i

La Consolacion College of Daet, Inc.

Froilan Pimentel Avenue Daet, Camarines Norte 4600
Tel. Nos. (054) 721-2181, 440-2002 Fax No. (054) 571-3467

Email Address lccdaet_official@gmailcom.ph

EFFECTIVENESS OF MIXED SEAWEEDS AND FISH GILLS AS AN

ALTERNATIVE ORGANIC FERTILIZER

In Partial Fulfilment

For the Requirements in

Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion

ABIERA, Wenlyn S.

FRANCISCO, Zyrah B.

PINEDA, Oryhens Charist Grace J.

SANTIAGO, Dorothy N.

Researchers

Ms. Agnes B. Abunio

Research Adviser

S.Y 2019
 CHAPTER I

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Introduction

The increasing number in population emphasizes higher demand for food. Threats

in agricultural production such as pests, loss of soil fertility and lack of nutrients may

result in low percentage of plants to harvest. If these problems are not resolved, there

would not be enough crops which would affect a big fraction of our food supply to

sustain the needs of the people. Hence, the importance of using fertilizers rises.

A fertilizer is any material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soils or

to plant tissues to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants.

Fertilizers typically offer three major macronutrients which are potassium, phosphorus,

and nitrogen. Additional secondary nutrients which may occur are sulfur, magnesium,

and calcium which are beneficial to the soil or growing media.

The importance of fertilizers stretches in every corner of our planet. Lack of

supply for food would be evident without the use of fertilizers. Another reason why

fertilizer is needed is because of the soil condition. Drought and lack of water are some of

the issues in crop production. Changes in weather like uneven distribution of rainfall or

long breaks of rainy season result to either excessive amount of rainfall or deficiency in

water when it is highly needed. Fertilizers help plants to overcome these situations by

increasing their capacity to hold more water and improve the rooting depth. Fertilizers do

not only assist in increasing yields and promoting healthy growth of plants but also in

their development. They contain nitrogen which acts as a growth booster which can be

characterized by the green color of plants. Phosphorus substance in fertilizers aids in the

faster formation of seeds and root development.

Aside from the reason of the importance of producing and using fertilizers,

another factor why the researchers focused on the scope of fertilizers is because of the

occurrence of wastes present near shores such as Bagasbas Beach of Daet, Camarines

Norte. The researchers have heard from the locals about the occurrence of wastes such as
seaweeds that are present at the said location. Also, the researchers are aware of the waste

produced by the public market such as fish gills that is occurring at Mercedes, Camarines

Norte. Thus, the researchers came up with the idea of producing alternative organic

fertilizer with the use of seaweeds and fish gills. The researchers believed that this study

is beneficial to the community, environment and citizens of the location itself.

The researchers have identified that seaweed may be a potential fertilizer because

it contains elements of magnesium, potassium, zinc, iron and nitrogen which are

beneficial to plants. Nitrogen is essential to the production of nitrate, a key component

needed by plants during photosynthesis. Another major component in seaweed is the

hormones. The main hormones in seaweed are auxins, cytokinins, betaines and

gibbelerins which are essential to plant growth and development.

On the other hand, fish gills offer a good source of nitrogen which is good for the

soil and plants. Fish gills are high in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. It also contains

important oils, amino acids, vitamins, hormones, and enzymes that support biologically

active soil.

Hence, the researchers being aware of its potential use of the considered wastes

and as concerned citizens of the respected Municipality of Daet and emphatic students of

La Consolacion College of Daet propose an idea to produce an alternative organic

fertilizer with the use of seaweed and fish gills.

Statement of the Problem

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of the mixed seaweeds and

fish gills as an alternative organic fertilizer on the growth of plants.

Specifically, it answered the following questions:

1. What is the effect of using the mixed seaweeds and fish gills as an alternative

organic fertilizer in the growth of plants, in terms of:

a) Height

b) Number of leaves

c) Plant stem circumference?

 2. What is the significant difference of a plant fertilized with the mixed seaweeds

and fish gills from a non-fertilized plant?

Objectives

The main objective of this study is to identify the effects of using the mixed

seaweed and fish gills as an alternative organic fertilizer to the growth of plants.

The following were its specific objectives:

1. To identify the differences between the normal way of planting without the use

fertilizer and by using the mixed seaweeds and fish gills as an alternative organic

fertilizer to a plant.

2. To determine which of the two is most effective on the growth of plants.

3. To provide specific knowledge and awareness connected to agriculture that will

be beneficial to the individuals who are interested to the topic.

Hypothesis

There is a significant difference of using the mixed seaweeds and fish gills as an

alternative organic fertilizer compared to the normal way of planting.

Scope and Limitation

There is a total of 6 okra plants, specifically one experimental group and one

control group. This experiment focused on the development of the plants with the use of

the mixed seaweeds and fish gill as an alternative fertilizer. The research is done at the

span of 30 days. The researchers gathered information through factual observations,

continuous monitoring of samples as well as other reliable sources available, both

internet and libraries.

Significance of the Study

The following are the people whom will benefit in the said research:

Farmers. The farmers will have additional option of using an alternative fertilizer

which is the mixed seaweeds and fish gills that is more practical, affordable or

obtainable, and favorable to the environment.

Citizens. This study provides satisfaction to the citizens of Municipality of

Mercedes especially the people residing near the coastal area and market where wastes

which are seaweeds and fish gills are relevant.

Local Barangay Officials. This study will lessen one of the many issues or

problems held by the local barangay officials.

Environment. This study will contribute to the elimination of wastes and

reduction of land pollution present at Mercedes, Camarines Norte.

Definitions of Terms

To enhance the readability of the study, these terms were operationally and

conceptually defined:

Fertilizer - or fertilizer is any material of natural or synthetic origin that is

applied to soils or to plant tissues to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the

growth of plants. In this study, fertilizer refers to the mixed seaweeds and fish gills that is

produced to be a fertilizer that is applied to the soil.

Seaweeds - refers to a plant-like organism that generally live attached to rock or

other hard substrata in coastal areas. In this study, seaweed refers to a dead plant that is

only used for the production of alternative organic fertilizer.

Fish gills - refers to the body part that helps a fish breathe underwater. In this

study, it refers to an organ considered as trash that is removed from the fish head to be

produced as fertilizer.

Soil - the upper layer of earth in which plants grow, a black or dark brown

material typically consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay, and rock particles. In
this study, it refers to the combination of clay and sand containing humus where plants

are able to grow.

Plant - a living organism of the kind exemplified by trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses,

ferns, and mosses, typically growing in a permanent site, absorbing water and inorganic

substances through its roots, and synthesizing nutrients in its leaves by photosynthesis

using the green pigment chlorophyll. In this study, plant refers to okra or scientifically

known as Abelmoschus esculentus which will be used as the test subject of the

researchers.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This study includes extensive research into the literature and studies which are

associated with the proposed investigation. It comprises of data about mixed seaweed and

fish gills as an alternative fertilizer.

Related Literature

Seaweed, also called as macroalgae is a multicellular species, generally

subdivided into red, green, and blue green growth because of their pigmentation as

indicated by phyla, rhodophyte, heterokontophyte, and chlorophyte. These seaweeds are

generally used in nourishment, drug, fertilizer, and bioethanol (Horn, 2009) generation.

The compound creations of seaweeds are sugars, proteins, minerals, lipids, etc. (Ito and

Hori, 1989; Marinho-Soriano et al., 2006; Painter, 1983; Renn, 1997; Schiener et al.,

2015)

Relatedly with the present study, this gives support to the seaweed as a fertilizer

for plants due to the reason that seaweeds are naturally used for many things and one of

that is for fertilizing plants which contains various beneficial compounds that promotes

growth to plants.

Phycocolloids are concoction mixes, known as polysaccharides separated from

ocean growth, they can frame gooey arrangements or gels. At present, the engaging

quality of marine biomass assets get more and consideration as a crude material for the

generation of phytochemicals, for example, alginic corrosive, carrageenan, and Agar–

agar. They are generally utilized in a few enterprises associated with the creation of some

nourishment materials, pharmaceuticals, beautifying agents, wellbeing, fertilizers,

materials, due to their gel shaping limits and water holding and ability to balance out

emulsions (Pilnik and Rombouts, 1985). The basic kelp polysaccharides like alginate,

fucoidan, carrageenan, ulvan, etc, have across the board use in sustenance, fertilizer,

medication, vitality, and mechanical applications.

