Unit Wise Question Class XII Chem

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NATIONAL NAVODAYA LEADERSHIP INSTITUTE,
(NVS H.Q., NOIDA)
CONTENT DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP

(From 28-05-2018 to 06-06-2018)
SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY
CLASS: XII
SUPPORT MATERIAL
(UNIT WISE QUESTIONS)
1
B-15, Sector 62, NOIDA, E-mail: nlinvsnoida@gmail.comTel: 0120-2400382
List of Participants
Sl. Name of Participants JNV

N. Region Unit allotted
1 Mr.A.K. Goud Shajapur Bhopal I- Solid State

2 Mr . A.K. Shukla Khargone
II- Solution
3 Mrs .Surava Das Kendrapada
4 Mr .Rohit Kashmiri Chamba Chandigar V- Surface Chemistry
h VI- General Principles
5 Mr .Rakesh Soni Shimla and Processes of
Isolation of Elements
6 Mr .G.R. Maskeri North Canara Hyderabad X – Haloalkanes and
7 Mr .A.K. Dwivedi Hassan
Haloarenes
8 Mr .B. Bethanasamy Puducherry
XI- Alcohols, Phenols
and Ethers
9 Mr .Ankit Gupta Jhalawar Jaipur VII- p-Block Element
10 Mr .H.R.Meena Bundi
VIII- d- and f- Block
11 Sarita Kumari Alwar
Elements
12 Mr. Dharmendra Kanpur Nagar Lucknow XIV- Bio Molecules
Shukla XV- Polymers
13 Mr Raj Kumar Moradabad
14 Mr J.P. Balodhi Saharanpur
15 Mr Prem Chand Saini Siwan Patna III- Electrochemistry
16 Md. Jamshed Ali Bankura
IV- Chemical Kinetics
17 Mr. M .A.Ansari Buxar
18 Mr Ajit kumar Sharma Gandhinagar Pune XII- Aldehydes, Ketones,
19 Mr G.T.Hirve Latur
and Carboxylic Acids
20 Mr S.U.Urade Chandrapur
XIII- Organic Compounds
containing Nitrogen
21 Mr A. Husain Bongaigaon Shillong IX- Coordinate
22 Md.Ehsanur Rehman Dhubri
Compound
23 Mr T.Ibungochou W. Imphal
XVI- Chemistry in
Singh
Everyday
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CONTENT
Sl. No. CONTENT Page No.
1 THE SOLID STATE 4
2 SOLUTIONS 6
3 ELECTROCHEMISTRY 9
4 CHEMICAL KINETICS 12
5 SURFACE CHEMISTRY 15
6 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACTION OF ELEMENTS 18
7 p- BLOCK ELEMENTS 20
8 d AND f- BLOCK ELEMENTS 24
9 COORDINATION COMPOUNDS 27
10 HALOALKANES AND HALOARENES 29
11 ALCOHOLS PHENOLS AND ETHERS 31
12 ALDEHYDES KETONES AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS 33
13 AMINES 36
14 BIOMOLECULES 39
15 POLYMERS 41
16 CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE 43
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UNIT 1 : THE SOLID STATE
One mark questions :-
1. Why Ionic solids conduct electricity in molten state?

2. What type of stochiometric defect is shown by: i) ZnS ii) AgBr
3. A group 14 element is to be converted into n-type semiconductor by doping it
with suitable impurity. To which group should this impurity belong?
4. What is meant by ‘doping’ in a semiconductor?
5. What is meant by the term ‘forbidden’ zone in reference to band theory of solids?
6. What type of magnetism represents by following arrangements of magnetic
domains.
7. What makes the crystal of KCl to appear sometime violet?

8. What is the no of atoms in a unit cell of a i) simple cubic crystal ii) in bcc crystal
9. A solid has similar value of refractive index in all the directions what type of solid
is it.
10. Which point defect in crystals of a solid decrease the density of the solid?
Two marks questions
1. A cubic solid is made of two elements X and Y. Atoms Y are at the corners of the
cube and X at the body centre. What is the formula of the compound?
2. An alloy of gold and cadmium crystallises with a cubic structure in which gold
atoms occupy the corners and cadmium atoms fit into the face centers. Assign
formula for this alloy?
3. Explain the following terms with suitable examples:
(i) Schottky defect
(ii) Frenkel defect
4. Gold having atomic radius 0.144 nm crystallizes in a face centered unit cell.
Calculate edge length of the unit cell?
5. Analysis shows that nickel oxide has the formula Ni 0.98O1.00. What fractions of
nickel exists as Ni2+ and Ni3+ ions?
6. Define coordination number .Which has higher coordination number NaCl or
CsCl.
7. Chromium metal crystallizes in a body centered cubic lattice. The edge length of
the unit cell is found to be 287 pm. Calculate the atomic radius of chromium?
8. Explain the following with suitable examples:
(i) Ferromagnetism (ii) Antiferromagnetism
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9. Atoms of element B forms hcp lattice and those of the element A occupy 2/3 rd of
tetrahedral voids. What is the formula of the compound formed by the element A
and B.
10. Define the following terms.(i) F-centre (ii) Impurity defect
Three marks questions
1. Niobium crystallizes in body centered cubic structure. If density is 8.55 gm/cm 3,

calculate atomic radius of niobium using its atomic mass 93u .
2. Silver crystallizes in fcc lattice. If edge length of the cell is 4.07 x 10 -8 cm and
density is 10.5 gm/cm3, calculate the atomic mass of silver.
3. Calculate the packing efficiency in case of a metal crystal for:
(i) Body centered cubic
(ii) Face centered cubic
4. How will you distinguish between the following pairs of terms:
(i) Hexagonal close packing and cubic close packing
(ii) Tetrahedral void and octahedral void
5. An element X with an atomic mass of 60g/mol has density of 6.23 g?cm 3. if the
edge length of the unit cell is 400 pm, identify the type of cubic unit cell.
Calculate the radius of an atom of this element.
6. Explain the electrical properties of solids on the basis of band theory .
7. (i) X-ray diffraction studies show that copper crystallizes in fcc unit cell with
cell edge of 3.608 x 10 -8 cm. calculate the atomic mass of copper if its
density is 8.92 g/cm3 .
(ii) Identify the structure and coordination number of crystalline solid if its
radius ratio is 0.414 .
8. An element has a bcc structure with a cell edge of 288 pm . The density of the
element is 7.2 g/cm 3. How many atoms are present in 208 g of the element.
9. If the radius of octahedral void is “r” and radius of the atoms in the close packing
is “R”. Derive relationship between “r” and “R” .
10. Calculate the value of Avogadro number from following data: Density of NaCl is
2.165 g/cc , Distance between Na+ and Cl- in NaCl =281 pm.
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UNIT 2 : SOLUTION
One mark questions
1. Define molality of a solution.
2. Two liquids X and Y boil at 110 0 C and 1300 C, which one of them has higher
vapour pressure at 500 C.
3. Why a person suffering from high blood pressure is advised to take minimum
quantity of salt ?
4. Write the name of two inorganic substance (compounds) which can be used as
semi permeable membrane.
5. When is the value of Van’t hoff factor .
a) more than one b) less than one
6. What happen when mango is placed in dilute aqueous soln. of HCl?
7. Why water cannot be separated completely from ethyl alcohol by fractional
distillation?
8. What is expected value of ‘i’ for K4[Fe(CN)6] in dilute solution?
9. To get the hard boiled eggs, why common salt is added to water before boiling the
eggs?
10. Why do gases always tend to be less soluble in liquids as the temperature is
less?
Two marks questions
1. Write the units of Molarity and Molality How many moles of water present in 1kg of
water ?
2. How much NaOH is required to preapre 50 ml of aqueous solution with 70mg of
Na+ ions per ml. of the solution?
3. Why dried fruits and vegetables are placed in water,so they slowly swell and
return to the original form. Explain. Would a temperature increase accelerate the
process ? Explain.
4. Which colligative property is preferred for the molar mass determination of macro
molecules ? Give reason ?
5. A solution 3.8 g of sulphur in 100 g of CS 2(Boiling point=46.3 0 c) boils at 46.66 0c.
What is the formula of sulphur molecules in the solution .(Atomic mass of sulphur
is 32 g mol-1 and Kb= 2.4 K kg mol-1)
6. Henry law constant for the molarity of methane in benzene at 298 K is 4.27x10 5
mm Hg . Calculate the solubility of methane in benzene at 298K and 760mm Hg.
7. Determine the amount of CaCl 2 (i = 2.47) dissolve in 2.5 litre of water such that its
osmotic pressure is 0.75 atm at 27 o C .
8. Out of (a) HNO3 + H2O and (b) C6H6 + C6H5CH3 which will form maximum
boiling azeotrope and why ?
9. Given below is the sketch of a plant for carrying out a process.
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(i) Name the process occurring in the above plant.
(ii) To which container does the net flow of solvent take place.
(iii) Name one SPM which can be used in this plant
(iv) Give one practical use of the plant.
10. State Henry’s law with its two applications.
Three marks questions:-
1. Two elements A and B form compounds having molecular formula AB 2 and AB4 .
When dissolved in 20 gm benzene , 1 gm of AB 2 lowers the freezing point by 2.3
K . Whereas 1.0 gm of AB 4 lowers it by 1.3K . The molar depression constant for
benzene is 5.1 K kg/mol .Calculate atomic masses of A and B .
2. Define Raoult’s law. What do you mean by positive and negative deviated
solutions.
3. (i) Define osmotic pressure.
(ii) Calculate the osmotic pressure in Pascal exerted by solution prepared by
dissolving 1.0 gm of polymer of molar mass 185000 gm/mole in 450ml of water at
37 oC.
4. A solution containing 6 gm of a solute dissolved in 250 mL of water gives an
Osmotic pressure of 4.5 atm at 27 oC . Calculate the boiling point of the solution. if
the molal elevation constant for water is 0.52 k kg/ mol.
5. (i) Define Azeotropic solution.
(ii) 18 gm of glucose C6H12O6 is dissolved in 1 kg of water in a Saucepan, at
what temperature will the water boil at 1.013 bar pressure? K b for water is
0.52 K kg/mol .
6. The average osmotic pressure of human blood is 7.7 atm at 40 oC.
(i) What would be the total concentration of the various solutes in the Blood?
(ii) Assuming the concentration to be essentially the same as the Molality, find
the freezing point of blood .(Kf of water=1.86 Kkg/mol) .
7. An aqueous solution of 2% non volatile solute exerts a pressure of 1.004 bar at

the normal boiling point of the solvent. Calculate the molar mass of the solute?
8. Calculate the depression in the freezing point of water, when 10 gm of

C2H5CHClCOOH is added to 250 gm of water. Ka=1.4x10-3 , Kf = 1.86 K kg/mol.
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9.The vapour pressures of pure liquids A and B are 450 and 700 mm Hg.at 350K
respectively . Find out the composition of the liquid mixture if total vapour
pressure is 600mm Hg. Also find the composition of vapour phase.
10.Boiling point of water at 750 mm Hg is 99.63 o C . How much sucrose is to be

added to 500 gm of water such that it boils at 100 oC? Kb for water is 0.52 K kg
/mol .
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UNIT 3 : ELECTROCHEMISTRY
One mark questions

