Studying CASE-1

1. From Experimental data we got the Tensile Load vs Displacement data.

2. For dispalcement we will take Extensometer reading to avoid Machine Grip Weight & Slip Error.

Displacement =Extensometer Strain (%) / 100

3. Then, We calculate True Stress & True Strain values. Since values of Engg. Stress & Engg. Strain we got
from Experiment, We use the relation.

True Stress = Engg. Stress x (1+ Engg. Strain)

True Strain = Ln(1+ Engg. Strain)

4. The reason we need True Stress & True Strain values is that it incorporates Nonlinearity effect since during
Tensile test the cross-sectional area reduces gradually and True stress will always be greater than Engg. Stress.

5. After that, We Calculated Longitudinal Modulus by the relation.

EL=True Stress / True Strain

Plotting the Longitudinal Modulus vs Time Graph.

Experimental Longitudinal Modulus vs Time Graph

90000
80000
Longitudinal Modulus (MPa)

70000
60000
50000
40000 Time(Initial) = 0.25Sec

30000
20000
10000
First Failure Point
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (s)

6. Clearly, We can see that for majority time period the value of Longitudinal Modulus remains approximately
constant between 60 GPa to 54 Gpa. Using excel we found out the Average Modulus to be 56.341 GPa.
7. Plotting Stress – Strain Curve.

True Stress Vs True Strain Graph

800

700 First Failure Point

600
True Stress (MPa)

500

400 Time(Initial) = 0.25Sec

300

200

100

0
0 0 0 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02
True Strain (mm/mm)

8. Clearly, We can see that after First Failure Point the Effective Longitudinal Modulus reduces.

9. Due to limitations of Ansys Static Analysis, We will be able to produce FEA model upto First Failure Point
only.

Fig: First Failure Point

10. Now Dividing Experimental Tensile Load by True Stress, We got the value of Effective Cross-
sectional Area under Load. (Not suggested anywhere, I did it randomly but gave good result for every
case)

Effective Cross-sectional Area

25

20
Cross-sectional Area (mm2)

15

Average Cross-sectional Area =

10
19.7045 mm2

Time (s)

11. Plotting Stress vs Strain Curve.

FEA Stress = FEA Tensile Load / Average Cross-sectional Area

Stress Vs Strain Graph

800

700

600

500
Experimental Data
400 FEA

300

200

100

0
0 0 0 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02
12. Plotting Load vs Displacement Graph.

Tensile Load vs Displacement Graph

16

14

12
Tensile Load (KN)

10

8 FEA
Experimental Data
6

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Displacement (mm)

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx