PREFABRICATION

DATE :- 2020.11.24
PREFABRICATION OF A HOUSE
PREFABRICATION: MEANING AND DEFINITION

Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a structure in

other manufacturing sites, and transporting complete assembled structures to the
construction site.

➢ Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a structure in

a factory or other manufacturing site, and transporting them to the construction
site where the structure is to be located.

➢ The method controls construction costs by economizing on time, wages,

and materials.

➢ Prefabricated units may include doors, stairs, window, wall panels, floor
panels, roof trusses and even room-sized components.
AIMS OF PREFABRICATION
 Increase speed of construction
 Use of locally available materials with required characteristics like light weight,
easy workability, thermal insulation, non combustibility, etc.
 Independence of climatic conditions
 Protected and controlled production environment
 Lower production costs and other savings
 Disruption of traffic is avoided
 Ensures high degree safety
 PREFABRICATED BUILDING MATERIAL

➢ Door frames
➢ Window frames
➢ Roof slabs
➢ Lintels
➢ Ventilators
➢ Wall partition panels
➢ Compound wall panels
➢ Cement concrete
➢ Small pillars for
compound wall
➢ Sills
➢ Trusses etc.
Flow of Materials, Components & Prefabricated Elements
MATERIALS TO BE USED
 Concrete
 Steel
 Treated wood
 Aluminum
 Light weight concrete elements
 Ceramic products, etc

COMPONENTS OF PREFABRICATION

 Flooring and roofing

 Beams
 columns
 Walls
 Staircase
ON SITE & OFF SITE PREFABRICATION
Manufacture:
The manufacture of the components can be done in a factory for the commercial
production established at the focal point based on the market potential or in a site-
precasting yard set up at or near the site of work.
 Factory prefabrication
Factory prefabrication is resorted to in a factory for the commercial production
for the manufacture of standardized components on a long-term basis. It is a
capital-intensive production where work is done throughout the year preferably
under a closed shed to avoid effects of seasonal variations.
High level of mechanization can always be introduced in this system where the
work can be organized in a factory-like manner with the help of a constant team
of workmen.
 Site prefabrication
Prefabricated components produced at site or near the site of work as possible.
This system is normally adopted for a specific job order for a limited period.
 Semi-mechanized
The work is normally carried out in open space with locally available labor
force. The equipment machinery used may be minor in nature and moulds
are mobile or stationary in nature.
 Fully-mechanized

The work will be carried out under shed with skilled labor. The equipments used
will be similar to one of factory production. This type of precast yards will be set
up for the production of precast components of high quality, high rate of
production. Though there is definite economy with respect to cost of
transportation, this system suffers from basic drawback of its non-suitability to
any high degree of mechanization and no elaborate arrangements for quality
control. Normal benefits of continuity of work are not available in this system of
construction.
TYPES OF PREFABRICATION COMPONENTS
The prefabricated concrete components such as those given below may be used
which shall be in accordance with the accepted standards, where available:
 Reinforced/Prestressed concrete channel unit.
 Reinforced/Prestressed concrete slab unit.
 Reinforced/Prestressed concrete beams.
 Reinforced/Prestressed concrete columns.
 Reinforced/Prestressed concrete hollow core slab,
 Reinforced concrete waffle slab/shells.
 Reinforced/Prestressed concrete wall elements,
 Hollow/Solid blocks and battens,
 Precast planks and joists for flooring and roofing,
 Precast joists and trussed girders,
 Light weight/cellular concrete slabs,
 Precast lintel and chhajjas,
 Large panel prefabricates,
 Reinforced/Prestressed concrete trusses,
 Reinforced/Prestressed roof purlins,
 Precast concrete L-panel unit,
 Prefabricated brick panel unit,
 Prefabricated sandwich concrete panel, and
 Precast foundation.
The temporary supporting props to The transportation of precast facades.
hold the precast facade in position. This
prevents any movement of the panel and
allows final adjustments to be made.

The worker is laying

the services
pipes and service
conduits

LIFTING PRECAST SLAB INTO POSITION

ADVANTAGES OFPREFABRICATION
 High quality product
 Labor related savings
 Savings in time
 Overall efficiency increases
 Mass production is easier and quick
 Damage due to earth quake is less

DISADVANTAGES
 Careful handling of concrete panels or glass panels is required.
 Leaks can form at joints
 Transportation may cost more than the material itself
 large sections require heavy duty cranes .
PREFABRICATION OF FLOORS
PREFABRICATION OF BEAMS
PREFABRICATION OF ROOFS
PREFABRICATION OF COLUMNS
PREFABRICATION OF WALLS
PREFABRICATION OF STAIRCASE