1. Write the name of a chemical substance which is used to prevent the
corrosion.
2. Which metal has a greater tendency for oxidation, zinc or copper?
3. What is the function of salt bridge in electrochemical cell?
4. Write two advantages of fuel cell.
5. Can you store copper sulphate solutions in a zinc pot?
6. How corrosion of iron may be prevented using other metals?
7. Why button cell is used in voltage sensitive devices?
8. Out of Zn and Sn which one protects iron from corrosion better even after
cracks and why?
9. Which cell was used in Apollo space programme?
10. CO2 is always present in natural water. Explain its effect on rusting of iron.
Two marks questions:
1. How many coulombs of electricity are required for the following reduction
processes: i) 1mole of Ag+ ii)1 mol of Cu2+ iii) 1 mol of Al3+ iv) 1
mole of water to dioxygen.
2. How many grams of bromine can be produced by the electrolysis of molten
magnesium bromide with a current of 3.2A for 50 minutes? (Mg=12;Br=80amu)
(Ans:7.96 gm)
3. Write the cell reactions which occurs in lead storage battery when the battery is
on charging mode.
4. Give reasons for the following:
(i) Rusting of iron is quicker in saline water than in ordinary water.
(ii) Aluminium metal cannot be produced by the electrolysis of aqueous solution
of aluminium salt.
5. (i) Which electrolyte is used in dry cell?
(ii) What type of metals can be used for cathodic protection of iron against
rusting?
6. Explain Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions? Mention one
application of this law.
7. Write four features of a good battery.
8. Calculate standard free energy change for the following chemical reaction.
2Ag+ +Cd (s) 2Ag(s) + Cd2+ ,E0Cd+2 /Cd = - 0.40V, E0Ag+ /Ag = 0.80V.
9. Iron does not rust even if the zinc coating is broken in a galvanized iron pipe
but rusting occurs much faster if the tin coating over iron is broken. Why?
10. Predict the product of electrolysis obtained at the electrode in each case when
the electrodes are platinum.
(i) An aquous solution of AgNO3
(ii) An aquous solution of H2SO4
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1. A copper silver cell is setup the copper ion concentrations in it is 0.01M. The
concentration of silver ion is not known. The cell potential measured 0.422V
Determine the concentration of silver ion in the cell. Given E0Ag+ /Ag = 0.80V and
E0Cu2+/Cu = +0.34V
2. Write the Nernst equation and calculate the e.m.f. of the following cell at 298K:
Cu (s) I Cu2+ + (0.130 M) II Ag+ (1.00 x 10-4 M) I Ag (s) Given EoCu2+ICu=+0.34 V
and EoAg+IAg=+0.80V
3. 5 L of 0.1 M CuSO4 was to be electrolysed using a current strength of 2.0
amperes. But before electrolysis 10 g of zinc dust was added to the
electrolytic cell. For how long the electrolysis has to be carried out in order
to completely deposit the copper ions from the solution? (Atomic masses of
copper and zinc are 63.5 and 65 respectively).
4. The conductivity of 10-3mol /L acetic acid at 250C is 4.1 x 10 -5 S cm-1.
Calculate its degree of dissociation, if λ omfor acetic acid at 250C is 390.5 S
cm2 mol-1.
5. (i) What is the use of Platinum foil in the hydrogen electrode?
(ii) using the graph, show how molar conductivity changes for strong and weak
electrolyte?
6. Calculate the equilibrium constant, K for the reaction at 298 K,
Zn(s) + Cu𝟐+ (aq) Zn𝟐+ (aq) + Cu(s)
Given: Eo Zn2+/Zn= −0.76VEoCu2+/Cu= +0.34V.
7. Calculate 𝚫rG0 for the reaction Mg(s) + Cu2+(aq) ⟶Mg2+(aq) + Cu(𝒔) Given:
E0cell = +2.71 V, 1F= 96500 Cmol-1
8. A galvanic cell consists of a metallic zinc plate immersed in 0.1M Zn(NO 3)2
solution and metallic plate of lead in 0.02M Pb(NO 3)2 solution. Calculate the
emf of the cell. Write the chemical equation for the electrode reactions and
represent the cell. (Given: Eo Zn2+/Zn= 0.76V andEoPb2+/Pb=1.30 V.
9. (i) Solutions of two electrolytes ‘A’ and ‘B’ are diluted. The limiting molar
conductivity of ‘B’ increases 1.5 times while that of ‘A’ increases 25times.
Which of the two is a strong electrolyte? Justify your answer.
(ii) The products of electrolysis of aqueous NaCl at the respective electrodes
are : Cathode : H2 and Anode : Cl2 and not O2. Explain
10. i) Write two advantages of Ni-Cd Cell over lead storage cell.
(ii) Calculate the emf of the following cell at 298 K :
Cr(s) I Cr3+ (0.1M) II Fe2+ (0.01M)IFe(s) [Given : E0Cell = + 0.30 V]
Five marks questions
1 (a) Give reason for the following:

(i) Rusting of iron is quicker in saline water than in ordinary water.
( ii) Aluminium metal can not be produced by the electrolysis of aq solution of
Aluminium salt.
(b) Resistance of a conducting cell filled with 0.1 M KCl solution is 100 ohm. If
the resistance of the same cell when filled with 0.02 M KCl solution is 520
Ohms. Calculate the conductivity and molar conductivity of 0.02 M KCl
solution conductivity 0.1 M KCl solution is 1.29 Sm -1
2. (a) State two advantage of H2-O2 fuel cell over ordinary cell.
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(b) Silver is electrodeposited on a metallic vessel of total surface area
900cm2by passing a current of 0.5 amp for two hours. Calculate the
thickness of silver deposited [Given density of Ag=10.5 gm/cm 3] Atomic
mass = 108 amp, F=96500 C mol-1]
3. (i) State the relationship amongst cell constant of a cell, resistance of the
solution in the cell and conductivity of the solution. How is molar
conductivity of a solution related to conductivity of its solution?
(ii) A voltaic cell is set up at 250C with the following half cell;
Al I Al3+ (0.001 M) and Ni I Ni2+ (0.50 M)
Calculate the cell voltage. [ E0 Ni2+INi = - 0.25V, E0 Al3+IAl = -1.66V]
4. (i) Calculate the potential of hydrogen electrode in contact with a solution
whose Ph is 10.
(ii) State Faraday’s laws of electrolysis. How much charge in terms of
Faraday is required for reduction of 1 mol of Cr 2O72- to Cr3+ ?
5. a) Define the following terms
(i) Limiting molar conductivity, (ii) fuel cell
b) Resistance of a conductivity cell filled with 0.1molL -1KCl solution is 100 Ω.
If the resistance of the same cell when filled with 0.02 molL -1KCl solution
is 520Ω. Calculate the conductivity and molar conductivity of 0.02 molL -1
KCl solution. The conductivity of0.1molL-1KClsolution is 1.29 x 10-1Ω-1cm-.
6. (a) State faraday’s first law of electrolysis. How much charge in terms of
Faraday’s required for the reduction of 1mol of Cu +2 to Cu.
(b) Calculate emf of the following cell at 298K :
Mg (s)| Mg2+(0.1M)||Cu2+(0.001)| Cu(s)
[Given E0cell = 2.71 V 1F = 96500 Cmol-1 ].
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UNIT 4 : CHEMICAL KINETICS
One mark questions

1. Show graphically how the rate of a 1 st order reaction with only one reactant
depends upon the concentration of the reactant.
2. The rate of reactions given by Rate=k[N 2O5] . In this equation what does k stand
for
3. A reaction is 50% complete in 2 hour 75% complete in 4 hours. What is the order
of the reaction?
4. Higher molecularity reactions (viz. molecularity, 4 and above) are very rare. Why?
5. The conversion of molecules X to Y follows the second order of kinetics. If
concentration of X is increased 3 times, how will it affect the rate of
formation of Y.
6. The rate law for a reaction is Rate = K [A] [B] 3/2. Can the reaction be an
elementary process? Explain.
7. The half-life period of two samples are 0.1 and 0.4 seconds. Their initial
Concentrations are 200 and 50 mol L -1 respectively. What is the order of
reaction?
8. Rate of reaction is given by the equation Rate = k [A] 2[B] What are the units of
rate constant for this reaction?
1. What is the ratio of t3/4 : t1/2 for a first order reaction ?

2. Consider the reaction
2A + B Products
When concentration of B alone was doubled, half life time does not change.
When conc. of A alone is doubled, the rate increases by two times. What is the
unit of k and what is the order of the reaction?
3. Derive the equation for the rate constant for a first order reaction. What would be
the units of the first order rate constant if the concentration is expressed in mole
per litre and time in seconds.
4. For a chemical reaction R⟶P, the variation in the concentration (R) vs. Time(t)
plot is given
(i) Predict the order of the reaction.
(ii) What is the slope of the curve?
5. Explain why the rate of reaction increases with increase in temperature?

6. The decomposition of NH3 on Pt surface is a zero order reaction. What would be
the rates of production of N2 and H2 if k=2.5x10-4 mol-1 L S-1
7. The rate constant for a 1st order reaction is 60/s how much time will it take to
reduce the concentration of the reactant to 1/10 th of its initial value?
8. Reaction is 50% completed in 2 hours and 75% completed in 4 hours. What is
the order of the reaction?
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9. For the reaction , 2A+B+C------ A 2B + C the rate law determined is Rate = KA
B2 , If the value of K is 2.0x10 -6 mole2L2 S-1 for the reaction determine the initial
rate of the reaction with A =0.2mile/L, B = 0.1mole/L, C =0.5mole/L
10. The following data were obtained during the first thermal decomposition of
SO2Cl2 at a constant volume
SO2Cl2 (g) SO2(g) +Cl2(g)
Experiment Time /s pressure/atm

