TENSILE TEST

ME 3501 L: Behavior and Selection of Materials

Student Name:

Roll Number:
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Objective:
 The objective of this experiment was to performed the stress train analysis of the steel and
aluminum specimen by applying a tensile load.
 This test was conducted to compare the mechanical properties of steel and aluminum.
 To study the deformation and fracture characteristics of mild steel and aluminum.

Introduction:
Metals have their own mechanical, physical and thermal properties from which mechanical properties
are the most important ones. The mechanical properties include the ductility, strength, hardness and
toughness of the material. The tensile test is used to measure the strength of the material within given
load under the tensile testing machine. The load on the specimen increasing at a constant rate and
elongation of the specimen was observed. This test was used to measure the resistance of the material
to he applied static load through tensile test machine.

The load on the specimen caused the deformation which is either be elastic or plastic. The elastic
deformation is expressed through the linear relationship between the stress and the strain by Hook’s
law. The stress is given by the applied load to the area of the specimen while the strain is the change in
length of the specimen to the original length of the specimen. The slope of the linear portion gives us
the Young Modulus that is the ratio of the stress to strain.

Procedure:
 Before starting the experiment make sure that the extensometer is plugged into the
strain 1 location at the left hand side of the Instron 3369 testing machine.
 Make sure that the Red button on the front panel is not depressed or locked down.
 After turning on the load frame, allows the machine to run 15 minutes. Make sure that
the display on the left side of the machine working properly for each cycle of the load.
 After adjusting everything, turn on the printer, monitor and Personal Computer for
readings.
 Open the Bluehill software and login to it.
 The extensometer and load cell must be calibrated once both the load frame of
software are synchronized.
 Before starting experiment, use the provided punch included to LIGHTLY punch 2-inch
gage marks on the specimen to help determine elongation and strain once test is
completed.
 Go to the software tab, enter the name of the file and make the file save location to
your specified folder.
 Install the specimen in the Jaws, and start the experiment. Print the linear portion of the
response curve.
 Report the same procedure for other samples.
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Results:

Stress Strain Relati onship

Specimen 1
35000.00000

30000.00000

25000.00000

20000.00000
Stress (Psi)

15000.00000

10000.00000

5000.00000

0.00000
0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09
Strain (in/in)
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Stress Strain Relati onship

Specimen 1
35000.00000

30000.00000

25000.00000
Stress (Psi)

20000.00000

15000.00000

10000.00000

5000.00000

0.00000
0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08
Strain (in/in)

Stress Strain Relati onship

Specimen 2
180000

160000

140000
Ultimate Stress
120000
Elastic Portion
Stress (Psi)

100000

80000

60000

40000

20000

0
0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12 0.13

Strain (in/in)
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Stress Strain Relati onship

Specimen 2

160000

140000

120000

100000
Stress (Psi)

80000

60000

40000

20000

0
0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08
Strain (in/in)

Stress Strain Relati onship

Specimen 3
40000

35000

30000

25000
Stress (Psi)

20000

15000

10000

5000

0
0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09
Strain (in/in)
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Stress Strain Relati onship

Specimen 3
40000

35000

30000

25000
Stress (Psi)

20000

15000

10000

5000

0
0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09
Strain (in/in)

Calculation:
Specimen 1:

Max Extension = 0.84950 in

Max Load = 2038.908 lb
Area of Specimen = 0.0625 in^2
Length of Specimen = 1.75 in

Max Load 2038.908

Max Stress= = =32622.528 Psi
Area 0.0625

0.849450
% Elongation= ∗100=48.54 %
1.75

(8959.29680−8557.20672)
Modulus of Elasticity= ¿=114607.4286 Psi
0.06047−0.06019¿

Yield Stress=32539.88688 Psi

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Modulus of Toughness=M T =0.5∗( 30305.27920−692.0752 )∗( 0.07463−0.05574 )=279.6967 Psi

Specimen 2:

Max Extension = 0.2082 in

Max Load = 2396.468 lb
Area of Specimen = 0.0156 in^2
Length of Specimen = 1.75 in

Max Load 2396.468

Max Stress= = =153619.7436 Psi
Area 0.0156

0.2082
% Elongation= ∗100=11.8971 %
1.75

(53142.54−50847.82)
Modulus of Elasticity= =8498962.963 Psi
(0.06308−0.06281)

Yield Stress=146014.8058 Psi

Modulus of Toughness=M T =0.5∗( 146014.8058−1900.6724 )∗( 0.07558−0.05669 )=1361.158 Psi

Specimen 3:

Max Extension = 0.09683 ins

Max Load = 2356.186 lb
Area of Specimen = 0.0625 in^2
Length of Specimen = 2 in

Max Load 2356.186

Max Stress= = =37698.976 Psi
Area 0.0625

0.09683
% Elongation= ∗100=4.8415 %
2

(8101.865−7609.316)
Modulus of Elasticity= =1759103.571 Psi
(0.06316−0.06288)

Yield Stress=37624.50624 Psi

Modulus of Toughness=M T =0.5∗( 37624.50624−575.2072 )∗( 0.07928−0.05872 ) =380.866 Psi

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Specimen Max Extension Max (Load) Max Stress % Elongation Modulus of Modulus of
(in) lb (Psi) Elasticity (Psi) Toughness
(Psi)
1 0.84950 2038.908 32622.528 48.54 % 114607.4286 Psi 279.6967 Psi

2 0.2082 2396.468 153619.7436 11.8971 % 8498962.963 Psi 1361.158 Psi

3 0.09683 2356.186 37698.976

4.8415 % 1759103.571 Psi 380.866 Psi

Discussion:
We saw that the tensile test is the quick test and we had to determine lots of mechanical properties from the
data. In sample 1 we saw the sample first goes to necking and then eventually fails in shear showing the
behavior of the aluminum specimen. The modulus of elasticity calculated from specimen 1 is in the range of the
aluminum modulus of elasticity.
The specimen sheared at 45-degree angle because the maximum shear stress occurred at the same angle at
which the specimen fails in shear. All of the knowledge, concepts are applied in this lab and most of the
questions were being answered and observed in this lob regarding the mechanical properties of the specimen.
The necking occurs in the plastic region of the stress strain curve.
The second specimen shows the behavior of the steel specimen showing the ideal stress strain curve of the
steel that includes all of the important region. The specimen first stays in the elastic region then a yield point
comes from where the deformation becomes plastic and ductile region starts. Then member goes to ultimate
strength and suddenly load decreases and members fails because the member capacity reached at ultimate
load.
In this test, we learned that the shear failure occurred at 45-degree angle. It was also noticed the behavior of
sample when the loading on the sample increases and how it fails. We were able to found many properties of
the member from the stress strain curve and know the importance of the stress train curve.

Conclusion:
The objective of the experiment was fully obtained. We found the mechanical properties of the unknown
samples and then found the sample name from its behavior from stress strain curve and mechanical properties.
Many engineering applications required mild steel due to its high strength and crystalline structure that makes
it to resist higher axial loads. Aluminum experiences high ductility rate and have very low Young Modulus as
compared to the mild steel.

References:

 Richard, A. (2002). Advanced Mechanics of Materials. (R. J. Schmidt, Ed.) Wiley.

 Micheal F. Asby, K. J. (2013). Materials and Design (3rd Edition ed.). Butterworth
 Davies, J. (2004). Tensile Testing (2nd Edition ed.). ASM International.
 https://www.slideshare.net/mattyossi/lab-report-engineering-materials-lab-tensile-test-91272635