Troffers (given)
Acoustic Ceiling Board Qty. = [(4.0m * 6.1m) / (0.61m
* 1.22m)] - 6 * (0.61m * 1.22m)
Acoustic Ceiling Board Qty. = [24.4 sqm / 0.7422
sqm] - 6 * 0.7422 sqm
Acoustic Ceiling Board Qty. = 32.8752 pcs - 4.4532
pcs
Acoustic Ceiling Board Qty. = Approx. 28 PCS
Q#119. C. 20.2
The question might have some typographical error
since a "T-runner angle section" would imply the use
of the MAIN T-RUNNERS across the grid of the
whole ceiling surface. This means that the quantity of
Main T-Runners would be greater than the given
choices. Since all the choices are low in quantity, it
may be possible that the question is asking for the
"Wall Angles" which are "L-shaped" and installed only
along the perimeter walls where the T-Runner-
Framed Ceiling will be mounted. 
Therefore,
"T-runner angle section" (i.e., WALL ANGLES) Qty. =
Room Perimeter (all side lengths are given)
"T-runner angle section" (i.e., WALL ANGLES) Qty. =
4.0m + 4.0m + 6.1m + 6.1m
"T-runner angle section" (i.e., WALL ANGLES) Qty. =
20.2 LINEAR METERS.
Q#120 to Q#130 (Project No. 05)
<<ALL ANSWERS AND ANNOTATIONS BY ARCH.
RAI BASSIG>>
<<REVIEWER/QUESTIONNAIRE - SOURCE:
UNKNOWN>>
*****PROJECT NO. 05*****
Situation 25 - Project No. 05
Q#120. C. 70% of TLA
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Table VIII.1, under
Industrial-3, without firewall.
Q#121. C. 8
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Table VIII.3, under 30.00 &
above RROW Width.
Q#122. B. 5
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Table VIII.3, under 30.00 &
above RROW Width AND under Below 10.00 RROW
Width.
Since the lot is bounded by 3 roads, the "side
setback" the question pertains to is technically
ANOTHER FRONT SETBACK/YARD in respect to
the 6-m Minor RROW's. This means that the front
setback of the 6-m RROW is the same as the "side
setback" of the 30-m RROW. Therefore, the
appropriate setback should be used in accordance
with Table VIII.3. If there are discrepancies, then, as
always, the more stringent shall prevail.
As per code, the "side setback" with respect to the 30-
m RROW must be 5m, while the "front setback" with
respect to the 6-m RROW must be 5m. Since the
values are the same, we use 5m as the appropriate
setback to answer the question.
Q#123. D. 5
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Table VIII.3, under 30.00 &
above RROW Width.
See also my explanation in Q#122 as the same
situation applies for the "side" which may also be
treated as the "rear" depending on the reference
RROW of the particular project.
Q#124. D. 65m x 107m = 6,955sqm
In plotting the lot and using the appropriate setbacks
as per Table VIII.3 and my answers in Q#121, Q#122,
and Q#123, the direct answer to the question about
the footprint dimensions would be B. 70m x 112m =
7,840 sqm. This was computed with the given lot
dimensions of 80m(W) x 125m(D) then subtracting
the required setbacks of 8m (front) and 5m (sides and
rear): 80m(W) - 5m - 5m = 70m(Bldg. Width) and
125m(D) - 8m - 5m = 112m(Bldg. Depth).
However, referring to Figure VII.7. (illustration of a
Corner Lot Abutting 3 or More Streets, Alleys, Rivers,
etc.), it is mentioned in the code that "5% open space
for all group occupancies" must be provided. This
means that according to Figure VII.7, the maximum
buildable area would be 95% for this particular type of
lot. 
Since the given total lot area (TLA) is 10,000 sqm,
then the maximum buildable area to comply with the
5% open space is: 10,000 sqm * 0.95 = 9,500sqm.
On the other hand, referring to Table VIII.1 and my
answer in Q#120, it is found that the Maximum
Allowable Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO) is
70% of the Total Lot Area (TLA) for this particular
building occupancy/zone (I-3). This means that as per
Table VIII.1, the maximum buildable area would be:
10,000 sqm * 0.70 = 7,000sqm.
