FANGIBITAN, Geojanni R. CEH2P-2 / AG LABORATORY REPORT + EXPERIMENT 1 GROUP 3 FALLING SPHERE VISCOMETER 4 COMPUTATIONS & FINAL DATA SHECT [TRIAL NO.| YC 1 (oee] ve mis) | d (m)| Dm en] /dm| | v(mis), 4%? et) 1 | 1 (#06 [0.243 |00067/|009130| 00710| 11805 | 0.2005 (9.9908 0000 2 “1 | 605 [0.1658 |0.00788 \0.9490 |0-0622| 1 1596 \0-1925 (0607 000812 ZT Be | 019s (0.00802 BOI |0006T| TRB OAT GRO \OCHEe 4 1 (4-08 | 0.0710 ons 0 9D a0 088 0.77 [prec pamrra COMPUTATIONS [ns 129¢/4dm + (940m *) where correction constant diameter of sphere Im * Oiomerer of Medium Trial t (0.00671), /.9(0-00071))* op eee 78 Wt To o940) (4 ooorm | 118% Trial 2 , 960-00986) 00386) /.9(0.00388) )* Foose ' (#(0.09400) | £28. Trial 3 4, (0.00208) 9(0 00008) ) at Sia gana) * (4 co.avnm) | 1078 Tria) 4 . 9 (0.00333) , (30. 0380} 2, = 1+ Foqosaor ' (-4(a.0R4—) ) °1 7878.[V> Wek) where Veconstant velocity Ve observed velocity of fail t= correction constant Trial 1 VeWeA > (0.2490)( 1.1895) ~ 0.2905 Trial 2 Ve Vek * (0.1698) ( 1.1996) * 0. 1925 Trial 5 V+ Ves (0.1299) (1.1308) + 0.1921 Trial 4 V> Vek * (0.0710) WoC) * 0.0771 > gravity _ a (02-0) | i a) . fl cau Ge * (A109) (ras0 4 Jeger) 71008.5 7 “where : ~ mass density of sphere Mz aynamic viscosity ae 19 \961). AN d-diomcter of gohere e ig) (ea ml 1) 0978.45 me G= unit weight of sphere a unit weight of glyccrin Ver observed yelocity of fall A> correction constont >masr density of glycerin Trial 1 —a(oe- a), (0-006 71)" (11008-9 - 10873-59) | - 9.5965 4” 16 Veh 78 (0.2451) (4 18.00) Trial 2 i ; (Gea) (0.00568) * (770085 - 1231-09. “aR ——gacoresay rea) — ° 28457 Trial 3 al Oe) _ Lo 00502)" (77008.5 -12375-30) , 0-g3n ele (0. @a5(F 15a) «| 877 Trial 4 a : ICO) __(0.00093)*( 11000512573.) 4 ag 18 Vek 18 (01259 )(1. 1598) ee or 1/op%Vu ]e where Y =kinematic viscosiiv 4 Oyname viscosity A* moss of glyecrin Trial 1 006565 A” Rats Trial 2 M_0.6457 yp: HO 67 A wens 200oae Tria) 3 * 0.000491 a 0.6370 pS ae 0.700) ve SCOR» 0.000905: Trial 4 A, 05166 4. - 0.000410 a aon Gate | 20t6We Ol. 2ugeussion 7 oe of methods ore used 10 measure the viscosity of fluids These Q Pha ae re on one of three phenomena a moving surtace in contact with Ulize tn m object moving through a resistive component These phenomena rec major viscometers in the Industry, 1e., a rotating vicomelcr, 9 Taling phere vircometer, and a copillary viscometer the falling sphere Viscometcr typically measures the viscosity of Newtonian tiquids and goser The method opolies Newtons low of motion undler force balance on 9 falling Uphere when it reaches o terminal velocity. In Newton's law of motion for a Taling phere, there exist buoyancy force, weight fore , and drag fore. ond these forces reach o net force of zero. the orag force con be obtained from Stoke's law, whieh iis Valiol in Reynolde numbers tere than 1 The falling sphere viscomerer is well-surtcd tor measuring the viscorily of @ fluid, and the method hav been etofed m international standards. In the international stondords, the method differs trom the principle. Ine stondards escribe an incined- tube method in which the tube for ime falling phere war inclined to 10° fo the vertical. Morcover, bx Sahere were useo with different Qlamerters ror various oynomic viscosity measurement ranges, ond a suitable sphere can be stlectea when the fall times of the uphere ore not lower than the minimum fail timer recorded during a testing procedure. fhe rolling and sliding movement of the yohere through the romp Wgurd are at times in an inolined cylindrical measuring tube. The sample viscority correlates with the time required by me sphere 10 orop 10 a specific distance, and the test reculir ore given as dynamic viscarity. in placing objects inside or on the fluid area, if has a sense of deftectron, oscillation, or resistance and its velocities can therefore be controlled ar redvecd. Due to certain factors such ar the size, the opening diameter and varying ypced of the sphere, the absolute