 Hence, it is stated below the good properties of seaweeds that it contains a gel

forming capacity which contains water to balance out emulsions and it would help the

plants growth rate.

Seaweeds in Scotland, tracker gatherers settled the west of Scotland by at any rate

6000 B.C, supported by the plentiful beach front assets including seaweeds, which were

fundamental to their prosperity and have been utilized as far back as nourishment,

medication and fertilizer.

The article above, shows that seaweeds are one of the fundamentals in surviving;

that seaweeds are part of their day to day life used for medicinal purposes as well as to

keep their crops healthy.

The seaboard territory of Brittany has poor soil; however, it is wealthy in

seaweeds, lying beside a kelp timberland which stretches from Norway to Portugal. The

Laminaria (kelp), a dark colored seaweed that heaps up on the shorelines of Brittany, had

for some time been utilized as compost to enhance the land, and numerous different

seaweeds, called goémon locally, develop along the coast.

The article above, concludes that seaweeds are great in enhancing lands which

will help the researchers’ study with regards to seaweeds.

Fluid seaweed compost is natural and supportable and gives a huge swath of

supplements that can help a wide range of vegetation. Fluid kelp compost is not just

natural, yet it additionally originates from a practical source and can be gathered without

harming the earth.

The article proves that seaweeds fertilizer is far more organic than any other

fertilizer that contains chemicals. Furthermore, it can be gathered without harming the

environment and can also help the environment by gathering all floating seaweeds at

Mercedes bay and converting it to a fertilizer to extend its usefulness.

Fish side-effects are an economical and effectively accessible crude material

which have been generally discarded or utilized in creature feed or preparation, in

example; fish feed, fish oil and organic fertilizer.

 Subsequently to the proposed study, fish waste would be added along with the

seaweed and as a whole would create a high quality fertilizer and according to the article

above, it is stated that fish are naturally disposed as fertilizer.

The fish industry creates huge amounts of tissue squander and side-effects, which

is roughly half of the all-out handled fish. Despite the fact that this waste is for the most

part disposed of or sold at an extremely low cost as fertilizer or creature feed, fish oil can

be gotten from the fish results which could be utilized as feedstock for biodiesel

generation.

Complementary to this is the researchers study about fish waste partnered with

seaweeds; that instead of just throwing away all the fish waste, the researchers derived an

idea to why not make use of those fish waste that are piled up in one of the researchers

home town that caused negative impact to their environment due to its foul smell.

Various investigations of elective wellsprings of fish and shellfish dinner have

been directed due to the overall development of aquaculture and requests on feed (Kihara

et al. 2011, Tidwell and Allan 2001). High included worth fish protein hydrolysate (FPH)

can be industrially delivered from fish results through basic building (Chakraborty and

Madravan 1977, Kim et al. 2000) and can thusly be utilized as sustenance supplements

(Mackie 1982, Durand and Lagoin 1983, Merritt 1982), creature feed or manure

(Venugopal 1994).

With that said, fish waste would be great to add to the researchers’ study paired

along with the seaweed to promote an outrageous benefit to the crops.

Related Studies

The utilization of seaweeds as excrement in cultivating practice is exceptionally

old and basic practice among the Romans and furthermore rehearsed in Britain, France,

Spain, Japan and China. The utilization of marine large-scale green growth as manure in

harvest generation has a long convention in waterfront zones everywhere throughout the

world. Kelp cast kept on being so profitable to ranchers, even in the mid-1900s.
 This study explains that during the old times our ancestors already uses seaweeds

as fertilizers to keep their crops healthy.

In numerous nations, seaweeds and shoreline cast are as yet utilized in both

farming and agriculture. Numerous investigations in the previous three decades have

discovered wide application in current horticulture for the utilization of marine

macroalgae as compost. They are utilized as entire or finely slashed powdered algal

fertilizer or fluid concentrates. As of late the utilization of these marine macroalgae in

present day farming has been explored by numerous.