Now, we have computed 3 different values all in
accordance with the IRR of PD 1096 (as per Table
VIII.3, as per Figure VII.7, and as per Table VIII.1).
According to Sec. 803, Item 2, "...xxx... In case of
DISCREPANCY between the SPECIFIED MAXIMUM
ALLOWABLE PSO and the OTHER LIGHT AND
VENTILATION PROVISIONS under this Rule, the
resulting LESSER building/structure footprint or gross
floor area at the ground floor (or at grade level) MUST
PREVAIL." Also, according to Sec. 804, Item 11, "In
case of CONFLICT in the provisions on lighting and
ventilation under this Rule or under the Code, the
MORE STRINGENT restriction MUST PREVAIL."
Moreover, according to Sec. 704, Item 4, Sub-Item a,
"The following rules shall be observed in the
determination of the Allowable Maximum Building
Footprint (AMBF) for buildings and related habitable
structures. If the rules are COMPARED with (1) Rule
VIII Table VIII.1 - Reference Table on Percentage of
Site Occupancy and Maximum Allowable
Construction Area (MACA); (2) Rule VIII Tables VIII.2
and VIII.3 (setbacks, yards, and courts); OR (3) with
the applicable stipulations under this Rule and with
the applicable stipulations of the FIRE CODE, the
MORE STRINGENT BUT APPLICABLE
REGULATION out of the aforementioned rules
SHOULD BE OBSERVED."
So, with the 3 different values I have computed
above, the least footrpint area or the most stringent
shall govern. Therefore, the maximum building
footprint sought by the question should be 7,000 sqm
as per Table VIII.1 (NOT 7,840 sqm as per Table
VIII.3 NOR 9,500 sqm as per Figure VII.7).
Among the given choices in the question, since 7,000
sqm is the maximum footprint, only choice A. 64m x
109m = 6,796sqm and choice D. 65m x 107m = 6,955
sqm CONFORMS WITH THE NBCP. Choice B. and
Choice C. VIOLATES THE CODE.
Situation 26 - Project No. 05
Q#125. D. 125
Lot Depth = TLA (given in problem) / Lot Width (given
in problem)
Lot Depth = 10,000 sqm / 80 m
Lot Depth = 125 m
Q#127. A. 5.0
Note that Q#126 is missing (probably due to two
Q#102's).
Since the Slope is 4% (as given in the problem) and
the Run (or property depth) is at 125m (as solved in
Q#125 above), the Rise/Depression can be
computed,
Rise/Run = Slope in Percentage
Rise/125m = 0.04
Rise = 0.04 * 125m
Rise = 5m
Q#128. A. 4
An average spatial width occupied by an adult person
would be approx. 0.60m (measured from shoulder-to-
shoulder with allowance for elbow and arm
movement). As the given width of the sidewalk is 2.40
meters, then, the maximum number of adult persons
that can walk side-by-side along the sidewalk is
2.40m / 0.60m = 4 persons.
Q#129. D. Perimeter
The RROW starts from the Property Line (or
Perimeter), continues on to a Sidewalk (with Planting
Strips, if any), then the Curb, then the Carriageway
and onto another Curb, Sidewalk, and the Property
Line (or Perimeter) at the other side. Choice b. can be
eliminated immediately as a Front Yard is INSIDE the
project site. Choice c. might be an option but only for
specific properties that have canopies projecting
beyond the perimeter into the public land (projecting
3m high above the sidewalk up to a maximum of
300mm distance before the Curb as per IRR of PD
1096).
Q#130. C. West yard
Since the problem already states that the main
access for container vans/trucks on a 24-hour basis is
along the 30-m RROW that is located at the western
portion of the lot (the frontage), then the best location
for the loading dock would be the west yard (in front
of the 30-m RROW). The other access roads (6-m
RROW) are too narrow for container trucks to
maneuver.
Q#131 to Q#140 (Project No. 05)
<<ALL ANSWERS AND ANNOTATIONS BY ARCH.
