CIRCUITS AND NETWORK ANALYSIS LAB

:
Exp. No.
Verification of Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
Date:/2020

Aim: To experimentally verify the maximum power transfer theorem with Thevenin's
equivalent.

Equipment Required:
Desktop/Laptop Computer with Windows OS (32/64 bit)
National Instrument's MultiSIM software (v 14.0 or above)

Theory:

An independent voltage source in series with a resistance Rs, Or an independent current

source in parallel with a resistance Rs delivers maximum power to a load resistance RL such
that RL = Rs.

An alternative way to view the maximum power theorem is possible in terms of the
Thévenin equivalent resistance of a network: A network delivers maximum power to a load
resistance RL, when R S equal to a the Thévenin equivalent resistance Rs of the source
network.

Procedure:

In this experiment the active network that is delivers the power to the passive load is
replaced by it's Thevenin's equivalent, i.e. an ideal voltage source, and a series source
resistance as shown in Figure 1. In this circuit the source netWork is substituted with a 24 V,
voltage source and an 112 source resistance. This source network is connected in series with
the load R.

112 +

VL RL

30
24 V

Figure 1: Circuit for simulation

The power delivered to the load R., s then measured either by the product of i, and v.,
or by directly using the wattmeter. This procedure is done for different values of R., and the
power measure is tabulated.

The circuit diagram shown in the Figure 1 is constructed in the NI MultiSIM software,
separately. The schematic circuit contains the following components.

o resistor R1 (10 ohm)

resistor R2 (12 ohm)
resistor R3 (100 ohm)
O resistor R4 (20 ohm)
resistor R5 (8 ohm)
o Voltage source (10V)

1
 CIRCUITS AND NETWORK ANALYSIS LAB

The components V1, RS and RL are connected in series circuit. Make sure that the
components are renamed as V1, RS and RL respectively. The Wattmeter has two inputs one
for voltage (V) and one for current (I). The voltage input is connected parallelly across RL, and
the current input is connected in series with the RL. This is shown as the simulation screenshot
in the Figure 2.

: 18.9 mA
I(p-p): 0A
I(rms): 0A
I(dc): 18.9 mA
I(frea): -
R R2

L10V
sV1
100

200
R4
120

LR5

>80
082 LR3
1000$
PR1

Figure 2: MultiSiM Screenshot of the simulation.

By choosing RUN, the simulation will be run with the above output in Figure 2. This
procedure could be repeated for different values of RL each time, to arrive at the value of RL
for maximum delivery of power. However, for finding the optimum value of RL for maximising
the power, we could to run a different type of analysis, which is built-in with the MultiSim
software.

Save the design, and click Simulate from the toolbar, and select Analysis and
Simulation. In the pop-up window, choose Active Analysis type as Parameter Sweep.
Analyses and Simulation

Active Analysis:
Interactive Simulation Parameter Sweep

DC Operating Point Analysis parameters Output Analysis options Summary

AC Sweep Sweep parameters

Transient Sweep parameter: Device type: Resistor

DC Sweep pevice parameter Name: RL

Single Frequency AC Parameter: resistance

Parameter Sweep Present value: 12

Description; Resistance
Noise

Monte Carlo
Fourie Points to Sweep
Start:
1

Temperature Sweep Sweep variation type:

Stop:
Distortion
Unear 50
Number of points: s0
Sensitivity
Increment:1
Worst Case

Noise Fiqure More Options

Pole Zero Analysis to sweep: DC Operating Polint Edit analysis..
Transfer Function
Display results on a graph
Trace Width DGroup all traces on one plot
O Display resuts in a table
Batched

User-Defined

Run Save Cancel Help

Figure 3: Parameter Sweep Analysis Setup configuration.

In the Analysis parameter Tab, select the values as follows (shown in the screenshot
Figure 3):

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 CIRCUITS AND NETWORK ANALYSIS LAB
Sweep Parameter: Device Parameter
Device type: Resistor
Name: RL
Parameter: Resistance
Present Value: 100 (leave as it is)
Sweep Variation ty pe: Linear
Start: 12
Stop: 502
Number of Points: 50
Increment: 12 (Automatically chosen)
Analysis to Sweep: DC Operating Point.
Choose the option 'Display results on a graph.
In the Output Tab, chose All Variables under Variables in the circuit, select P(RL) and
click Add. This will add the parameter P(RL) to the Selected Variables for Analysis. This is in
the screenshot Figure 4.
Analyses and Sirmulation

Active Analysis:
Interactive Simulation
Parameter Sweep
DC Operating Point Analysis parameters Output Analysis options Summary
Variables in circuit: Selected variables for analysis:
Allvariables All variables

R300516 Ads

Remove

Edt expression.

Add egpression...

Filter unselected variables.. Fiter selected variables...

More options

ameters at end of
Add device/model parameter...
VaPe
Delete seleted variable
Select yariables to save...

Bun Save Cancel Help

Figure 4: Parameter Sweep Analysis Output configuration.

By clicking Run, the simulation is run with the set parameter sweep, and gives the
analysis as a graph, which is shown in the Figure 5.
Design1
2000000m
s Device Parameter Sweep

190 0000m

Cursor

160.0000rm

0.0000
140.0000rm 1,2755e-13
5.9350

120.0000rm
179.4427
dy/dx 30.5914
1/dx 171,3793m
100.0000m

80.0000m

60 0000m

40 0000m

20 0000rm *****

20.0000m
O0000 20.0000 40 0000 60 0000 BO 0000
100000
resistance
 CIRCUTS AND NETWORK ANALYSIS LAB
Figure 3: MultiSiM output graph of Sweep Analysis

Inference:

From the graph its is observed that the power consumed by the load resistor has a maximum value
of 13.1 Watts (approximately), when the value of RL s exactly 112, which is same as the source resistance
RS. This proves the fact that the maximum power transfer occurs when the load resistance matched to the
sOurce resistance.

23005160108
Result:
The Maximum power transfer theorenm is thus is successfully verified.