Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 1
Introduction
subjects. School’s today provide many programs that help students develop
ability in sports. As stated by Awuma (2015), the equipment and facilities plays a
substandard which in actual fact will not compliment the work of the coach. Good
sports programs can function at full effectiveness only when they are supported
equipment is needed in every school to ensure quality education. This study will
acquire skills, fitness, knowledge and attitudes that contribute to their optional
education is to produce individuals who have good health (physical fit), altitudes
further that the status of physical education in school curricula worldwide was an
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Main Campus, Tandag City
apparent issue in some countries in the 1970s and 1980s. Moreover, Awosika
(1996) as cited by Okakah (2015) said that many research works on facilities,
equipment, personnel and maintenance show that the areas are deficient and
that sports management in the state and the country at large cannot function
adequately.
sports. According to Limon, (2016) one crucial variable that directly impacts the
inadequate sports facilities and equipment. Anchored to the idea of Limon, This
problem affects the performance of their students during their Physical Education
study.
The significance of the study is to promote the value of the equipment and
venture the reasons for the dearth to aid the need for the facilities and
equipment. Sports Facilities and equipment will be of great help in the realization
of the quality learning outcomes of the students and teaching performance of the
teachers in classes and activities. It is in this premise, the researchers would like
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Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
The study is darted to Edgar Dale’s Cone of Experience Theory (1946) used
by Davis and Summers (2015) in their study. This theory focuses on the thought
that “effective learning was achieved by applying strategies at the bottom of the
pyramid using direct, purposeful learning experiences that simulates “doing the
real thing,” and represents reality or the closest things to real, every-day life.” The
theory mainly shows that a hands-on experience can bring a great impact to
knowledge and doing the real thing have the highest retention of knowledge.
Theory used by Kolb (2015). Dewey’s thought that “lifelong learning is often
shows the flow of the study. The first box contains the Status of Facilities and
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as the dependent variable. The relation of the two kinds of variables, effects
solely to the teaching-learning process of the said school. The third box contains
the Propose plan to purchase facilities and equipment good for three years to the
property custodian for the study to be realized and aid the problem of the study.
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Academic
performance of Propose plan
Status of Facilities and students in physical
Equipment for Physical to purchase
education facilities and
Education
Activities equipment
good for three
years to the
Problems property
encountered in the custodian.
implementation of
P.E Activities
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This study has primarily past designed use to investigate the influence of
students for the different sports activities for school year, Academic Year 2016-
3. What are the problems met by the Physical Education students in the
6. Propose plan to purchase facilities and equipment good for three years to
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Hypothesis
Education activities.
provide facilities and equipment in the conduct of the different activities. Ergo,
the researchers believed that the outcomes of the study will encourage
The findings will attract students mostly, those who are sports oriented.
Education students.
Students. This will allow the students to venture sports with the specified
equipment for a certain sport. The findings or the realization of the study will
hasten the idea of the students about the influence of sports facilities and
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well as barangay administrators that are aware of the influence of facilities and
equipment to the people of the barangay specially during the conduct of sports
activities.
This study focused on the influence of sports facilities and equipment for
323 Physical Education students. They were selected via Slovene stratified
random sampling. Data was taken from Gamut National High School, Tago,
Definition of Terms
clearer understanding.
show how the students performed numerically calculated in the certain subject.
particular purpose.
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games.
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Chapter 2
This chapter presents the literatures and studies which have been
relevance and which will serve as background information of the present study.
The studies will further expose how facilities and equipment become essential in
dealing with developing physical education that will benefit both the physical
Literatures
Foreign
Patil and Metri (2016), opined that the Physical education in general, plays
individual, since its functions cannot be selected by any other part of the
college’s curriculum. It is for this reason that all colleges authorities have to
in activities that will help pupils to achieve these objective that are valuable in life.
facilities for high schools students. Since physical education should be included
in the curriculum of high schools, it is also palpable that it requires facilities and
equipment.