RAI BASSIG>>
<<REVIEWER/QUESTIONNAIRE - SOURCE:
UNKNOWN>>
Situation 27 - Project No. 05
Q#131. A. Executive Lounge
Although an executive lounge is considered an
amenity, it might not be appropriate for this particular
project. The project, as stated, is a factory serving
200 workers who are housed at a new facility and
away from their families/residences. Choice c. would
be a very appropriate recreational amenity for the
workers as it would counter the workers'
boredom/depression and increase their productivity (it
might even shy them away from going at the videoke
bars/drinking establishment located across the
street). A worker's union office would also be
benefitial for the firm-employee relationship as the
office is a symbol that the rights of the workers are
highly respected by their employer. The video
conference room would be appropriate for the type of
business the firm has as described in the problem,
since the management cannot only talk to their clients
and suppliers but also show the actual
products/packaging/materials during discussion
meetings. An executive lounge, as compared with the
other choices, would be very rarely used in the
factory.
Q#132. B. Business center for clients
All the other given choices pertain to service
provisions for the main occupants of the structure
(factory). Gym and gameroom are both provisions to
serve the recreational and physical needs of the 200
stay-in workers (especially during breaks or day-offs).
The cafeteria is another provision that would serve
the food requirements of the occupants. Choice b.
Business center would only cater for selected
occupants (clients) which rarely hold meetings in the
factory. It has been stated in the problem that the
operations of the factory will be an "in-and-out" (from
receiving of materials, production, packaging to direct
shipping out). Although a business center would not
hurt the factory, it is the least among the given
choices to be considered as a service provision to
cater the needs of the occupants.
Q#133. D. Overhead water tank
Similar to Q#13 and the second Q#102!
An Overhead Water Tank is a utility provision
(Plumbing Utilities).
Q#134. C. Covered parking
Similar to Q#14 and Q#103!
The other choices, Cistern, Generator Room, and
STP all pertain to utility provisions (Plumbing,
Electrical, and Sanitary Utilities, respectively).
Q#135. B. Solid waste holding area and sewage
treatment plant
Similar to Q#15 and Q#104!
Although the choices are very subjective, the main
reason why choice B was selected as the best
answer is due to maintenance/safety and by process
of elimination of other choices. All of the other choices
are suitable to be located close to each other.
Although a case can be made regarding choice A that
has the words "service stairs" and "fire escapes"
leading to a false conclusion that there will be "2
stairs close to each other" and will be redundant.
However, the term "fire escapes" are not limited to
stairs alone. Fire escapes can be either exit
balconies, exit openings, exit corridors, and any other
form of egress during the occurrence of fire. 
Choice B is the most uncommon spatial
interrelationship. In the National Plumbing Code and
Sanitary Code, certain distances must be observed
from Sewage Treatment Systems. Although a case
can also be made that both items in choice B are
wastes/disposal, the sewage treatment plant must be
segregated due to use of chemicals and other
substances used for the treatment and possible re-
use of the water. Hence, a solid waste holding area
(i.e., a garbage area) would be hazardous if placed
near the water/sewage water treatment area.
Situation 28 - Project No. 05
Q#136. D. Relocation of informal settlers on the
Project Site, if any
Similar to Q#76!
Choice d., although it will still contribute to the
proliferation of urban sprawl (which affects
sustainability), it is the best answer among the given
choices as it does not directly affect the given project
site.
Q#140. D. 2.70
Similar to Q#80 and Q#139!
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Sec. 805, Item 1, "Habitable
rooms provided with artificial ventilation shall have
ceiling heights not less than 2.40 meters measured
from floor to the ceiling...xxx...Above-stated rooms
WITH NATURAL VENTILATION shall have ceiling
heights of NOT LESS THAN 2.70 METERS."

Q#137. D. Baguio stone

Similar to Q#77!
