Vedant Patel

2248857

Subject:- EE5510 Design of

Mechatronic system

Assignment 1:- AC Voltage controller

 AC Voltage Controller
AC (Alternating current) is an electronic circuit. They control all devices like LEDs, Some
Television remotes, Automobile control, Smartphone and many devices.

Now We are making some circuit derivation and solving tasks for better understanding.
1) The output voltage
2) The power factor.
3) The rms value of the fundamental component
I3, I5, I7 and the last one is I9.
4) Conclusion
Calculation and comparison between practical
and real theoretical.
We are calculating Voltage out(rms)
Were,
Angle is 9, its radian 0.15708.
R is 182

1 𝜋 2
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡(𝑟𝑚𝑠) = √ ∫ 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃𝑑𝜃
𝜋 ∝

110 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ×0.15708

= 2
√ [0.15708 −
𝜋 2
] 𝑑0.15708
√

110 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ×0.15708

= √ [𝜋 − 𝛼+ ]
√2 𝜋 2

𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡(𝑟𝑚𝑠) = 75.84 V

VOUT VS TRIGGRING ANGLE (PRACTICAL)

100

80
Vout, V

60

40

20

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Triggering Angle (α), Degrees

Above the value is the triggering angle 9, and value is different at each other in this graph. Also, we
can see this when voltage reducing at the same time triggering is also lowering.
 VOUT VS TRIGGERING ANGLE
(THEORITICAL)
70
60
50
Voltage

40
30
20
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Triggering angle

Voltage at different values of “i”

Efficiency of voltage circuit
 Power Factor
The power factor is electrical power dissipated in the AC circuit to the product of the r.m.s.
value of the current and voltage
(𝑤) 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
available factor (PF) = (𝑉𝐴) 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

66.4291
= 66.4563

= 0.997

Apparent power = Vin x Irms

𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡(𝑟𝑚𝑠)
Irms = 𝑅

Real power = I2 x R

We can see the graph of power factor with this selection.

In this graph we can see 140 after some changes and continuously 0 to 140 is looking for
decrease and again 160 to 180. 140 to 160 have major different change in practical. At Now
look Theoretical and practical graph.
Look at theoretical and practical, the PF is too much change in this graph in between the 120
to 180 Alfa. And other one is all looking same. And all value is 1 to 0 in the both side. So, we
can see this clearly graph.
 RMS Values
RMS value is root means square. We can solve below.

𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝛼 sin 2 𝛼
ISCR(rms) = √1 − +
√2𝑅 𝜋 2𝜋

110 0.15708 sin 2 ×0.15708

= √1 − +
√2 ×182 𝜋 2𝜋

= 0.604

RMS Harmonic i1, A

0.6

0.5
RMS Value

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Alfa

Now we go ahead with i3, i5, i7 equation and showing some graph. Below the some details from
practical.

𝑉𝑚 2 2
𝑏𝑛 = [ (sin ((1 + 𝑛)𝛼)) − (sin ((1 − 𝑛)𝛼))]
2𝜋 1 + 𝑛 1−𝑛

When n is 3,5,7 and 9

 The RMS values of the fundemental component
(3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th) current harmonics in terms
RMS of the fundemental component current of triggering angle

0.2

0.15
haromics

0.1

0.05

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Triggering Angle (α), Degrees

i3 i5 i7 i9

This graph is practical

Look at graph i3, i5 i7 and i9 in the one graph. I3 value is more like 0.2toch and lowest value is I9 its
highest touch is 0.05rms value.

Above the graph make by practical in final lab. This graph clearly visible change with theoretical. I
releasee some device happening.
 Conclusion
On the practical we realise in practical and theoretical has lot of changes between small amount.
Firstly in the Voltage output is almost same and some changes in the 0.01 value. Theoretical
and practical change between 80 to 100 angle. Other is look same.
Secondly, in Power factor is totally deference between practical and theoretical. Maybe It’s
make some mistake in practical side. Not all change just between 120 to 160 angle. But sure
its all good.
And last one is RMS value. RMS value is all same no change in practical and theoretical. We
compare the both graph and look what change in the graph in the below.

The RMS values of the fundemental

component (3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th) current
RMS of the fundemental component

harmonics in terms of triggering angle

0.2
current haromics

0.1

0
-20 30 80 130 180
Triggering Angle (α), Degrees

i3 i5 i7 i9

Practical

All V'S vs Trig angle

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
0 50 100 150 200

V1 V3 V5 V7 V9

Theoretical
It’s the graph has a small change value in 0.01 accuracy So, is RMS value in theoretical and
practical is all the same.

We learn, how it’s working the circuit and what’s problem create when we simulate the software
and electrical devices.