1 0 0.4
2 100 0.7
Calculate the rate constant (Given: log 4 = 0.6021, log 2 = 0.3010)
Three marks questions:
1. (a) The rate law is given by, 𝒓 = [𝑨 ]1/2[𝑩]𝟐 What is the order of this reaction.
(b) A first order reaction is found to have a rate constant 𝒌 = 𝟓. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟒𝑺−𝟏
Find the half-life of the reaction
2. A reaction is 50% complete in 20 minutes at 300K and the same reaction
again 50% complete in 5 minutes at 350K. Calculate the activation energy if
it is first order reaction [ R=8.314 JK-1Mole-1; log4 =0.602].
3. Decomposition reaction the value of rate constant K at two different temp
are given below; k1=2.15 x 10-8 L mol-1 S-1 at 650K ; k2=2.39 x 10-7 L Mol-1 S-1
at 700K. Calculate the value of activation energy for this reaction (R=8.314
JK-1Mole-1)
4. A first order reaction has a rate constant of 0.0051min -1. If we begin with
0.10M concentration of the reactant, what concentration of the reactant will
be left after three hour?
5. The ratio of reaction increases four times when the temp changes from
300K to 320K. Calculate the energy of activation of the reaction assuming
that it does not change with temp. (R=8.314 J/K/Mol)
6. (a)Show graphically how the rate of a 1 st order reaction with only one
reactant depends upon the concentration of the reactant
(b) Give one example of 1st order reaction.
7. A first order reaction is 15%complete in 20 minutes. How long will it take to
be 60%complete.
8. Derive the relation between the half life period of a reactant and
concentration of reaction of 1st order.
9. Show that in a first order reaction, time required for completion of 99.9% is
10 times of half-life (t1/2) of the reaction.
10. The activation energy for the reaction 2HI(g) → H 2 + I2 (g)
is 209.5 kJ mol–1 at 581K.Calculate the fraction of molecules of reactants
having energy equal to or greater than activation energy?
11. The half life for decay of radioactive 14C is 5730 years. An archeological
artifact containing would had only 80% of the 14C activity as found in a living
tree. Calculate the age of the artifact.
12. The Ea of a reaction is 75.2 KJ/Mole in the absence of a catalyst and 50.14
KJ/mole with a catalyst. How many times will the rate of reaction grow in the
presence of catalyst if the reaction proceeds at 298K (R=8.314J/K/Mole)
(Hint: k1=Ae-Ea/RT k2= Ae-Ea/RT , logk2/k1 = Ea-Ea(c)/2.303RT
Or 75200-5014/2.303x8.314x298=70186/5705.84=12.3,
13
K2/K1=Antilog 12.3 = 1.9x1012)
13. Consider the following data for the reaction A + B Product
Run Initial conc. (A) Initial conc (B) Initial rate mol/sec
1 0.10M 1.00M 2.10x10-3
2 0.20M 1.00M 8.4 x10-3
3 0.20M 2.00M 8.4 x10-3
Determine the order of the reaction with respect to A and with respect to B
and overall order of the reaction.
1. The following rate data were obtained at 300k for the reaction
2A+ B C+D
Expt No A mole/l B  mole/l Rate of formation
of D mole/l/min
1 0.1 0.1 5.0x10-3
2 0.3 0.2 6.0x10-2
3 0.3 0.4 2.4x10-1
4 0.4 0.1 2.0x10-2
(i) Calculate the rate of formation of D when A =0.5 mole/l and B =0.2
mole/l
(ii) Explain pseudo first order reaction giving suitable example.
(iii) For a reaction the energy of activation is zero. What is the value of
rate const at 300K,if k=1.6x106 S-1 at 280K  R=8.31J/K/mole.
2. (a) A reaction is second order in A and first order in B.
(i). Write the differential rate equation.
(ii). How is the rate affected on increasing the concentrations of A three
times?
(iii). How is the rate affected when the concentrations of both A and B are
doubled?
(b). A first order reaction takes 40 minutes for 𝟑𝟎% decomposition.
Calculate 𝒕𝟏/𝟐 for this reaction. (Given log 1.428 = 0.1548)
3. (a) For a first order reaction, show that time required for 99% completion
is twice the time required for the completion of 90% of reaction.
(b) Rate constant ‘k’ of a reaction varies with temperature ‘T’ according to
the equation: logk = log A-Ea/2.303 R WhereEa is the activation
energy? When a graph is plotted for log k Vs 1/T, a straight line with a
slope of – 4250 K is obtained. Calculate ‘Ea’ for the reaction. (R =
8.314 J/Kmol).
14
UNIT -V : SURFACE CHEMISTRY
One mark questions
1. How is the adsorption of a gas related to its critical temperature?
2. Which of the two: absorption or adsorption is a surface phenomenon?
3. Compare the heat of adsorption for physical and chemical adsorption?
4. In case of chemisorptions, why adsorption first increases and then
decreases with temperature?
5. Give reason why a finely divided substance is more effective as an
adsorbent?
6. A small amount of silica gel and a small amount of anhydrous calcium
chloride are placed separately in two corners of a vessel containing water
vapour. What phenomena will occur?
7. How is adsorption of a gas related to its critical temperature?
8. What form Freundlich adsorption isotherm equation take at high pressure?
9. Why are lyophilic colloidal sols. more stable than lyophobic colloidal sols?
10. Give one test to distinguish whether the given emulsion is oil in water type or
water in oil type emulsion.
11. Give an example of i) micelles system ii) macromolecular colloid
12. What is the difference in the nature of a dilute soap solution and a
concentrated soap solution?
13. What happens when a colloidal sol of Fe(OH)3 and As2O3 are mixed?
14. The conductance of an emulsion increases on adding common salt. What
type of Emulsion is this?
15. Give two examples of colloidal solutions of liquid dispersed in solid. What is
the Name of the colloidal solution?
16. What does reciprocal of gold number indicate?
17. What is the charge on the colloidal particles in the following?
i) Fe(OH)3 sol ii) As2S3 sol iii) colloidal sol of silver?
18. Which of the following is most effective in coagulating ferric hydroxide sol?
i) KCl ii) FeCl3 iii) Na2SO4 iv) K3[Fe(CN)6]
19. What is desorption ?
20. The extent of physical adsorption decreases with rise in temperature why?
21. How to prepare colloidal solution by chemical method?
22. What is sorption?
23. Explain the peptization.
24. What is the pore size in zeolite? Give two examples of Zeolites.
25. Write down the homogeneous catalyst involved in the polymerization of
ethane.
26. Why are colloids good adsorbents?
27. Give two examples of – vely charged sol and + vely charged sols.
28. Which of the following more effective in coagulating Fe(OH) 3 sol and why ?
Na2PO4,Na2SO4, NaCl.
29. Give the example of shape selective catalyst.
30. Give an example of suspension?
31. How will you distinguish two types of emulsions oil in water & water in oil?
32. Which will be adsorbed more readily on the surface of charcoal and why
NH3or CO2?
15
Two marks questions
1. How does the catalyst work in a chemical reaction?

2. What is flocculation?
3. Define Hardy-Schulze Rule?
4. Give four applications of colloids?
5. How Cottrell smoke precipitator use to purify smoke from colloidal particles?
6. What is meant by Kraft temperature (T k) and critical micelle concentration
(CMC)?
7. Delta is generally formed when river meets the Ocean. Why?
8. State an important use of elecrodialysis in human beings?
9. What phenomenon will occur when silica gel and anhydrous calcium chloride
are placed separately in two corners of a vessel containing water vapour.
10. Artificial rain can be caused by spraying common salt on the clouds. How?
11. Explain the modern adsorption theory of heterogeneous catalysis?
12. What are catalytic poisons and catalytic promoters?
13. What is collodion ?
14. What is electro kinetic potential or Zeta potential?
15. The conductance of an emulsion by adding common salt increases. What
type of emulsion is this?
16. How charges develop on colloidal particles?
17. How the nature of adsorbate affects the adsorption of gases on solids?
18. By the chemical reaction give exampleof the selectivity of a catalyst?
19. Why the sun looks red at the time of setting? Explain on the basis of
Colloidal properties.
20. "Action of soap is due to emulsification and micelle formation".Comment.
21. Differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Give one
example for each.
22. What are the important features of a solid catalyst?
23. Give any four factors on which adsorption of a gas on a solid depend?
24. What is demulsification? Name two demulsifiers.
25. Give any two reasons for the origin of electrical charge on the colloidal
particles.
26. How is Langmuir adsorption isotherm superior to Freundlich adsorption
isotherm?
27. How can a solid adsorbent be activated?
28. What are the steps involved in the enzyme catalyzed reactions?
29. What is the difference between the lock-key model and the induced-fit model
of Enzyme action?
30. What is emulsion? What are their different types?
31. Differentiate between electrophoresis and electro-osmosis?
1. How are the colloids classified on the basis of the nature of interaction between
dispersed phase and dispersion medium? Describe an important characteristic
of each class. Which of these sols need stabilizing agents for preservation?
2. What are detergents? Give their scheme of classification. Why are the
detergents Preferred over soaps?
16
3. Illustrate with examples:
i) Lyophilic and Lyophobic sols.
ii) Multimolecular and Macromolecular colloids.
iii) Homogeneous and Heterogeneous catalysis.
4 Explain the following observations:
i) A beam of light passing through a colloidal solution has a visible path.
ii) Passing an electric current through a colloidal solution .
iii) Ferric hydroxide sol coagulates on addition of a solution of potassium
sulphate.
5 What are the two classes of emulsions? Give one example of each class.
6 (a) How can a colloidal solution and true solution of the same color be
distinguished from each other?
(b) List four applications of adsorption.
7. Explain the following observations:
(a) Lyophilic colloid is more stable than lyophobic colloid.
(b) Coagulation takes place when sodium chloride solution is added to
a colloidal solution of ferric hydroxide.
(c) Sky appears blue in color.
8 Explain the following terms giving a suitable example in each case:
(i) Emulsification
(ii) Homogeneous catalysis.
9 Explain what is observed when:
i) An electrolyte is added to ferric hydroxide sol.
ii) An emulsion is subjected to centrifugation.
iii) Direct current is passed through a colloidal sol.
10. Explain the following terms: i) Peptization
ii) Dialysis iii) Hardy- Schulze rule.
11. Explain the following terms giving an example in each case.
i) Emulsification ii)Coagulation iii)Electrophoresis.
12 What do you understand by activity and selectivity of catalysts? Describe some
features of catalysis by zeolites.
13 How do size of particles of adsorbent, pressure of gas and prevailing
temperature influence the extent of adsorption of a gas on a solid?
14. (a) In which of the following does adsorption take place and why?
i) Silica gel placed in the atmosphere saturated with water.
ii) Anhydrous CaCl2 placed in the atmosphere saturated with water.
(b) How does BF3 act as a catalyst in industrial process?
(c) Give an example of shape-selective catalysis.
15. What are micelles? How do they differ from ordinary colloidal particles? Give two
examples of micelles forming substances.
16. Describe the following types of colloids, giving one example for each:
multimolecular , macromolecular and associated colloids
17. Which will be adsorbed more readily on the surface of charcoal and why: NH 3 or
CO2?
17
UNIT 6: GENERAL PRINCIPLE AND PROCESSES
OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS
One mark questions

1. Give the name and composition of the ore chosen for extraction of aluminium.
2. What is leaching?
3. Why are cryolite and fluorospar added to alumina during electrolytic reduction?
4. Reduction with C for Cu2O can be done at a lower temperature than ZnO.
Why?
5. Although thermodynamically feasible in practice magnesium metal is not used
for the reduction of alumina. Why?
6. Define Metallurgy.
7. Why is hydraulic washing a type of gravity separation?
8. What is the use of Van Arkel method?
9. How is distillation used for metal refining?
10. Why do the anodes used in the elctrolytic cell for the reduction of alumina need
to be replaced regularly?
11. What is the role of depressant in froth floatation process?
12. State the role of silica in the metallurgy of copper.
13. What is the role of graphite rods in the electrometallurgy of aluminium?
14. What is refining of metals?
15. What is vapour phase refining?
16. Give the principle underlying the process used for refining of gallium.
17. State the principle on which the chromatographic methods of metal refining are
based?
. 18. Which is the purest form of iron and give its one use?
19. An Ore sample of Gelena (PbS) is contaminated with Zinc blend (ZnS). Name
one chemical which can be used to concentrate galena selectively by Froth
floatation method.
20. On what principle froth floatation process is carried for sulphide ores?
21. Why does CaO react with SiO2 to form a slag?
Two marks questions