The embodied energy in producing the listed choices
are as follows:
High-Pressure Laminate Flooring - 11 to 12 MJ/kg
Vigan Tiles - 6.5 MJ/kg
Baguio Stone - 0.1 to 2.0 MJ/kg
Mariwasa Tiles - 12 MJ/kg

Q#138. B. Polycarbonate Sheet

Similar to Q#78!
Cement Bonded Board (CBB) - 11 MJ/kg
Recycled cardboard egg crate - 23 MJ/kg
Polycarbonate Sheet - 113 MJ/kg
Gypsum Board - 6.75 MJ/kg

Q#139. D. 2.10
Similar to Q#80 and Q#140!
Refer to IRR of PD1096, Sec. 805, Item 1, "Habitable
rooms provided WITH ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION
shall have ceiling heights not less than 2.40 meters
measured from floor to the ceiling; PROVIDED that
for buildings of MORE THAN ONE (1) STOREY, the
minimum ceiling height of the first storey shall be 2.70
meters and that for the second storey 2.40 meters
and the SUCCEEDING STORIES shall have an
UNOBSTRUCTED TYPICAL HEAD-ROOM
CLEARANCE of NOT LESS THAN 2.10 METERS
ABOVE THE FINISHED FLOOR. Above-stated rooms
WITH NATURAL VENTILATION shall have ceiling
heights of NOT LESS THAN 2.70 METERS."
Q#141 to Q#150 (Project No. 05)
<<ALL ANSWERS AND ANNOTATIONS BY ARCH.
RAI BASSIG>>
<<REVIEWER/QUESTIONNAIRE - SOURCE:
UNKNOWN>>
Situation 29 - Project No. 05
Q#141. D. 0.15
Similar to Q#25!
There is insufficient data to answer the given
question. Wall thicknesses are governed by Fire-
Resistive Time Period Ratings (see IRR of PD1096,
Rule VI). Wall thickness are also dependent on the
thermal and noise reduction the occupant would want
to achieve. Then, there is also the factor if the CHB
being asked is load bearing or non-load bearing.
Preferences might also play a factor, for example, if
the occupant would want a lighter load on the upper
floors, the exterior CHB can be 4" thick for those
floors while the ground floor can be 6" thick.
However, for purposes of answering the given
question DESPITE the limited DATA given, the
COMMON PRACTICE (not a rule or a provision in the
law) is to use 6" thick CHB for the exterior walls and
to use 4" thick CHB for the interior walls. A 6" CHB
would be approx. 0.15m; while a 4" CHB would be
approx. 0.10m. The primary reason for this
"COMMON PRACTICE" is the AVAILABILITY OF
CHB PRODUCED LOCALLY. Most suppliers only
offer 4" and 6" thick CHB's. In "COMMON
PRACTICE", the 4" thick CHB is used for the interior
because it would only occupy less space (creating a
larger interior floor area), while the 6" thick CHB is
used at the exterior perimeter walls since there is a
sufficient space at the property's yards and as the
perimeter walls are exposed to environmental factors
(noise, thermal, wind, etc), the thicker CHB would be
the better option to use.
Q#142. B. 0.10
Similar to Q#21!
See my explanation above (Q#141).
Q#143. C. Composite deck roof
Note that there might be a typographical error with
choice c as it reads "Composible" deck roof, where it
should have been written as "Composite" deck roof.
All of the other choices contain metal elements that, if
located near a coastal area, will be proned to
increased rusting due to presence of saline (sea
salts) in the atmosphere. Choice b. is a better choice
than choice a. and choice d. because the steel rebars
are embedded in the concrete. However, during the
fabrication and construction, the steel rebars are
prone to oxidation. Choice c. is the best among the
given choices as composite decking offers the beauty
of wood without the drawbacks of potential corroding,
splintering or termite damage.
Q#144. A. 3.0m deep eaves
Similar to Q#24 and Q#113!
Another very subjective question with very vague
choices. All of the choices (eaves, balconies, sun-
breakers, and canopies) may be introduced to a
structure located at a lakeside vicinity. All will help
with the sun-shading and rain-water protection of the
building. However, to answer the question, I will
consider the vague measurements that appear in the
choices (without any actual relation to the site where
the property is located as the question suggests).