The study again shows that seaweeds are naturally good for fertilizing due to

numerous investigations seaweeds are used as whole or powdered fertilizer.

Kelp contain all trace elements and plant development hormones required by

plants. It was additionally announced that seaweed fertilizer is wealthy in potassium yet

poor in nitrogen and phosphorus then the homestead excrement. There are many plant

development hormones, controllers and advertisers accessible to upgrade yield traits.

Kelp fluid composts will be valuable for accomplishing higher rural creation, on the

grounds that the concentrate contains development advancing hormones (IAA and IBA),

Cytokinin, Gibberellins, follow components, nutrients, amino acids, anti-toxins and

micronutrients.

One of the advantages of seaweed fertilizer as stated above is that it would help to

achieve higher agricultural production which would make a big impact to the agriculture

of the Philippines.

(Stall, 1969) likewise saw that the estimation of seaweeds as manures was not just

because of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash content, yet in addition as a result of the

nearness of trace elements and metabolites. The higher measure of water dissolvable

potash, different minerals and trace elements are available in kelp and are promptly

consumed by plants and they control insufficiency sicknesses. The starches and other

natural issue present in seaweed adjust the idea of soil and improve its dampness holding

limit.
 Seaweed as fertilizer promotes minerals that plants needed to grow and once the

seaweed is added to the soil it improves its moisture.

In the present-day world, the seaweed fertilizers are regularly observed to be more

fruitful than the substance composts. In India, huge amount of naturally visible marine

green growth has been used legitimately as excrement or as manure by seaside people

groups.

The study above explains that organic fertilizers such as seaweed provides better

results to the crops rather than the chemical fertilizers.

Knowledge Gap

The gap between the proposed study to the related studies is the effectiveness of

the mixed seaweeds and fish gills as an alternative fertilizer. To what extent would it

affect a plant if both seaweeds and fish gills are mixed together in a form of fertilizer.
 CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, procedure, data gathering technique,

and statistical treatment that was used to analyze the data gathered.

Research Design

The primary purpose of this study was experimental in which the researcher

manipulates one or more variables, controls and measures any change in other variable.

The study will use two treatments such as T 0 and T 1. Treatment zero ( T 0) served as the

control group without any content of fertilizer, while treatment one ( T 1) contains the

fertilizer which is the mixed seaweeds and fish gills. Each of the treatment had three okra

plants having fifty grams (50g) of humus soil. The two treatments are replicated three

times with the same condition for reliability of the result. The plants for each treatment

had received same amount of soil, water and exposure to sunlight.

T 0: Control Group: No Fertilizer

T 1: Experimental Group: Organic Fertilizer

Ingredients

1. Fish gills

2. Seaweeds

3. Okra seeds

4. 300g Humus soil

Materials

1. Blender

2. 6 Regular Sized Plastic Cups

3. Measuring cup
 4. Ruler

5. Spray bottles

6. Strainer

Procedure

1. Prepare the ingredients needed. Gather the seaweeds from Bagasbas Beach of

Daet, Camarines Norte. Subsequently, fish gills will be obtained from the public

market of Daet Camarines Norte.

2. Place the sifted 50g of humus soil on each regular plastic cup.

3. Rinsed the seaweeds to remove excess salinity as well as the fish gills to remove

the dirt.

4. Blend the rinsed ingredients into the blender until it is liquified.

5. Strain the liquefied ingredients to remove the remaining residues.

6. Separately measure the extract of the seaweed and fish gills evenly.

7. Pour the measured extract of the seaweed and fish gills alternately in the spray

bottle until filled.

8. Shake the spray bottle thoroughly for the ingredients to mixed well.

9. Spray the organic fertilizer five times to the sifted humus soil on the plastic cup

then sow the okra seeds.

10. Expose the plastic cup outside, where it can receive enough sunlight.

11. Water the plants twice a day with an amount of 100 ml of water and at the same

time fertilize the plant amounting 5ml of the organic fertilizer.