1. What are minerals and how are they different from ores?
2. Name one ore each for iron and copper and give their chemical compositions.
3. What is the purpose of adding collectors and froth stabilisers during froth
floatation? Give an example for each.
4. How can the ores ZnS and PbS be separated from a mixture using froth
floatation process?
5. Give the equations involved in the concentration of bauxite ore.
6. Why is coke preferred over CO for reducing FeO?
7. How is cast iron different from pig iron?
8: Account for the following
a) Mond’s process for refining of Ni metal b) Zone refining
9. What is vapour phase refining? What are the necessary requirements for the
compound to be purified by vapour phase refining?
10 Draw a labelled diagram of blast furnace for the extraction of iron from its ore.
18
1. Give the reactions involved in the reduction of iron oxide to give iron in a blast
furnace.
2. How is copper extracted from low grade ores and scraps?
3. How is nickel refined?
4. How will you differentiate between ‘roasting and calcination’?
5. Account for the following facts:
a) The reduction of a metal oxide is easier if the metal formed is in liquid state
at the temperature of reduction.
b) The reduction of Cr2O3 with Aluminium is thermodynamically feasible, yet it
does not occur at room temperature.
c) Pine oil is used in Froth floatation method.
6. a) Name the method used for refining of i) Nickel ii) Zirconium
b) The extraction of Au by leaching with NaCN involves both Oxidation and
Reduction. Justify giving equations.
7. What chemical principle is involved in choosing a reducing agent for getting the
metal from its oxide Ore? Considering the metal oxides, Al 2O3 and Fe2O3, and
justify the choice of reducing agent in each case.
8. State the basis of refining a substance by chromatographic method. Under
what circumstances is this method specially useful?
9. The choice of a reducing agent in a particular case depends on thermodynamic
factor. How far do you agree with this statement? Support your opinion with two
examples.
10. (a) What is the meant by the term electrolytic refining?
(b) What is the signification of leaching in the extraction of Aluminium?
11. (a) Copper and silver lie below in the electrochemical series and yet they
are found in the combined state as sulphides in nature. Comment.
(b) Describe froth floatation process.
12. Name the chief ore of silver. Describe with chemical equations the extraction of
silver from this ore.
19
UNIT-7 : THE p-BLOCK ELEMENTS
One mark questions:
Account for the following:
1. There is a considerable increase in covalent radius from N to P.However, from
As to Bi only small increase in covalent radius is observed.
2. Ionisation enthalpy decreases down the group15.
3. The ionization enthalpy of the group15 elements is much greater than that of
group14 elements in the corresponding periods.
4. Nitrogen exists as diatomic molecule and phosphorus as P 4.
5. NH3 is basic while BiH3 is only feebly basic.
6. The HNH bond angle value is higher than HPH, HAsH, and HSb H bond
angles.
7. R3P = O exist but R3N = O does not.
8. Nitrogen shows catenation properties less than phosphorus.
9. Ammonia as higher boiling point than Phosphine.
10. H3PO3 is diprotic acid.
11. Oxides of nitrogen have open chain structures while those of phosphorus have
closed chain or cage structures.
12. A nitrogen atom has five valence electrons but it does not form the compound
NCl5.
13. All the bonds in the molecules of PCl5 are not equal.
14. In solid state PCl5 exists as Ionic compound.
15. Nitrogen does not form pentahalides.
16. NH3 is a good complexing agent.
17. Nitrogen shows anomalous behaviour.
18. Bi (V) is a strong oxidizing agent than Sb(V)
19. The first ionization energy of nitrogen is greater than oxygen.
20. NCl3 gets hydrolysed easily while NF3 does not.
21. PH3 has lower boiling point than NH3.
22. Pentahalides of group15 are more Covalent than tri halides.
23. N2 is less reactive at room temperature.
24. NH3 act as Lewis base.
25. Bond angle in PH4+ is higher than that in PH3.
26. NO2 is dimerises to form N2O4.
27. NO2 is coloured but N2O4 is colourless.
28. H3PO2 and H3PO3 act as good reducing agents while H3PO4 does not.
29. Nitrogen is chemically inert.
20
Complete the following chemical reactions:
1. NH4NO2
2. Ba(N3)2
3. (NH4)2Cr2O7
4. 8NH3 + 3Cl2
5. NH3 + 3Cl2 (in excess)
6. Ag+ + 2NH3 →
7. Cu2+ + 4NH3 →
8. Ca3P2 + 6H2O →
9. 4H3PO3 +Heat →
10. P4 + 3NaOH + 3H2O →
11. PH3 + HI → PH4I(salt)
12. P4+ 8SOCl2 →
13. P4+ 10SOCl2 →
14. PCl3 + 3H2O →
15. PCl5 + 4H2O →
16. 2Ag + PCl5 →
17. Sn + 2PCl5 →
18. Al2O3(s)+6HCl(aq)→
19. Al2O3(s) + 6NaOH(aq) + 3H2O(l) →
20. S + conc.2 H2SO4 →
21. Cu + conc. 2 H2SO4 →
22. 2H2S+ SO2 →
23. MnO2 + 4HCl →
24. 4HCl + O2 →
25. Cl2 + NaOH( cold & dil.) →
26. Cl2 + NaOH( hot & conc.) →
27. 2KMnO4 + 16HCl →
28. XeF2 + H2 O →
29. XeF4 + H2 O →
30. XeF6 + H2 O →
Arrange the following in increasing order of properties given in bracket in

front of them.
(i) NH3, PH3, AsH3, SbH3, BiH3 ( Basic Character )

(ii) H2O, H2S, H2Se, H2Te ( Boiling point )
(iii) F, Cl, Br, I ( Negative Electron gain enthalpy )
(iv) F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 ( Bond dissociation energy )
(v) HF, HCl, HBr, HI ( Acidic strength )
21
(vI) NH3, PH3, AsH3, SbH3, BiH3 ( Reducing nature )
(vii) ) NH3, PH3, AsH3, SbH3, BiH3 ( Bond angle )
(viii) NH3, PH3, AsH3, SbH3, BiH3 ( Thermal stability)
(ix) O, S, Se, Te, Po ( Negative electron gain enthalpy )
(x) F-, Cl-, Br-, I- ( Hydration enthalpy )
Two marks questions
1. What is meant by dissociation constant? Why dissociation constant Ka 2 is less

than Ka1 for H2SO4.
2. Why do atomic and ionic radii increase from top to bottom in the group16 and
why are group 16 elements called chalcogens?
3. The elements of group16 have lower ionisation enthalpy values compared to
those of Group15 in the corresponding periods. Also write down the trend of
ionisation enthalpy in group?
4. Electron gain enthalpy of oxygen atom is lessnegative than that of
sulphur.Why ?
5. What is meant by catenation ? Why does oxygen molecule has formula O 2
while Sulphur S8?
6. Give reason:
(i) There is large difference between the melting point of Oxygen & Sulphur.
(ii) Oxygen generally exhibit oxidation state of-2 only whereas other members of
the family exhibit +2, +4, +6 oxidation states also.
7 H2S acts as only reducing agent but SO 2 acts as a reducing as well as an
oxidizing agent.
8 Give reason
(i) Tendency to show-2 oxidation state diminishes from Sulphur to polonium
in group16.
(ii) SF6 used as gaseous electrical insulator.
9 What is meant by anomalous behaviour of oxygen ? Write two anomalous
properties of oxygen.
10. Give reason:
(i) Inspite of nearly the same electronegativity, oxygen forms hydrogen
bonding while chlorine does not
(ii) H2O is a liquid while H2S is a gas.
15. Arrange the following in increasing order of properties given below:
H2O,H2S,H2Se,H2Te [ bond angle ]
H2O,H2S,H2Se,H2Te [ Thermal stability ]
16. Account for the following:
(i) H2S is less acidic than H2Te.(ii) H2O has higher boiling point than H2S.
17. Which form of sulphur shows paramagnetic behaviour and why ? Draw the
structure of S6 and S8.
18. Assign the reason for the followings:
(i) SF6 is known but SH6 is not known (ii) SCl6 is not known but SF6 is known.
22
19. Give reasons for the followings.
(i) SF6 is not easily hydrolysed
(ii) SF4 is easily hydrolysed SF6 is not easily hydrolysed
20. Name the two important allotropes of sulphur, which of the two stable at room
temperature. What happen when most stable form get heated ?
24 Arrange the following in order properties indicated for each set,
21. (i) F2,Cl2,Br2,I2 (Increasing bond dissociationenthalpy).
(ii) HF,HCl,HBr,HI( increasing acidic strength.)
22. Why O3 is a good oxidising agent? How is ozone estimated ?

1. Write the name and draw the shape of following : H 2SO4,H2SO3, H2S2O8 .
2. Describe Contact process for the manufacture of sulphuric acid with special
reference to reaction condition, catalyst used and yield in the process.
3. How does Xenon atom form compounds even though xenon atom has a closed
shell electronic configuration?
4. How is ammonia prepared on a large scale. Name the process and mention the
optimum conditions for the production of ammonia by this process.
5. Draw the structure of the following : XeOF 4, XeO3, XeF6, XeF4, XeF2 and
XeO2F2.
6. Describe the process for preparation for HNO 3 .and what happens when
dilute and concentrated HNO3 react with Zn. Draw the resonating
structure of nitrate ion

1(a) Draw the structures of the following molecules:
(i) N2O5 (ii) ClF3
(b) Give reason for the followings:
(i) The electron gain enthalpy of sulphur atom has a greater negative value than
that of oxygen atom.
(ii) Nitrogen does not form pentahalides.
(iii) In aqueous solutions, HI is a stronger acid than HCl.
2. When conc. H2SO4 was added into an unknown salt present in a test tube, a
brown gas (A) was evolved. This gas intensified when copper turnings were
also added into this test tube. On cooling, the gas(A) changed into a colourless
gas(B). (a) Identify the gases A and B.
(b) Write the equations for the reactions involved.
3. (a) Illustrate how copper and zinc give different products on reaction with HNO 3.
(b) Give two uses of HNO3.
4. (a) What inspired N.Bartlett for carrying out reaction between Xe and PtF 6 ?
(b) Why has it been difficult to study the chemistry of radon ?
(c) Complete the following reactions:
(i) Cl2 +NaOH( cold& dil.) →
(ii)2KMnO4 +16HCl →
23
UNIT- 8 : THE d & f-BLOCK ELEMENTS
One mark questions
Account for the following :-
1. Zn,Cd and Hg are not considered as transition elements.