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Driven by that condition, Patil and Metri opined that if the trained teachers
take interest in sports, students also get motivated in sports. As they further
elaborate their thoughts, they concluded that all the high schools have neglected
sports facilities in their institutions. They promoted that, authorities must insist to
all the high schools to have sports facilities. It is also to provide sufficient fund to
physical education and improving the standards in physical education, there will
education and sports are an inseparable part of teaching process. Not only these
preconditions for optimal teaching of physical education and sports are the
optimal material conditions and equipment of schools. These conditions and aids
are often limiting factors for realization of physical education and sports at
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and promotes the productivity of the teacher. Facilities, supplies and equipment
secondary school. Where these resources are lacking, the effective functioning of
Information is the act of giving knowledge, signals, ideas or statistical data with a
view to understanding the how, why and when the component parts are to
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maintained and managed is one of the best public and consumer relations tools
involved in many tasks, including, but not limited to, leadership, facility and event
name a few. This idea can be intertwined or related to the idea of Johnston
(2013). He opined that designing for PE and Sport, Director of Property, Sport
England. Access to good sports facilities within the local community is vital to any
sports organisation, yet many clubs struggle to find places to play and train.
much as project teams, recognising the key role that they can play in ensuring
that good design decisions are underpinned by extensive strategic planning and
a robust business plan. Jenkinson & Benson (2010), in their study “Barriers to
use the available space most effectively. In their research, they conclude that it
needs access to facilities, suitable teaching spaces and equipment were the
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Local
Millan (2011) She opined that the state shall promote Physical Education
teamwork and excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry.
21, he opined that an emerge and financially healthier university can ultimately
administrators to turn their face and have a glimpse to the problem of the
opined that sports school’s wide range of training venues and residential facilities
make it well-suited for hosting centralized residential training camps and sports
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With the support from Zambia National AIDS Network (ZNAN), they
in project areas. The equipment in these projects do not last for long time
because of their playing surface. Others projects that are generating funds are
In the other hand, the lack of trained man-power is another barrier being
faced in the project and this has heeded in some areas, for all activities to be run
well there is a need to train the man-power such as those who are peer leaders,
project officers in charge. Her idea shows the importance not only in the facilities
and equipment but also the field and the involvement of the administrators.
These things are intertwined to each other and they appear inseparable in
Studies
Foreign
Having the right quality and quantity sports facilities and equipment is an
integral parts of sports development (Awoma et al. 2015). Citing Ekpe (2011)
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country from the standard of facilities available for the training of athletes. These
performance. Citing Ojeme she states that, in the developed world, sports
facilities and equipment of the appropriate standard are available of promote the
athletes performance. In support of this view, citing Talabi, she opined that most
developing countries wish to arrive at the level of developed countries over night.
While developed countries are putting so much into providing excellent facilities,
to lag behind in the provision of these amenities and expect their players or
Development countries are not paying enough attention to starting well so,
ending up finishing badly or poorly. Citing Ojeme Awoma opined that the
intrinsic and extrinsic technology of sports as the inherent requirement for the
conduct of sports such as the physical skills and material equipment required for
sports programme can only functions at full effectiveness when they are
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equipment, personnel and maintenance show that the areas are deficient and
that sports management in the state and the country at large cannot function
which in actual fact will not compliment the work of the coach. Good sports
programmes can function at full effectiveness only when they are supported with
improved performances and development of special skills which can earn them
better incentives can be enhanced through better sports facilities and modern
equipment.