12. Repeat step number 11 in the span of 30 days.

Data Gathering Procedure

In order for the researchers to complete the study, necessary data was collected

through factual observations which was done after 25 days in the span of 30 days of

experimentation. The researchers had determined the development and changes of the
plants based on the height, number of leaves, and circumference of the stem in which the

three factors mentioned was helpful in determining the comparison between the effects of

using the organic fertilizer which is the mixed seaweeds and fish gills on the growth of

okra plant. The data gathered were indicated in the data sheet for the better analysis of

comparing the effects.

Statistical Treatment

To interpret the data effectively, the researchers employed the T-test statistical

treatment. This had determined the comparison between the growth of a plant with the

use of the mixture of seaweed and fish gills as an alternative organic fertilizer and the

control group.

Formula:
 CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the results of using the mixed seaweeds and fish gills as an

alternative organic fertilizer in the growth of plants in terms of its height, number of

leaves, and circumference of the stem. The data gathered were shown in a data sheet.

Results

Effectiveness of the Mixed Seaweeds and Fish Gills as an Alternative Organic

Fertilizer to the Growth of Okra Plants

After 30 Days
Height (cm) Number of Leaves Circumference of the stem
R1 11.7 6 1.2
R2 11.5 6 1.1
R3 11.5 6 1.2
Total 34.7 18 3.5
Mean 11.57 6 1.17
Table 1: Effectiveness of 500 ml Application of the Fertilizer

In the table shown above, an application of 500ml of fertilizer caused the okra

plants to have a considerable increase in height, number of leaves and circumference of

the stem. After 30 days of application of the fertilizer, the height of the plant increased to

an average of 11.57 cm height. The circumference of the stem of the okra plant was

measured using a ruler which obtained a result of an average of 1.17 cm of circumference

of the stem. Lastly, the application of 500 ml of fertilizer had yielded an average of six

(6) number of leaves.

Difference of Using the Mixed Seaweeds and Fish Gills as an Alternative Organic
Fertilizer to the Control Group

T0 T1
Height (cm) 9 11.57
Number of Leaves 5 6
Circumference of the Stem 0.8 1.17
Table 2: Comparison Table of Treatment zero to Treatment one

The data shown in table 2 are the average of the results in terms of height, number

of leaves, and circumference of the stem after applying 500ml of fertilizer in each plants

of the experiment after 30 days. The statistical treatment t-test is utilized to determine the

difference between Treatment Zero and Treatment One. Treatment Zero is the control

group wherein the plants received no treatment but fell under the same condition as

treatment one which is the same exposure to sunlight and amount of water received every

day.

There is significant difference between the two (2) groups in terms of height

(F=2.57), number of leaves (F=1) and circumference of the stem (F=0.37) at the

significant level of 11.57 in height, 6 in number of leaves and 1.17 in circumference of

the stem. From the table shown, it is inferred that they have the different level when

treated with the mixed seaweeds and fish gills organic fertilizer.

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary, conclusion and recommendation as regards to

this research which is the effectiveness of using the mixed seaweeds and fish gills on the

growth of plants
Summary

The treatments involved in this study were the application of 500ml of the mixed

seaweeds and fish gills as an alternative organic fertilizer to the experimental group. On

the other hand, no treatment was applied to the control group but fell under the same

condition as the experimental group. Results were observed after 30 days of application.

Each plant received the same amount of exposure to sunlight, and water every day. The

experiment took a lot of observation for the researchers to see any significant differences

that took about 25 days for the researchers to notice some significant changes to the

experimental and control group.

In consequence, there is a (2.57) difference between the two groups in terms of

height, (1) difference in terms of the number of leaves and last but not the least (0.37)

difference in terms of the circumference of the stem. Applying 500ml of fertilizer caused

the okra plants to have a considerable increase in height, number of leaves and

circumference of the stem after 30 days of utilizing the fertilizer, the height of the plant

increased to an average at the significant level of 11.57 in height, 6 in number of leaves

and 1.17 in circumference of the stem; the circumference of the stem of the okra plant

was measured using a ruler. In this case, it is inferred that both experimental group and

control group have different level when treated or not.