2. Scandium is a transition element but Zinc is not.
3. Transition elements exhibit higher enthalpy of atomization.
4. Transition metals show paramagnetic behaviour.
5. Transition metals form complexes.
6. Transition metals form interstitial compounds.
7. Most of the transition metals form alloys.
8. Transition elements generally form coloured compounds.
9. Transition elements show variable oxidation states.
10. Transition metals exhibit higher oxidation state in oxides and fluorides.
11. There occurs much more frequent metal-metal bonding in compounds of heavy
transition elements (3rdseries).
12. Most of the transition metals and their compounds possess catalytic properties.
13. Chromium has highest melting point amongst 3d-series elements.
14. In general the atomic radii of transition elements decreases with atomic number
in the given series.
15. Members of second (4d) and the third (5d) series in each group of transition
elements have similar radii.
16. Zr and Hf exhibit similar properties.
17. There is in general increase in density of element from titanium to copper.
18. Mn2+ exhbits maximum paramagnetism.
19. Zn+2 salts are white but Cu+2 are coloured.
20. Out of Ag2SO4, CuF2, MgF2 and CuCl which compound will be coloured and
why ?
21. Zr and Hf are found together in nature.
22. E0 value for the Mn3+ /Mn2+ couple much for positive than that for Cr3+/ Cr2+
23. Of the d species, Cr2+ is strongly reducing while Mn+3 is strongly oxiding.
24. Cr2+ is a stronger reducing agent Fe 2+
25. CrO42- is a strong oxiding agent while MnO -4 is not.
26. Cu+ ion is not stable in aqueous solutions.
27. The greatest number of oxidation states are exhibited by the elements in the
middle of transition series.
28. The third ionization enthalpy of manganese (Z=25) is exceptionally high.
29. Cu+ ion has d10 configuration while Cu+2 has d9 configuration still Cu+2 is
stable in aqueous solutions.
30. E0 value for the Mn2+/ Mn much more than expected.
31. E0 value for the Cu2+ / Cu is positive.
32. Although Co2+ ion appears to be stable it is easily oxidized to Co 3+ ion in the
presence of a strong ligand.
33. The increasing oxidizing power of Oxoanions are in the order VO 2+ < Cr2O7-2
<MnO4-ion in the presence of a strong ligand.
24
34. The lowest oxide of transition metal is basic, the highest is amphoteric /
acidic.
35. MnO is basic while Mn2O7 is acidic in nature.
36. Metal-metal bonding is more frequent for the 4d & 5d series of transition
metals than that for the series.
37. Chromium is a typical hard metal while mercury is a liquid.
38. Cobalt (II) is stable in aqueous solution but in the presence of complexing
reagents it is easily oxidized.
39. K2[PtCl6] is well known compound where as the corresponding Ni compound
is not known.
40. In the titration of FeSO4 with KMnO4, in acidic medium, why is dil H2SO4 used
instead of dil HCl.
41. KMnO4 is a stronger oxidizing Agent in an acidic medium than in
alkalinemedium.
42. Chemistry of all the lanthanoids is quite similar.
43. Size of trivalent lanthanoid cations decreases with increase in the atomic
number.
44. It is difficult to separate lanthanoid elements in pure state.
45. Ce4+ in aqueous solution is a good oxidizing agent.
46. Ce3+ can be easily oxidized to Ce4+.
47. d-block elements exhibit more oxidation states than f block elements.
48. Actinoids contraction is greater from element to element than lanthanoid
contraction.
49. The actinoids exhibit larger number of oxidation states than the
corresponding lanthanoids.
50. La3+ and Lu3+ do not show any colour in solutions.
51. Complete and balance the following chemical reactions :
(a) Cu+2 + l- →
(b) Cr2O72- + l- + H+ →
(c) Cr2O72- + H2S + H+ →
(d) Cr2O72- + Sn2++ H+ →
(e) Cr2O72- + Fe2+ +H+ →
(f) MnO4- + H+ + C2O42- →
(g) MnO4- + H+ + Fe2+ →
(h) MnO4- + H+ + l- →
(j) MnO4- + NO2- + H+ →
(k) MnO4- + l- + H-+→
(l) Mn2+ + H2O + l2 →
(m) MnO4- + S2- + H+ →
(n) SO32- + MnO4- + H+ →
Two marks questions
1. Name the oxometal anions of the first series of the transition metals in which
the metal exhibit oxidation state equal to its group number.
2. What may be the possible oxidation states of transition metals with the
following electronic configuration in the ground states in their atoms?
(i) 3d34s2 (ii) 3d54s2 (iii) 3d6 4s2
25
3. How Potassium dichromate is prepared from Chromite ore. Give the
equations for the Chemical reactions involve.
4. The chromates and dichromates are interconvertible in aqueous solution
depending upon pH of the solution. Give reactions.
5. How Potassium permanganate is prepared from pyrolusite (MnO 2). Write the
chemical equations for the involved reactions.
6. What is meant by “disproportionation” of an oxidation state ? Give two
examples.
7. Compare the chemistry of lanthanoids with that of the actinoids with
reference to (i) electronic configuration (ii) Oxidation state (iii) atomic size
and ionic size (iv) chemical reactivity.
8. What is Lanthanoid contraction ? Give its reason. What are its
consequences?
9. Name the members of the lanthanoid series which exhibit +4 oxidation states
and those which exhibit +2 oxidation states.
10. Use Hund’s rule to derive the electronic configuration of Ce 3+ ion, and
calculate its magnetic moment on the basis of spin-only formula.
11. Name an important alloy which contains some of the lanthanoid metals.
Mention its uses.
5 marks questions
1. A mixed oxide of iron and chromium FeO.Cr 2O3 is fused with sodium
carbonate in the presence of air to form a yellow coloured compound (A).
On acidification the compound (A) forms an orange coloured compound
(B), which is a strong oxidizing agent.
(i) Identify the compound A and B.
(ii) Write balanced chemical equation for each step.
2. (a) A blackish brown solid (A), when fused with alkali metal hydroxides in
gthe presence of air, produces a dark green colour compound (B), which on
electrolytic oxidation in alkaline medium gives a dark purple coloured
compound (C). Identify A, B & C and write the reaction involved.
(b) What happens when an acidic solution of green compound (B) is
allowed to stand for sometime? Give the equation involved. What is this
type reaction called.
3. a) Give reason for the following:
(i) Cr2+ is strongly reducing while manganese (III) is strongly oxiding agent.
(ii) Cu+ ion is not stable in aqueous solutions.
(iii) Zr and Hf found together in nature.
b) Complete the following reactions and balance them.
(i) Cr2O72- + Sn2++ H+ →
(ii) MnO4- + H+ + C2O42- →
26
UNIT-9 : COORDINATION COMPOUND
One mark questions
1. What do you understand by coordination compounds?

2. What is coordination number?
3. Name the different types of stereoisomerisms in coordination compounds.
4. What is spectrochemical series?
5. What do you understand by denticity of a ligand?
6. Why is CO a stronger ligand than Cl-?
7. Why are low spin tetrahedral complexes not formed?
8. What are crystal fields?
9. What is meant by chelate effect? Give an example .
10. What is the difference between homoleptic and heteroleptic complexes?
11. How many ions are produced from the complex: [Co(NH 3)6]Cl2
12. What is the oxidation number of cobalt in K[Co(CN) 4] ?
13. Which compound is used to estimate the hardness of water volumetrically?
14. Magnetic moment of [MnCl4]2-is 5.92 BM. Explain?
15. How many donor atoms are present in EDTA ligand?
Two marks questions
1. Give the electronic configuration of the following complexes on the basis of

crystal field splitting theory. i) [CoF6]3- ii) [Fe(CN)6]4-
2. Explain the following with examples:
i) Linkage isomerism ii) Ionisation isomerism
3. i)Low spin octahedral complexes of nickel are not found . Explain why?
ii) Transition elements form complexes .Explain?
4. How would you account for the following:
i) [Ti(H2O)6]3+ is coloured while [Sc(H2O)6]3+ is colourless.
ii) [Ni(CO)4] possesses tetrahedral geometry whereas [Ni(CN) 4]2-is square planar.
5. Give the stereochemistry and the magnetic behaviour of the following
complexes: i) [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 ii) K2[Ni(CN)4]
6. Draw the structures of isomers, if any and write the names of the following
complexes: i) [Cr(NH3)4Cl2]+ ii) [Co(en)3]3+
7. Why is hydrated copper sulphate blue in colour whereas anhydrous copper
sulphate colourless?
8. Calculate the magnetic moment of the metal ions present in the following
complexes: i) [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 ii) [Ni(CN)4]2-
9. Square planar complexes with coordination number 4 exhibit
geometricalisomerism whereas tetrahedral complexes do not. Why?
10. What do you understand by ambidentate ligand? Give two examples.
1. (a) What is a ligand? Give an example of a bidentate ligand.
27
(b) Explain as to how the two complexes of nickel,[Ni(CN) 4]2-and [Ni(CO)4 ]
havedifferent structures but donot differ in theirmagnetic behaviour.( Ni=28)
2. Give IUPAC nomenclate the following complexes:
i) [Co(NH3)5(SO4)]Cl ii)[CoCl2(en)2]Cl iii) K4[Fe(CN) 6]
3. (a) Why do compounds with similar geometry have different magnetic moment?
(b) What is the relationship between the observed colour and wavelength oflight
absorbed by the complex?
4. Explain the following terms giving a suitable example.
(a) Coordination entity
(b) Denticity of a ligand
(c) Crystal field splitting in an octahedral field
5. (a) Why is crystal field splitting in tetrahedral field opposite to octahedral field?
(b) Give one limitation of crystal field theory.
6. Draw structures of geometrical isomers of the following complexes:
(I) [Fe(NH3)2(CN)4]- (II)[CrCl2(ox)2]3- (III)[Co(en)3]Cl3
7. On the basis of VBT predict hybridisation, the shape and the magnetic
behaviour of the following complexes:
(i) [Co(en)3]Cl3 (ii) K2[Ni(CN)4] (iii)[Fe(CN)6]3-
8. How would you account for the following:
(i) [Ti(H2O)6]3+is coloured while [Sc(H2O)6]3+ is colourless .
(ii) [ Fe(CN)6]3-is weakly paramagnetic while [ Fe(CN)6]4-is diamagnetic.
(iii)[ Ni(CO)4 ] possess tetrahedral geometry while [Ni (CN)4]2-is square planar.
9. Explain the following ::
(i) low spin octahedral complexes of Ni are not known.
(ii) The pi – complexes are known for transition elements only.
(iii) CO is a stronger ligand than NH3 for many metals
10. What do you mean by stability of a coordination compounds in solutions?
State any two factors which govern the stability of complexes.
28
UNIT 10 : HALOALKANES AND HALOARENES
One mark questions
1. What happens when tert-butyl alcohol is treated with HCl in anhydrous ZnCl2.
2. Arrange the following halides in order of increasing SN² reactivity :
CH3 — Cl, CH3 — Br, CH3CH2Cl, (CH3)2 CHCl
3. Alkyl halides, though polar, are immiscible with water. Why ?
4. p-Dichlorbenzene has higher melting point and lower solubility than those of
o- and m- isomers. Discuss.
5. The treatment of alkyl chlorides with aq KOH leads to the formation of

alcohols but in presence of alcoholic KOH, alkenes are the major products.
Explain.
6. Grignard reagents should be prepared under anhydrous conditions. Why
7. Haloalkanes react with KCN to form alkyl cyanides as major product while
AgCN form isocyanide as the chief product. Explain.
8. Explain why is Chlorobenzene difficult to hydrolyse than ethyl chloride ?
9. Tert-butyl chloride reacts with aq. NaOH by SN¹ mechanism while n-butyl
chloride reacts by SN² mechanism. Why ?
11. R—Cl is hydrolysed to R—OH slowly but the reaction is rapid if a catalytic
amount of KI is added to the reaction mixture.
11. Explain why : Haloalkanes undego nucleophilic substitutions whereas
Haloarenes undegoes electrophilic substitutions.
12. Why alkyl halides are generally not prepared in laboratory by free radical
halogenation of alkanes ?
13 Why preparation of aryl iodide by electrophilic substitution requires presence
of an oxidising agent ? Why can aryl flouride not be prepared by this method ?
1 4. Why is Sulphuric acid not used during reaction of alcohol with KI ?
15. Why aryl halides are extremely less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution
16. Why thionyl chloride method is preferred for preparing alkyl chloride from
alcohols ?
17. Why does 2-bromopentane gives pent-2-ene as major product in elimination
reaction ?
18. Why is bond angle in ethers slightly greater than tetrahedral angle ?
19. Alcohols reacts with halogen acids to form haloalkenes but phenol does not
form halobenzene. Explain.
20. Out of benzene and phenol, which is more easily nitrated and why?
Two marks questions