wiscosily was determined by correctional formulation from the experiment. The experiment ir objective war to caleulate the voluc of glycerine Corrected absolute vircacity. In the expcriment, different wtecl bolls with olfference /olfferent ajameterr are used to improve calculation accuracy. The steel balls have aifferent sizes. The cmoller ihe ball, the slower it will sink to the bottom of ihe tube. it is dtrectly provortonat The results of both dynamite ond kinematic viscosity hove 0 hitle Orscrqpancy: To apply the experi- mental formula for viscosity of glycerin derived from the pricioles of Se Wtf»Stokes Law. knowing the terminal velocity, the vize and denity of the sphere One the density of the liquid, Sione’s law can be ured to calculate the viscosity of the the quia. Stones law fs the basis of the tailing Sphere viscometer, in which the fluid is stationary in a vertical glass fubc. A wphere of known wize and oensity ie alloyed to descend through the liquid The inclined - tube viscometer 16 (0° fo the vertical; thus the fatling Yonere ts not just tolling down but is aleo rolling down. This phenomenon ts different from the conditions in the derivation ot the foiling Sohcre method Therefore, the purpore of this cxpcriment wor to develnp a new method based on the tradstonal tolling sphere method, while deriving a Oynomic equation for dercribing falling sphere bchovior in a vertical iube Becoure this type of viscometer is vertical to the ground, it will be referred 10 here ar o vertical failing vphere viscometer.Mk COMPUTATION OF % DIFFERENCE fue - tr | ., LNew Value - initial value +100 ‘uo New Volue * miTalVolue— os Z | Dynamic. viscority of Glycerin @27C = 0.9 Pas Trial 4. 10-9965-0.991 1 OM ~ T5505 10.95 110 2A z Trial 2 aap 2 106497 0.98 | . 1D Dey gay "0020-14 2 2 Trial 3 __10-6370- 0-891 an 3 Diff “To: o70 10.3011 ¥ 100 = 09-494 zZ Trial 4- & a pipe» 192100 ~ oor! «1100-98104 OSG ae ninematic Vircority if Glycerin @ 20.3 € > G40x10% mils Trial t. opt» 10000414 - 0.000016) BOT O00t4 +0.000678° Z Trial & yy, 10.000512 ~ 0.000628). “-*"D.opon + 000oe48 i 00° 44-07% #100 = 29.47) Trral 3. | 0.00050 - 0.000046! 1 Diff TmI05 +O i806 1100 ~ 24.80 4 =Trial 4 = | 4 iif * 10.000470 - 0.000048 5100+ 44.99% We CONCLUSION viecasity is the quantity that describes a fiuidr resistance fo flow fluids resist the relative motion of immersto objects through them as well as fo motion of loyers with differing velocities within them. If a ypecitic layer of @ liguil 1s foken, the layer below it moving with lesser velocner try to decrease the yelocily of upper layer duc to cohesive forces beiween the molecules of adjacent layers. in tum, The upper foyer which Ir moving with greater velocity tries to increare the yclocity of the lower layer. Jo, between porallel, successive fayert of a liguia’ in motion, opposing force comer into play tending to decrease the relative vitcority of between the layers. Viscosity describes a fluid’ internal resistance 10 flow ond may be thought of ar a measuré of flurd friction Furthermore, this resittance acit against the motion of any solid olyect through the fluid ano alro against motion of the fluid! itseif past siarienary obstacles. Viscocity @ls0 acts mlemolly on the fluid between slower and fasier moving adjacent layer’. The foree in thir caperiment is Known as yiscous drag-It looks like a tangential sheoring force is acting between the layers. To Overcome there forces and for maintaining constant velocity apolicd If there Ir nO external forcec, the velocity of flaw oecreoser and becomes zero Weve seen how viscosity acts ar o frictional broke on the rote af which water flows through a pipe; let us now examine its frictional effect anon object through @ vircous mecium. If we use @ very vircour liquid such as glycerin, and a Small yohere, for cxampk, a ball bearing of radius @ milimeter or vo, it turns out experimentally that the liquid tows smoothly eround the ball as it falls. -