It seems that the provision of these school facilities have dwindled over the
years, perhaps due to increase in school enrolment rate which had led to
facilities are available, students tend to have interest in learning; this will
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and quality school facilities on teaching and learning. It proves that the problem
of the lack of facilities and equipment existed for a long time in the Philippines. In
his study citing Scheinder, he opined that, a large proportion of school facilities in
the Philippines are approximately fifty years old and are typically in poor
conditions. He gave a backbone to this idea through citing Filardo in his idea that
does a piece of work, how well or poor he/she does the job or the activities within
(1994), referred to poor performance as performance that fall below the desired
standard.
and inadequate facilities translate to poor performance. His study concluded that
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and maintenance of special equipment and materials for the use of students with
special educational needs. The authors stated that, the facilities or the learning
the learning environment, preparation for instruction, interaction with student, and
enjoyment of MAPEH.
Based on the two studies, both of them intersect in the idea of Limon as
he opined that, the relationship between the quality of school facilities and
school facility that yields the heaviest weight in affecting student performance
and achievement. Both of the ideas, shows that the dearth of facilities and
equipment really affect the performance of the teachers, as well as the yearling
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Insights Gained
Dealing with the swamp of ideas from the different studies and literatures,
the researchers sought to unify the ideas as it presents per se dealing in broad
strokes. It is palpable that the studies are parallel yet, some are implicit and
axis.
that having adequate facilities and equipment is a big contribution not only to the
school, to the society but also to the students. Rephrasing the idea of Senoc
(2011), Lack of trained man-power is another barrier that we face in the current
that their study is darted to reality that makes it true and valid. Though it is quite
implicit, the gathered studies and literatures became the means to vasten the
Capsulizing the premises, all of the studies that were provided shows how
the facilities and equipment are peripherally set-a-side. By having those created
premises, the researchers concluded that the study is quite timely and
necessary. Leading towards the light of having solution, the studies and
literatures ignites supports as the backbone for the research to expose how
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everyone.
Chapter 3
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses all about the Research Design, Research Setting,
Gathering Procedure and Statistical Treatment that was used for the study.
Research Design
determine the status of facilities and equipment for physical education students.
Research Locale
This study was conducted at Gamut National High School in within second
Francisco, Gamut, Tago, Surigao Del Sur. The Gamut National High School
offers from grades 7 to 12; it has the complete strand of K-12. It also had new
High School is an improving school that points towards the success of the school
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Slovene Stratified Random Sampling was used in this study. The Students
respondents was composed 323 in the Gamut National High School enrolled
from grade seven to twelve out of 1,689 students in the campus of the said
school. Stratified Random Sampling was used in the students to limit the number
Table 1
Distribution of Respondents
Research Instrument
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sports the task for physical educators sport and administrators various schools in
The research instrument was used to determine the status of the physical
The following data procedures were used during gathering the data:
First, the researchers made a letter of request signed and approved by the
adviser. Second, the researchers asked permission to conduct the study signed
and approved by the School Principal. Third, the researchers visited the Physical
Education students and explained the purpose of the study. Fourth, the
Lastly, when all questionnaires were gathered, the data was recorded,
Statistical Treatment
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Upon the retrieval of the questionnaire, the data were tallied, analyzed and
interpreted. The data for each sub problem stated in chapter 1 was treated using
Mean. This was used to determine the status of sports facilities and equipment
physical education students in the conduct of activities and the problems met by
equipment versus the administrative support and the problems met by the
physical education students and the status of sports facilities and equipment
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Chapter 4
available and useful, available but less usable, available but not usable, not
Table 2
Status of Sports Facilities and Equipment Utilized by Physical Education
Students
Based on the result of the study, the facilities of the school is labeled as
“available but not usable”. It indicates that the facilities are available but not
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badminton gained the highest mean described as “available and usable”. It was
followed by the basketball and Table Tennis with the same adjectival rating but
have lesser mean value. However, the equipment that acquired the adjectival
rating of “not available and not usable” are soccer, arnis, gymnastics, and
throwing events. It entails that the status of sports equipment contains not only
the available but not usable but there is also unavailability of some equipment
According to Patil and Metri (2016), opined that the Physical education in
of the individual, since its functions cannot be selected by any other part of the
physical education and sports are an inseparable part of teaching process. Not
only these conditions directly influence teaching process, they also determine
that preconditions for optimal teaching of physical education and sports are the
optimal material conditions and equipment of schools. These conditions and aids
are often limiting factors for realization of physical education and sports at
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teaching performance of the teacher because it can provide students and teacher
the skills and needs during class activities. Therefore, the statement cited
never.