1. How will you account for the following:
a) Ethers possess a net dipole moment even if they are symmetrical in
structure
b) o-nitrophenol is more acidic than o-methoxy phenol
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2. How do 1°, 2° and 3° alcohols differ in terms of their oxidation reaction and
dehydrogenation ?
3. Why is preparation of ethers by acid catalysed dehydration of 2° and 3°
alcohols not a suitable method ? Give examples with Chemical reactions
4. (a) Which of the following two compounds would react faster by SN 2 pathway:
1-bromobutane (OR) 2-bromobutane.
(b) Allyl Chloride is more reactive than n-propyl Chloride towards nucleophilic
substitution reactions. Explain
5. How would you convert: a) Benzene to Biphenylb) Aniline to Chlorobenzene.
6. (i) Arrange in order of property indicated:
CH3CH2CH2CH2Br, (CH3)3Br, (CH3)3CHCH2 Br (Increasing boiling
point)
(ii) CH3F, CH3I, CH3Cl, CH3Br (nucleophilic substitution)
Three marks questiions
1. Answer the following

i) What is meant by chirality of the compound. Give an example.
ii) Which one of the following compounds is more easily hydrolysed by KOH
and why?
CH3CHClCH2CH3 or CH3CH2CH2Cl
iii) Which one undergoes SN2 substitution reaction faster in the above and why?
2. a) Write a chemical test to distinguish between
i) Chloro benzene and Benzyl chloride
ii) Chloroform and carbon tetrachloride
b) Why methyl chloride more easily hydrolysed than Chlorobenzene
1. (I) How is diethyl ether prepared from ethyl alcohol ?

(II) Complete the reaction:
(a) CH3OCH3 + PCl5
(b) C2H5OCH3 + HCl
(c) (C2H5)2 O + HCl
2. How can we produce nitro benzene from phenol ?
Identify A, B, C, D, E, R, R¹ in the following :
Dry ether H2O
(i) Br + Mg A B
Dry ether D2O

(ii) R — Br + Mg C CH3 — CH — CH3 D
CH3 CH3
| | Na/ether Mg H 2O
(iii) CH3 — C — C — CH3 R¹X D E
| |
30
CH3 CH3
UNIT 11 : ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS

One mark questions
1. What is the main product obtained when vapours of t-butyl alcohol is passed
over copper at 300°C?
2. What is usually added to ethyl alcohol to make it unfit for drinking purposes?
3. Phenol has smaller dipole moment than methanol. Why?
4. Name the products obtained when anisole is treated with HI.
5. Why are Grignard reagents soluble in ether but not in benzene?
6. Alcohols are easily protonated than phenols. Justify.
7. Draw the structure of hex-1-en-3-ol compound
8. While separating a mixture of ortho and para-nitro phenols by steam
distillation, name the isomer which will be steam volatile. Give reasons.
9. How an —OH group attached to carbon in the benzene ring activates
benzene towards electrophilic substitution?
10. Why ethers are cleaved by acids not by bases.?
Two marks questions
1. Phenols do not undergo substitution of the — OH group like alcohols. Explain.

2. Alcohols act as weak bases. Explain.
3. Write the mechanism of hydration of ethene to yield ethanol.
4 Di-tert butyl ether cannot be made by Williamson’s synthesis. Explain why ?
5. Explain the mechanism of the dehydration steps of Ethanol at 443K.
6. Name the different reagents needed to perform the following reactions
a) Phenol to benzene b) Butan-2-one to Butan-2-ol
c) Friedel Crafts Alkylation of Anisole d) Dehydrogenation of Ethanol to
Ethanal
7. Explain the following with an example for each :
a) Kolbe’s Reaction b) Reimer Tiemann Reaction
8. Explain the following:
a) Alcohols are more soluble in water than the hydrocarbons of comparable
molecular masses
b) Ortho-nitrophenol is more acidic than ortho- methoxy phenol
9. Give a separate chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of
compounds; a) Ehanol and Phenol b) Pentan-2-ol and Pentan-3-ol
10. How is 1-Propoxypropane synthesised from Propan-1-ol?

1. How do you convert the following?
a) Phenol to anisole b) Propan-2-ol to 2-Methyl propan -2-ol
c) Aniline to Phenol
2. Give reasons for the following
a) Phenol is a stronger acid than alcohol
b) Boiling point of Ethanol is higher in comparison to Methoxy methane
c) Phenol is partially soluble in water
31
d)
3. Write the IUPAC name of the given compounds
a) C6H5O(CH2)6 − CH3 b) CH2=C(CH3) CH2OH c)
4. Write the IUPAC name of Cumene. Give the equations of reactions for the
preparation of Phenol from cumene.
5. Write the equation of the reaction of Hydrogen Iodide with
a) 1-Propoxypropane b) Methoxy benzene c) Benzylethyl ether
6. Show how will you synthesise
a) 1-Phenyl ethanol from suitable alkene
b) Cyclohexylmethanol using an alkyl halide by an S N2 reaction
c) Pentan-1-ol using suitable alkyl halide
7. Write the names of reagents and equations for the preparation of the following
ethers by William son’s synthesis
a) 1-Propaxypropane b) Ethoxy benzene c) 2-methoxy -2-methylpropane
1. i) How are the following conversions carried out:

a) Propene to propan-2-ol
b) Methyl magnesium bromide to 2-Methylpropan-2-ol
c) Phenol to picric acid
ii) Arrange the following sets of compounds in order of their increasing boiling
points: a) Pentan-1-ol , Butan-1-ol, Butan-2-ol, Ethanol, Propanol, Methanol
b) Pentanol, n-Butane, Ethoxy ethane, Pentanal
2 Name the reagents used in the following reactions
a) Oxidation of a primary alcohol to carboxylic acid
b) Oxidation of a primary alcohol to aldehyde
c) Bromination of Phenol to 2,4,6-tribromophenol
d) Benzyl alcohol to Benzoic acid
e) Butan-2-one to Butan-2-ol
1. Write the structures of the compounds whose IUPAC names are as follows
a) 1-Phenylpropan-2-ol
b) 2-Ethoxy-3-methylpentane
c) 3- cyclohexyl pentan-3-ol
d) 3-chloromethyl pentan-1-ol
e) Cyclopent-3-en-1-ol
32
UNIT -12 : ALDEHYDES, KETONES AND CARBOXYLIC ACID
One mark questions
1) .Suggest a reason for the large difference in the boiling points of butanol and
butanal, although they have same solubility in water.
2) What type of aldehydes undergo Cannizaro reaction ?
3) Name the reaction and the reagent used for the conversion of acid chlorides
to the corresponding aldehydes
4) Out of acetophenone and benzophenone, which gives iodoform test ? Write
the reaction involved.
5) Name the aldehyde which does not give Fehling’s test.
6) What makes acetic acid a stronger acid than phenol ?
7) During preparation of esters from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the
presence of an acid catalyst, water or the ester formed should be removed as
soon as it is formed.
8) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their acid strength
Benzoic acid,4-Nitrobenzoic acid,3,4-dinitro benzoic acid, 4-methoxy benzoic
acid.
9) Why are aldehydes more reactive than ketones ?
10) Name one reagent which can distiguish between 2-pentanone and 3-
pentanone
11) Would you expect benzaldehyde to be more reactive or less reactive in
nucleophlic addition reaction than propanal ? Explain.
12) Why does methanal not give aldol condensation while ethanol gives ?
13) Why does methanal undergoes Cannizaro’s rxn ?
14) Arrange the following in increasing order of boiling points :CH 3CH2CH2OH,
CH3CH2CH2CH3, CH3CH2—OCH2CH3, CH3CH2CH2CHO
15) Why does solubility decreases with increasing molecular mass in carboxylic
acid ?
16) Although phenoxide ion has more no. of resonating structures than
carboxylate ion, carboxylic acid is a stronger acid. Why ?
17) Write the structure of alkenes that on ozonolysis will give ketone only
18) What is the function of BaSO4 in rosenmund reaction?
19) Which acid of each pair shown here would you expect to be stronger ?
CH3COOH or FCH 2COOH
20) There are two — NH2 group in semicarbazide. However, only one is involved
in formation of semicarbazones. Why ?
21) Write the structures of the following compounds
(i)2-Hydroxycyclopentane carbaldehyde (ii)Di-sec. butyl ketone
Two marks questions
1) Arrange the following carboxyl compounds in increasing order of their

reactivity towards nucleophilic addition reactions. Explain with proper
reasoning :
Benzaldehyde.p-tolualdeyde, p-nitrobenzaldehyde, Acetophenone.
2) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their boiling points.
Explain by giving reasons.
33
CH3CHO, CH3CH2OH, CH3OCH3, CH3CH2CH3
3) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their reactivity
towards HCN. Explain it with proper reasoning.
Acetaldehyde, Acetone, Di-tert-butyl ketone, Methyl tert-butyl ketone.
4) Write structural formulae and names of four possible aldol condensation
products from propanal and butanal. In each case, indicate which aldehyde
acts as nucleophile and which as electrophile
5) What are nucleophilic addition reactions ? Why aldehydes are more reactive
than ketones towards nucleophilic addition reactions?
6) Would you expect benzaldehyde to be more reactive or less reactive in
nucleophilic addition reactions than propanal? Give your answer.
7) Give simple test to distinguish between the following pair of compounds
I. Propanal and propanone
II. Acetophenone and benzophenone
III. Phenol and benzoic acid
IV. Benzoic acid and ethyl benzoate
V. Pentan –2-one and pentan-3-one
VI. Benzaldehyde and acetophenone
VII. Ethanal and propanal
VIII. Acetaldehyde and acetone
IX. Methanoic acid and Ethanoic acid.
X. Ethanal and Benzaldehyde
8) Describe the following reaction (i)Acetylation (ii)Cannizzaro reaction
(iii)Hell-Volhard-Zelinskyreaction (iv)Decarboxylation (v) Etardreaction
(vi) Aldol condensation
9) How will you bring about the following conversions in not more than two
steps?
(i) Propanone to Propene (ii) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde
(iii)Ethanol to 3-Hydroxybutanal (iv) Benzene to m-Nitroacetophenone
(ix) Benzoic acid to m- Nitrobenzyl alcohol
10) Write theMechanism of esterification of carboxylic acids
11) Explain why o-hydroxybenzaldehyde is a liquid at room temperature while
p-hydroxybenzaldehyde is a high melting solid.

