Advertising

Google on ad-tech London, 2010

As per its 2017 Annual report, Google generates most of its revenues from advertising. This
includes sales of apps, purchases made in-app, digital content products on google and YouTube,
android and licensing and service fees, including fees received for Google Cloud offerings. 46%
of this was from clicks (cost per clicks), amounting to US$109,652 million in 2017. This includes
three principal methods, namely AdMob, AdSense (such as AdSense for Content, AdSense for
Search, etc.) and DoubleClick AdExchange.[112]
For the 2006 fiscal year, the company reported $10.492 billion in total advertising revenues and
only $112 million in licensing and other revenues. [113] In 2011, 96% of Google's revenue was
derived from its advertising programs.[114] In addition to its own algorithms for understanding
search requests, Google uses technology from the company DoubleClick, to project user interest
and target advertising to the search context and the user history.[115][116]
In 2007, Google launched "AdSense for Mobile", taking advantage of the emerging mobile
advertising market.
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[117]

Google Analytics allows website owners to track where and how people use their website, for
example by examining click rates for all the links on a page. [118] Google advertisements can be
placed on third-party websites in a two-part program. Google Ads allows advertisers to display
their advertisements in the Google content network, through a cost-per-click scheme. [119] The
sister service, Google AdSense, allows website owners to display these advertisements on their
website and earn money every time ads are clicked. [120] One of the criticisms of this program is
the possibility of click fraud, which occurs when a person or automated script clicks on
advertisements without being interested in the product, causing the advertiser to pay money to
Google unduly. Industry reports in 2006 claimed that approximately 14 to 20 percent of clicks
were fraudulent or invalid.[121] Google Search Console (rebranded from Google Webmaster Tools
in May 2015) allows webmasters to check the sitemap, crawl rate, and for security issues of their
websites, as well as optimize their website's visibility.

Consumer services
Web-based services
Google offers Gmail for email,[122] Google Calendar for time-management and scheduling,
[123]
 Google Maps for mapping, navigation and satellite imagery,[124] Google Drive for cloud
storage of files,[125] Google Docs, Sheets and Slides for productivity,[125] Google Photos for photo
storage and sharing,[126] Google Keep for note-taking,[127] Google Translate for language
translation,[128] YouTube for video viewing and sharing,[129] Google My Business for managing
public business information,[130] and Duo for social interaction.[131] In March 2019, Google unveiled
a cloud gaming service named Stadia.[102]
Some Google services are not web-based. Google Earth, launched in 2005, allowed users to see
high-definition satellite pictures from all over the world for free through a client software
downloaded to their computers.[132]
Software
Google develops the Android mobile operating system,[133] as well as its smartwatch,[134] television,
[135]
 car,[136] and Internet of things-enabled smart devices variations.[137]
It also develops the Google Chrome web browser,[138] and Chrome OS, an operating system
based on Chrome.[139]
Hardware
Google Pixel smartphones on display in a store
In January 2010, Google released Nexus One, the first Android phone under its own brand,
"Nexus".[140] It spawned a number of phones and tablets under the "Nexus" branding [141] until its
eventual discontinuation in 2016, replaced by a new brand called Pixel.[142]
In 2011, the Chromebook was introduced, described as a "new kind of computer"
running Chrome OS.[143]
In July 2013, Google introduced the Chromecast dongle, that allows users to stream content
from their smartphones to televisions. [144][145]
In June 2014, Google announced Google Cardboard, a simple cardboard viewer that lets user
place their smartphone in a special front compartment to view virtual reality (VR) media.[146][147]

 The Pixel and Pixel XL smartphones with the Google Assistant, a next-generation

contextual voice assistant, built-in.[148]
 Google Home, a voice assistant smart speaker that can answer voice queries, play
music, find information from apps (calendar, weather etc.), and control third-party smart
home appliances (users can tell it to turn on the lights, for example). The Google Home line
also includes variants such as the Google Nest Hub, Google Home Mini, Nest Hub
Max, Nest Mini (second generation), and Google Home Max[149]
 Daydream View virtual reality headset that lets Android users with compatible Daydream-
ready smartphones put their phones in the headset and enjoy VR content. [150]
 Google Wifi, a connected set of Wi-Fi routers to simplify and extend coverage of home
Wi-Fi.[151]