Table 3
Administrative support to Physical Education students
in the conduct of activities
Administrative Support Weighted Mean Adjectival Rating
Issues protective gears to athletes according to events played 3.72 Often
Avails first aid medicines in case of injury 4.05 Often
Close monitoring of school nurse during practice and 3.74 Often
competition
Provide safe sports facilities 3.95 Often
Safe playing venues 3.88 Often
Recommends Athletes to participate in different sport programs 3.92 Often
with other students to develop self-confidence.
Reinforce their identity as student athletes 3.68 Often
Establishes harmonious relationship inside and outside the 3.45 Often
classroom.
Eradicates communication gap among athletes. 3.42 Often
Includes good values and enhance self-esteem. 3.96 Often
The program includes largely variety of activities. 3.74 Often
First aids are available during the training of the athletes. 3.74 Often
Conducts regular sports competition of school or district. 4.22 Always
Promotes warm human relationship rather than competition. 3.58 Often
Skills training promotes holistic and creativity to athletes. 3.84 Often
Recognizes individual differences among athletes 3.72 Often
Provides basic of fundamental kills to be developed. 3.77 Often
Explains the importance of the basic and techniques in sports. 3.89 Often
Supports the academic program in all situations. 3.65 Often
Promote scholarship program to the athletes. 3.03 Often
Mean 3.97 Often
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there are 19 items rated as “often” and only the conduct regular sports
competition of school or district got the adjectival rate of “always”. It means that
the administrative support for the Physical Education students in the conduct of
activities were almost carried out. The result of the study shows that the
administrative support for teachers was given enough support for the conduct of
in many tasks, including, but not limited to, leadership, facility and event
name a few. This implies that the administrators is the anima of the conduct of
as outstanding, very satisfactory, satisfactory, fairly satisfactory, and did not met
expectations.
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Table 4
Academic Performance of Students in Physical Education
the other hand, the indicator that gained the least number of respondents is the
This declares that there were higher numbers of students who fairly pass the
open ended judgment that either of the facilities or the learning environment
education subject.
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This table 5 depicts the adjectival rating and mean on the problems met by
the P.E students at Gamut National High School. It reflects the problems met as
Table 5
Problems Met by the Physical Education Students
Problems Met Weighted Mean Adjectival Rating
Sport practices schedule is not met. 3.10 Frequent
Physical education activities have no quality 2.78 Frequent
performance.
There is a lack of facilities and equipment. 3.96 Often
There is a difficulty during actual performances. 3.15 Frequent
There is a deficiency of theory applications. 2.91 Frequent
Developing knowledge and skills became 2.78 Frequent
unattainable.
There is a difficulty in promoting awareness of 2.58 Sometimes
safety skills and preventive measures in PE and
sports.
It is hard to identify, nurture and develop individual 2.91 Frequent
talents in specific sports taught.
There is a difficulty in engaging physical activities in 2.98 Frequent
order to promote health, fitness and general body
growth and development.
Insufficient hands-on applications to explore and 3.05 Frequent
appreciate the sports and other physical education
activities.
Mean 3.02 Frequent
based on the adjectival result as ‘frequent’ with the rated mean of 3.020, it means
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that the problems met is frequently happen during the conduct of class in
management. In support with this, citing Adedeji, Ugwuanyi opined that there
Where these resources are lacking, the effective functioning of the school
equipment and the administrative support based on the result of the conducted
questionnaire to the students and teacher in Gamut National High School. This
will show if the null hypothesis be accepted or rejected based on the statistical
computation.