1. A organic compound ‘A’ (molecular formula C 3H6O) is resistant to oxidation but
forms a compound ‘B’ (C3H8O) on reduction. ‘B’ reacts with HBr to form a
bromide ‘C’ which on treatment with alcoholic KOH forms an alkene ‘D’ (C 3H6).
Deduce the structures of A,B,C and D.
2. A compound ‘A’ which has characteristic odour, on treatment with NaOH forms
two compounds ‘B’ and ‘C’. compound ‘B’ has the molecular formula C 7H8O
which on oxidation gives back compound ‘A’. Compound ‘C’ is the sodium salt of
an acid , ‘C’ when heated with soda lime yields an aromatic hydrocarbon ‘D’.
Deduce the structures of A,B,C and D.
3. An organic compound ‘A’ has the molecular formula C 5H10O. it does not reduce
Fehling solution but forms a bisulphate compound. It also gives positive iodoform
test. What are possible structures of ‘A’?
34
4. A compound ‘A’ with molecular formula C 5H10 O gave a positive 2,4-DNP test
but a negative Tollen,s test. It was oxidized to carboxylic acid ‘B’ with molecular
formula C3H6O2. Sodium salt of ‘B’ gave a hydrocarbon ‘C’ on Kolbe’s electrolytic
reduction. Identify A,B and C and write the chemical equations for the reaction.

1. 1.An organic compound (A) with molecular formula C8H8O forms anorange-
red precipitate with 2,4-DNP reagent and gives yellowprecipitate on heating
with iodine in the presence of sodiumhydroxide. It neither reduces Tollens’ or
Fehlings’ reagent, nor doesit decolourise bromine water or Baeyer’s reagent.
On drastic oxidationwith chromic acid, it gives a carboxylic acid (B) having
molecularformula C7H6O2. Identify the compounds (A) and (B) and explain
thereactions involved.
2. An organic compound contains 69.77% carbon, 11.63% hydrogen and rest
oxygen.The molecular mass of the compound is 86. It does not reduce
Tollens’ reagentbut forms an addition compound with sodium
hydrogensulphite and give positiveiodoform test. On vigorous oxidation it
gives ethanoic and propanoic acid. Write the possible structure of the
compound.
3. Write the reactions involved in the following : (2+3)
a. (i) Etard reaction (ii) Stephen reduction
b. How will you convert the following in not more than two steps :
i. Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde (ii) Acetophenone to Benzoic acid
ii. Ethanoic acid to 2-Hydroxyethanoic acid
4.
35
UNIT 13 : AMINES
One mark questions
1- Write IUPAC names of the following amines: (1mark each)

a) CH3CH2CH(CH3)-NH2
b) CH3NHCH(CH3)2
c) (CH3)3N
d) C6H5NHCH3
e) C6H5NH-CO-CH3
f) p-NH2-C6H4-OCH3
g) NH2(CH2)6NH2
h) C6H5-NH-C6H5
i) C6H5-NH-CH3
2- Give an example of each of following reactions : (1mark each)
a) Hoffman bromamide reaction

b) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis
c) Gattermann reaction
d) Coupling reaction
e) Hoffman’s ammonolysis
f) Carbylamine reaction
g) Acetylation of aniline.
3. Give one chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of Compounds:
a) methylamine and dimethylamine
b) secondary and tertiary amine
c) ethylamine and aniline
d) aniline and benzylamine
e) methylamine and methanol
f) methylamine and N, N-dimethylamine
g) ethanol and ethanamine
4 .Explain why:
i. The C-N-C bond angle in trimethyl amine is 108 o .

ii. The quaternary ammonium salts having four different alkyl groups are
optically active.
iii. Alkylamines are more basic than ammounia.
iv. Aniline can not be prepared by Gabriel phthalimide synthesis.
v. Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is preferably used for synthesizing primary
amines.
vi. Ethylamine is soluble in water but aniline is not.
vii. Aniline is soluble in dilute HCl.
viii. Amines have lower boiling point than alcohols of comparable molecular
masses.
ix. Primary amines have higher boiling points than secondary amines which
in turn are higher boiling than tertiary amines.
x. The pKbvalue of benzeneamine is 9.33 while that of ammonia is 4.75.
36
xi. Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction.
xii. Aniline readily forms 2,4,6-tribromoaniline on reaction with bromine water.
xiii. Sulphanilic acid is soluble in water.
xiv. Methylamine in water reacts with ferric chloride to precipitate hydrated
ferric oxide.
xv. Diazonium salt of aromatic amines are more stable than the diazonium
salts of aliphatic amines.
xvi. Although amino group is o , p- directing in aromatic electrophilic
substitution reactions, aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of m-
nitroaniline.
5. Arrange the following :
i) In deacrese order of the pKb values:
C2H5NH2, C6H5NHCH3, (C2H5) 2NH and C6H5NH2
ii) In increase order of the basic Strength:
C6H5NH2, C6H5N(CH3)2, (C2H5) 2NH and CH3NH2
iii) In increase order of the basic Strength:
Aniline,p-nitroaniline and p-toluidine
6. Give one chemical test each to distinguish between the compound in the
following pairs: (1mark each)
i) Methylamine and dimethylamine
ii) Aniline and benzylamine
iii) Methanamine and aniline
iv) N-methylmethanamine and N,N-dimethylmethanamine
Two marks questions
7. Identify A and B in each of the following processes:

NaCN reduction
i) CH3 CH2Cl A B
ii) C6H5NH2 NaNO2/HCl A C6H5NH2 OH- B

8. Arrange the following substance :
C6H5NH2, (C2H5)NH, (C2H5)3N, C2H5NH2
i) In an increasing order of basic strength in water.
ii) In an decreasing order of basic strength in gas phase.
9. Why do amines act as nucleophiles? Give example of a reaction in which
methylamine acts as a nucleophile
Three marks Questions
1. Write chemical equation for the following conversions:

i) Nitrobenzene to benzoic acid.
ii) Benzyl chloride to 2-phenylethenamine.
iii) Aniline to benzyl alcohol.
2. How will you convert:
I. Aniline in to phenol
II. Aniline in to p-hydroxyazobenzene
III. Aniline in to benzene
37
1. Three isomeric amines A,B and C have the molecular formula C 3H9N.
Compound A on reaction with benzene sulphonyl chloride forms a product
which is soluble in NaOH. Compound B on reaction with benzene sulphonyl
chloride forms a product which is insoluble in NaOH and compound C does
not react with benzene sulphonyl chloride. Identify A,B and C.
2. An organic compound A (C2H3N) is used as a solvent of choice for many

organic reactions because it is not reactive in mild acidic and basic conditions.
Compound A on treatment with Ni/H2 forms B. when B is treated with nitrous
acid at 273K ethanol is obtained. When B is warmed with choloroform and
NaOH a foul smelling compound C formed. Identify A, B and C.
3. An organic compound [A] C3H6O2 on reaction with ammonia followed by

heating yield B. Compound B on reaction with Br 2 and alc. NaOH gives
compound C, (C2H7N). Compound C forms a foul smelling compound D on
reaction with chloroform and NaOH. Identify A,B,C,D and the write the
equations of reactions involved.
4. A hydrocarbon ‘A’ (C4H8) on reaction with HCl gives a compound ‘B’(C 4H9Cl),
Which on reaction with 1 mol of NH 3 gives compound ‘C’,( C4H11N). On
reacting with NaNO2 and HCl followed by treatment with water compound ‘C’
yield an optically active alcohol,’D’. Ozonolysis of ‘A’ gives 2 mols of
acetaldehyde . Identify compound ‘A’ to ‘D’. Explain the reaction involved.
5. A colourless substance ‘A’(C6H7N) is sparingly soluble in water and gives a
water soluble compound ‘B’ on treatment with minerals acid. On
reacting with CHCl3 and alcoholic potash ‘A’ producers an obnoxious smell
due to the formation of compound ‘C’ reaction of ‘A’ with benzene sulphonyl
chloride gives compound ‘D’ which is soluble in alkali. With NaNO 2 and
HCl ,’A’ forms compound ‘E’ which react with phenol in alkaline medium
to give an orange Dye F.Identify compounds A to F
38
UNIT -14 : BIOMOLECULES
One mark questions
1. What do you understand by the glycosidic linkage?

2. What is the major structural polysaccharide in higher plants?
3. Which polysaccharide is stored in liver of animals?
4. Name two carbohydrates which act as biofuels?
5. What is isoelectric point?
6. Name the enzymes present in the saliva of human beings.
7. Name the enzyme that is used to dissolve blood clots.
8. Name the enzyme that breaks large protein into small peptides.
9. Explain why vitamin C cannot be stored in the body?
10. Name the vitamin deficiency of which is responsible for poor coagulation of
blood.
11. What is the function of ‘fibrinogen’ in the blood?
12. Name the purines present in DNA.
13. Name the molecule which provides energy for all activities of a cell.
1. Name the two components of D-glucose which constitute starch.

2. What is the difference between amylose and amylopectin?
3. Sucrose is dextrorotatory but the mixture obtained after hydrolysis is
laevorotatory. Explain.
4. What is the difference between α-form of glucose and β-form of glucose?
Explain.
5. Name the sugar present in milk. How many monosaccharide units are present
in it? What are such oligosaccharides called?
6. Which sugar is called invert sugar? Why it is called so?
7. Amino acids behave like salts rather than simple amines or carboxylic acids.
Explain.
8. How will you distinguish 1o and 2o hydroxyl groups present in glucose?
9. What you understand by primary structure and secondary structure of
proteins?
10. The melting points and solubility in water of amino acids are generally higher
than that of the corresponding haloacids. Explain.
11. Protein found in a biological system with a unique three dimensional structure
and biological activity is called a native protein, When a protein in its native
form, is subjected to a physical change like change in temperature or a
chemical change like change in pH, denaturation of protein takes place.
Explain the cause.
12. Coagulation of egg white on boiling is an example of denaturation of protein.
Explain it in terms of structural changes.
39
13. How do enzymes help a substrate to be attacked by the reagent effectively?
14. Where does the water present in the egg go after boiling egg?
Three marks questions:
1. What is the difference betweenα −glucose∧ β−glucose? What is meant by

pyranose structure of glucose?
2. α −h elixIs a secondary structure of proteins formed by twisting of polypeptide
chain into right handed screw like structures. Which type of interaction are
responsible for making the α −h elix structure stable?
3. An optically active compound having molecular formula C 6H12O6 it found in two
isomeric forms (A) and (B) in nature when (A) and (B) are dissolved in water
they show the following equilibrium.
( A) ⇌ Equilibrium mixture ⇌ ( B)
¿ 52. 2o 19. 2O
i. What are such isomers called
ii. Can they be called enantiomers? Justify your answer.
iii. Draw the cyclic structure of isomers (A) .
4. Write about the following on protein synthesis.
i) Name the location where protein synthesis occurs in the cell.
ii) How do 64 codons code for only 20 aminoacids?
iii) Which of the two bases of the codon are more important for coding?
5. Glucose or sucrose is soluble in water but cyclohexane or benzene (simple six
membered ring compounds) is insoluble in water. Explain (molecular mass 80).
6. Write the differences between DNA and RNA
7. What are essential and non essential amino acid gives example of each type
8. explain the following:
(i) Amphoteric nature of amino acid?
(II) the presence of all the six carbon atoms in glucose in a straight chain
(ii) the presence of five –OH groups in glucose molecules?
9. Which of the following is a polysachharides:
Starch, Maltose, Fructose, Glucose.
(ii) Write one difference between α-helix and β-pleated structure of protein.
(iii) write the name of disease caused by deficiency of vitamin B-12.
37. Despite having an aldehyde group, glucose does not give 2,4-DNP test what
does this indicate.
ii. Draw the Haworth structure of α-D-(+)-glucopyranose.

iii. What is significance of D and (+) here.
40
UNIT 15 : POLYMERS
One mark questions
1. Based on molecular forces what type of Polymer is neoprene?