Among the choices, the 3.0m deep eaves have the
longest projection as compared with 1.5m, 0.3m, and
1.8m for the balconies, sun-breakers, and canopy,
respectively. This lengthy projection, although
beneficial for the total sun/rain protection, may be too
impractical to be built without any supports at the
eaves' end. An eave is defined as a projection or
extension of the roofing WITHOUT ANY SUPPORTS.
Therefore, the best answer is a. due to impracticality
and structural costs as compared to the other given
choices.
Q#145. D. Windbreakers and sun-breakers
Similar to Q#114!
Windbreakers and sun-breakers should be introduced
due to the high altitude and presence of high wind
velocities at the location of the project.
Situation 30 - Project No. 05
Q#146. C. Low-wattage track light
We can safely eliminate all the other choices because
choice a, b, and d are NOT devices but actual
lamps/bulbs. However, the main reason for choosing
c. is due to it's low-wattage (compared with halogen
lamps and high-output spot lamps) which may affect
the surface of the watercolor painting due to its
thermal levels. A CFL may be used, although as said,
the given choice only supplies the bulb itself. A track
light is the device to use for such purpose since the
lighting will be adjustable.  however, since a spotlight is used, a "circular beam"
In case another set of painting/s will be hung,
whatever the size or the quantity, the track light can
be adjusted to suit the illumination requirements.
Q#147. B. Cool White
This is another subjective question as there are no
hard-and-fast rule in using lamp colors for any
illumination requirements. This would depend on the
preference and concerns of the actual user. Some
people have eye-conditions that are strained when
the lights used are above 4000K (i.e., White, Cool
White, and Daylight), so, they prefer warm lighting of
about 2700K to 3000K. However, to answer the
subjective question, a Cool White color would be
GENERALLY suitable for task lighting. Daylight color
would be too bright (although some prefer this) for
task lighting since the distance between the lamp and
the surface being illuminated is lesser than that if the
lamp is located above the ceiling (as a general
lighting). A case can also be made for using Warm
White, however, GENERALLY SPEAKING, this would
have a yellowish hue that may not be suitable for
drawing (or even writing/reading), especially if the
user is drawing using colored media. The cool white
will be a balanced choice in-between the Warm and
Day lighting effects.
Q#148. C. Daylight
Since work areas must be illuminated to represent the
light of day. The only choice would be to use Daylight
lamp colors. Although a case can be made if the work
area is designed for a "cozy" and "dramatic"
atmosphere, wherein a warm-white lamp may be
used, the GENERAL choice would be the brightest for
GENERAL WORKING.
Q#149. B. Indirect lighting at the base of the curved
ceiling
Choice a. and choice d. can be immediately
eliminated since both are down-light illumination
(towards the floor) and will not emphasize the ceiling
above it. Choice c. directly illuminates the ceiling,
will only highlight the parts of the curved ceiling the
beam hits - creating an imbalanced effect. Putting
additional spotlights to cover up the other areas will
create overlapping of light beams and thus have
areas that are too bright and areas that are not. An
indirect lighting at the base of the curved ceiling is the
best among the given choices as the cove lighting
creats a soft but dramatic effect from the ceiling's
base all the way up to it's curved surface. The lighting
will then be gradual and balanced.
Q#150. B. Industrial lighting (suspended fluorescent
lamps with reflectors)
The general production area would require the most
illumination, and among the given choices, only
choice b. offers high illuminance due to using
fluorescent lamp (i.e., tubes) with reflectors. Choice a.
will have the least brightness due to the diffusers and
will have the most difficulty in maintaining/lamp
replacement (the mounting is directly on the slab soffit
high above the ceiling and the diffuser has to be
removed). Choice c. has a low angle of light
emittance due to it being a pendant-type lighting
using only compact fluorsecent lamps (CFL's), which
would mean having to provide a large amount of
quantity to fully illuminate the whole production area.
Choice d. has the same disadvantage of choice c.
plus an additional burdgen in electrical cost (due to it
being incandescent bulbs).