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Table 6
Status of Sports Facilities and Equipment Versus the Administrative
Support and the Problems Met by the Physical Education Students
Variable Tested Computed r Computed t Tabular value Decision
Status of sports facilities, .364 6.17 1. 97 Reject Ho
equipment and the
administrative support
Problems met and the .113 2.04 1.97 Reject Ho
administrative support
support, have a slight relationship with the computed r of .364. Table 6 shows
that, with the 50% area of acceptance the computed t is 6.17 which is higher than
the tabular value of 1.97 therefore null hypothesis is rejected. It only shows that
administrative support. While in the relationship between the problems met and
computed r of .113, the computed t is 2.04 which is higher than the tabular value
of 1.97 which makes the null hypothesis be rejected. Though the computed r
rejecting the null hypothesis lies upon computed t and the tabular value.
According to Abarro (2012) citing Basilisco, opined that “to improve the
provided resources and facilities. They will be strongly motivated to improve their
learning and teaching.” Extracting from this thoughts, it implies that the
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administrators plays a vital role on the status of facilities and equipment to the
academic performance of the students in Gamut National High School. This will
computation.
Table 7
Status of Sports Facilities and Equipment Versus Academic Performance
of the Physical Education Students
Variable Tested Computed r Computed t Tabular value Decision
The findings suggest that the status of facilities and equipment have a
the computed r of .360 means that there is a slight relationship of the two
variables. With 50% area of acceptance, the computed t is 6.91 which is higher
than the tabular value of 1.97. This speaks out that the null hypothesis is rejected
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facilities are available, students tend to have interest in learning: this will
with the idea of Awoma et al. (2015) as they state that, “Good sports programme
can only functions at full effectiveness when they are supported with sufficient
the result of the study since the availability of sports facilities and equipment
performance.
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Chapter 5
This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions made and the
Summary of Findings
The researchers found out that In terms of sports facilities and equipment,
badminton event gained a mean of the study 3.47 described as available and
usable rank as first. However, the soccer, arnis, gymnastics and throwing events
The researchers found out that out of 20 items, there are 19 items rated
with the adjectival rating “often” which entails that almost all the activities relative
to the items were carried out, and only number 13 which states that conduct
regular sports competition of school or district got the adjectival rate of “always”
“fairly satisfactory.” There were only 56 respondents who gained the academic
performance with the adjectival rating of “outstanding.” It shows that there were
higher numbers of students who fairly pass the physical education subject.
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weighted mean of 3.02 with the adjectival rating as “frequent” which denotes that
the problems are frequently happen during the conduct of class and sport
activities.
which shows that there is a low correlation or slight relationship and having the
computed t of 6.17 which is distinctively higher than 1.79 tabular value. Thus, the
null hypothesis is rejected. The relationship between Problems met and the
rejected. This implies that during the conduct of physical education activities, the
The findings revealed that the status of facilities and equipment has a
computed r of 360 means that there is slight relationship of the two variables.
With 50% area of acceptance, the computed t is higher than the tabular value.
This speaks out that the null hypothesis is rejected. Thus, there is a relationship
the students.
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Conclusions
were drawn:
Only badminton facilities has the ample of attention than the other sports
equipment which causes negligence. This entails that there are also
of school or district.
has pass by grade but there is still factors that leads to fairly pass the physical
education subject. Thus, it is concluded by the researchers that the students’ met
the expected performance. Students needs the presence of the facilities and
Since the problems met by the physical education students are frequently
happen during the conduct of class and sport activities which resulted to low
sports facilities and equipment as well as to the problems met by the students in
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administration has a big influence to the status of sports facilities and equipment
sports facilities and equipment in the school affects to the academic performance
of the students. In other words, an adequate facilities and equipment can lead to
Recommendations
It is suggested that the school will give purchase other sports facilities and
equipment such as soccer, arnis, gymnastics and throwing events for the
rubrics to check the relevance of the sports facilities and equipment in the
school.