2. Which of the following is a fibre: Nylon,Neoprene,PVC.
3. Why are rubbers called elastomer?
4. .Which factor imparts crystalline nature to a polymer like nylon.?
5. Which of the following is natural polymer:-Buna-S, Protein, PVC
6. How does vulcanisation change the properties of natural rubber
7. Define a copolymer
8. Give an example of thermoplastics.
9. Identify the type of polymer: -A-B-B-A-A-A-B-A-.
10. Name the polymer used in making unbreakable crockery.
Two marks questions
1. Distinguish between the term homo Polymers and copolymers with an example
of each.
2. What are monomeric units of Nylon 66 and Nylon 6?.
3. What are Biodegradable Polymers? Give an example of biodegradable aliphatic
polymer.
4. What are the monomers of Bakelite.? Give its two uses.
5. Name a polymer used for non- stick kitchenware. Write its monomer..
6. Write the information asked in the following polymers:-
i) Bakelite:- material used for preparation
ii) PVC:- monomer unit
iii) Synthetic rubber:- monomer unit
iv) Nylon 6,6:- material required for preparation
7. Differentiate between thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers with example of

each.
8. Differentiate between addition and condensation polymerisation..
9. Classify the following as addition and condensation polymers:-Terylene,
Bakelite, Polyvinyl chloride, Polythene.
10. Give one example of each of the following:-
Thermoplastic, Natural polymer, condensation polymer, chain growth polymer.
1. Arrange the following Polymers according to the increasing order of

intermolecular forces:- Natural rubber, Melamine, Nylon 6, 6 , Polyvinyl chloride.
2. Write the name of monomers of the following Polymers:-
i) Terylene ii) Buna-S III) Neoprene
3.. Write the monomer of each of the following polymers:-
i) Nylon-6 ii) Polypropylene iii)PAN
4. Mention two uses of each of the following polymers: -
i) Bakelite ii) Nylon-6 iii) Polyvinyl Chloride
5. Classify the polymers on the basis of inter molecular forces.Give an example of
each
41
6. i) What is the role of sulphur in the vulcanization of rubber.?
(ii) Arrange the following polymers in the increasing order their intermolecular
forces: Terylene,Polythene,Neoprene.
(iii) Identify the monomers in the following polymer:-NH-(CH 2)6-NH-CO-(CH2)4-
CO-.
7. What are biodegradable polymers.?Give an example of biodegradable aliphatic
polymer.Write its monomers.
8. Explain the freeradical mechanism for the polymerisation of ethene.
9. a) Give an example of homopolymer.
b) Differentiate between chain growth and step growth polymerisation.
10. Write the name of the polymers which are being used for the preparation of
following materials:-i) Non-stick kitchenwares. ii) plastic toys iii) conveyor belt.
42
UNIT-16 : CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE
One mark questions
1. Name one antipyretic drug.

2. Mention two types of interactions that hold the substrate molecules to the active
sites of enzyme.
3. . How will you explain the effect of allosteric site in enzyme?
4. Identify the chemical substance that communicates the message between
neuron and muscles.
5. Why are metal hydroxides better antacids than bicarbonates?
6. Name the chemical responsible for stimulating the secretion of excess pepsin
and hydrochloric acid.
7. Complete the statement “ Antiallergic drugs and antacid drugs work on
different…………. “
8. Name the drugs prescribed by doctor for the patient suffering from both
depression and hypertension.
9. Why is aspirin used for the prevention of heart attack?
10. Soap does not work in hard water. Why?
11. What is the difference between antiseptics and disinfectant?
Two marks questions
1. What causes depression? What drugs do suggest for counter acting

depression?
2. What are hypnotic burbiturates ? Give an example.
3. Describe two types of analgesics with an example each.
4. Give a point of difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics with
an example each.
5. Antibiotic therapy is nothing but “setting one thief against another”. Explain.
6. Define broad spectrum antibiotics and narrow spectrum antibiotics with an
example each.
7. Name the first artificial sweetener. For which disease is it a life saver? Why?
8. Name the chemicals which do not have any nutritive value of food are added to
food stuff. What are those?
9. Sleeping pills are recommended by doctors to the patients suffering from
sleeplessness but it is not advisable to take its doses without consultation with
the doctor . Why?
10. What are antihistamine drugs. ? Give two examples?
11. Mention one use for each of following drugs
(i) Ranitidine (ii) Paracetamol (iii) Tincture of iodine (iv) Morphine
12. What are Detergents? Give two example of detergents example.
13. When ever a doctor prescribes a medicine likef aspirn, directs patient not to take
in empty stomach. Why?
14. What is an antioxidant? How does it preserve food? Give an example
15. While antacids and antiallergic drugs interfere with the function of histamines,
why do these not interfere with the function of each other?
43
1. Low level of noradrenaline is the cause of depression. What type of drugs is

needed to cure this problem? Name two drugs.
2. Name a substance which can be used as an antiseptic as well as disinfectant.
3. Give examples for the following.
(i) Cationic detergents (ii) anionic detergents (iii) non- ionic detergents
4. What are the chemicals added in shaving soaps and laundry soaps?
5. Concentration of some chemicals affect their uses as antiseptic and disinfectant
nature.”Justify the statement with an example.
6. Give two examples for each of bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics.
7. How will you explain that antiallergic and antacid drugs work on different
receiptors?
8. (a) What are the similarities in the structure between Salvarsan and Azodyes ?
(b) Give an example of Sulpha drugs.
9. Mention one application for each of the following (a) Codeine. (b) Serotonin.
(c) Tetracycline.(d) Novestrol. (e) Seconal. (f) Prontosil.
10. How will you name the following effect (a) Drugs bind to the active site of
enzyme and prevent the binding of substrate to it. (b) Drugs bind to the different
site of enzyme. (c) Drugs bind to the receptor site and inhibits its function.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
44
List of participants
Sl. Name of Participants JNV

N. Region Unit allotted
1 Mr.A.K. Goud Shajapur Bhopal I- Solid State

2 Mr . A.K. Shukla Khargone
II- Solution
3 Mrs .Surava Das Kendrapada
4 Mr .Rohit Kashmiri Chamba Chandigar V- Surface Chemistry
h VI- General Principles
5 Mr .Rakesh Soni Shimla and Processes of
Isolation of Elements
6 Mr .G.R. Maskeri North Canara Hyderabad X – Haloalkanes and
7 Mr .A.K. Dwivedi Hassan
Haloarenes
8 Mr .B. Bethanasamy Puducherry
XI- Alcohols, Phenols
and Ethers
9 Mr .Ankit Gupta Jhalawar Jaipur VII- p-Block Element
10 Mr .H.R.Meena Bundi
VIII- d- and f- Block
11 Sarita Kumari Alwar
Elements
12 Mr. Dharmendra Kanpur Nagar Lucknow XIV- Bio Molecules
Shukla XV- Polymers
13 Mr Raj Kumar Moradabad
14 Mr J.P. Balodhi Saharanpur
15 Mr Prem Chand Saini Siwan Patna III- Electrochemistry
16 Md. Jamshed Ali Bankura
IV- Chemical Kinetics
17 Mr. M .A.Ansari Buxar
18 Mr Ajeet kumar Gandhinagar Pune XII- Aldehydes, Ketones,
Sharma and Carboxylic Acids
19 Mr J.T.Hirwe Latur
XIII- Organic Compounds
20 Mr S.U.Urade Chandrapur
containing Nitrogen
21 Mr A. Husain Bongaigaon Shillong IX- Coordinate
22 Md.Ehsanur Rehman Dhubri
Compound
23 Mr T.I. Singh W. Imphal
XVI- Chemistry in
Everyday
45
46

Unit Wise Question Class XII Chem

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Unit Wise Question Class XII Chem

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jk"Vªh; Ukoksn; usr`Ro

CONTENT DEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP

Sl. Name of Participants JNV

1 Mr.A.K. Goud Shajapur Bhopal I- Solid State

Sl. No. CONTENT Page No.

1 THE SOLID STATE 4

6 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACTION OF ELEMENTS 18

8 d AND f- BLOCK ELEMENTS 24

10 HALOALKANES AND HALOARENES 29

11 ALCOHOLS PHENOLS AND ETHERS 31

12 ALDEHYDES KETONES AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS 33

16 CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE 43

1. Why Ionic solids conduct electricity in molten state?

7. What makes the crystal of KCl to appear sometime violet?

Two marks questions

Three marks questions

1. Niobium crystallizes in body centered cubic structure. If density is 8.55 gm/cm 3,

(iii) Name one SPM which can be used in this plant

(iv) Give one practical use of the plant.

10. State Henry’s law with its two applications.

Three marks questions:-

7. An aqueous solution of 2% non volatile solute exerts a pressure of 1.004 bar at

8. Calculate the depression in the freezing point of water, when 10 gm of

10.Boiling point of water at 750 mm Hg is 99.63 o C . How much sucrose is to be

One mark questions

Two marks questions:

Three marks questions

Five marks questions

1 (a) Give reason for the following:

One mark questions

Two marks questions:

1. What is the ratio of t3/4 : t1/2 for a first order reaction ?

5. Explain why the rate of reaction increases with increase in temperature?

Experiment Time /s pressure/atm

Five marks questions

1. How does the catalyst work in a chemical reaction?

Three marks questions

One mark questions

Two marks questions

Arrange the following in increasing order of properties given in bracket in

(i) NH3, PH3, AsH3, SbH3, BiH3 ( Basic Character )

1. What is meant by dissociation constant? Why dissociation constant Ka 2 is less

Three marks questions

Five marks questions

One mark questions

Account for the following :-

1. Zn,Cd and Hg are not considered as transition elements.

51. Complete and balance the following chemical reactions :

Two marks questions

(ii) MnO4- + H+ + C2O42- →

One mark questions

1. What do you understand by coordination compounds?

Two marks questions

1. Give the electronic configuration of the following complexes on the basis of

Three marks questions

1. (a) What is a ligand? Give an example of a bidentate ligand.

5. The treatment of alkyl chlorides with aq KOH leads to the formation of

Two marks questions

Three marks questiions

1. Answer the following

Five marks questions

1. (I) How is diethyl ether prepared from ethyl alcohol ?

Dry ether D2O