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students.
equipment.
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Ali A. (2014). Management Theory and Practice. NMIMS Global Access - School
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Akhihiero E. (2011). Effect of Inadequate Infrastructural Facilities on Academic
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Akomolafe C. and Adesua V. (2016.). the Impact of Physical Facilities on
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Awoma C. et al. (2015). Facilities/Equipment as Predictor of Sports
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Barghchi M. et al. (2009). Sports Facilities Development and Urban Generation.
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Diejomaoh S. et al. (2015). Availability of Facilities and Equipment for Sports
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Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. Vol 4 No 2. July.
Gulhane T. (2014). Need For Advanced Facilities and Equipments in Physical
Education Colleges. Journal of Sports and Physical Education. Volume 1,
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Leagaard J. et al. (2006). Organization Theory. BookBone.com.
Limon M. (2016). The Effect of the Adequacy of School Facilities on Students’
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APPENDIX A
Appointment to the Adviser
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Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Main Campus, Tandag City
APPENDIX A-1
Letter of Permission to the Principal
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Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Main Campus, Tandag City
APPENDIX A-2
Content Validation of the Research Instrument
45
Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Main Campus, Tandag City
APPENDIX A-3
Content Validation of the Research Instrument
46
Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Main Campus, Tandag City
APPENDIX A-4
Content Validation of the Research Instrument
47
Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Main Campus, Tandag City
APPENDIX A-5
Letter to the Respondents
48
Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Main Campus, Tandag City
APPENDIX B
Survey Questionnaire
1. STATUS OF SPORTS FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
Direction: Please check the box that represents your chosen answer.
49
Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Main Campus, Tandag City
Net
Basketball
Ball
Net
Ring
Soccer
Goals
Ball
Gloves
Taekwondo
Body Armor
Shin Guard
Arm Guard
Groin Guard
Head Gear
Gloves
Mouth Guard
Foot Gloves
Dubok ( Taekwondo
Uniform)
Arnis
Arnis Stick
Body Armour
Head Gear
Groin Guard
Arm Guard
Mouth Guard
Baseball
Bat
Ball
Gloves
Head Gear
Body Armour
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Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Main Campus, Tandag City
Plate
Softball
Bat
Ball
Gloves
Head Gear
Body Armour
Plate
Lawn Tennis
Racket
Ball
Net
Poles
Table Tennis
Table
Racket
Ball
Net
Throwing Events
Discus
Javelin
Shot-put
Badminton
Racket
Shuttle Cock/s
Net
Poles
2. ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT
Directions: Please check the box that best represents your chosen answer
using the following criteria below.
51
Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Main Campus, Tandag City
Administrative Support A O F S N
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Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Main Campus, Tandag City
esteem.
11. The program includes largely variety of
activities.
12. First aids are available during the
training of the athletes.
13. Conducts regular sports competition of
school or district.
14. Promotes warm human relationship
rather than competition.
15. Skills training promotes holistic and
creativity to athletes.
16. Recognizes individual differences
among athletes
17. Provides basic of fundamental kills to be
developed.
18. Explains the importance of the basic and
techniques in sports.
19. Supports the academic program in all
situations.
20. Promote scholarship program to the
athletes.
Direction: Please check the box that best represents your chosen answer using
the following criteria below.
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Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Main Campus, Tandag City
54
Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Main Campus, Tandag City
Curriculum Vitae
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
55
Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Main Campus, Tandag City
Age : 24
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Education
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
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Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Main Campus, Tandag City
Age : 19
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Education
High School : 2nd honor, second section, singer of the year, and athlete.
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
57
Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Main Campus, Tandag City
Age : 19
Del Sur
Religion : Protestant
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Education
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
58
Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Main Campus, Tandag City
Age : 20
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Education
Elementary : Salutatorian
College : Undergraduate
SEMINARS AND TRAININGS ATTENDED:
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