Conclusion

Based from the data gathered, the researchers therefore conclude that the mixed

seaweeds and fish gills as an alternative organic fertilizer offers immediate benefit to the

plant as a food, having long-lasting effect of increased microbial activity which means it

enhances the strength and vigor of plants by increasing the amount of organic matter in

the soil. Fungi and bacteria breakdown nutrients to make them available to plant roots
and then loosen the dirt as they travel, reproduce, process nutrients and decay, leaving the

soil aerated with improved levels of organic matter. Plant roots grow faster and stronger

in this light, airy soil that is teeming with life.

Therefore, mixed seaweeds and fish gills as an alternative organic fertilizer does

not only improve soil health, but it also increases soil fertility by providing the primary

nutrients necessary for plants to thrive. Mixed seaweed and fish gills fertilizer offer a

source of burn-free nitrogen, along with the other primary nutrients of phosphorus and

potassium. Unlike synthetic options mixed seaweeds and fish gills fertilizer provides

secondary nutrients such as calcium.

Furthermore, seaweed contains several nutrients that benefit plants which gave

boost when mixed with fish gills. Among other nutrients, seaweeds also contain nitrogen.

Nitrogen is essential for the leafy growth of plants. Subsequently, seaweed also contain

potassium as well which helps plants to grow more vigorously when combined with fish

gills. Thus, resulting to have doubled the effect to the plant, in particular with having

seaweed or fish gills alone.

Recommendations

Based from the foregoing conclusion, recommendations were given as follows:

1. Farmers should be encouraged to use the mixed seaweeds and fish gills as an

alternative organic fertilizer as an additional option for them since the use of this

had a better result in terms of height, number of leaves, and circumference of the

stem.

2. Future researchers could further investigate this study by extending their

observation by including the presence of flowers and emergence of fruits in which

the researchers have failed to observe.

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Documentation

CURRICULUM VITAE

CONTACT INFORMATION
NAME: Wenlyn S. Abiera
ADDRESS: Moreno Street. Daet, Camarines Norte
CELL PHONE NO.: +63 950 8671924
EMAIL: abierawenlyn@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION
DATE OF BIRTH: March 27, 2002
PLACE OF BIRTH: Daet, Camarines Norte
CITIZENSHIP: Filipino

EDUCATION
ELEMENTARY: Moreno Integrated School
JUNIOR HIGHSCHOOL: La Consolacion College of Daet
SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL: La Consolacion College of Daet

CONTACT INFORMATION
NAME: Zyrah B. Francisco
ADDRESS: Alawihao Daet, Camarines Norte
CELL PHONE NO.: +63 919 711 2245
EMAIL: zyrahfrancisco@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION
DATE OF BIRTH: October 21, 2001
PLACE OF BIRTH: Labo, Camarines Norte
CITIZENSHIP: Filipino

EDUCATION
ELEMENTARY: Tabaco North West Central School
JUNIOR HIGHSCHOOL: La Consolacion College of Daet
SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL: La Consolacion College of Daet

CONTACT INFORMATION
NAME: Oryhens Charist Grace J. Pineda
ADDRESS: Brgy.1 Road 5, Purok 2 Mercedes, Camarines Norte
CELL PHONE NO.: +63 950 339 8424
EMAIL: chachapineda07@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION
DATE OF BIRTH: May 7, 2002
PLACE OF BIRTH: Mercedes, Camarines Norte
CITIZENSHIP: Filipino

EDUCATION
ELEMENTARY: Daet Elementary School
JUNIOR HIGHSCHOOL: Mabini Colleges of Daet
SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL: La Consolacion College of Daet

CONTACT INFORMATION
NAME: Dorothy N. Santiago
ADDRESS: Harmony Village II Mangcruz Daet, Camarines Norte
CELL PHONE NO.: +63 995 640 8707
EMAIL: ruth.santiago23@yahoo.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION
DATE OF BIRTH: August 23, 2001
PLACE OF BIRTH: Caloocan City
CITIZENSHIP: Filipino

EDUCATION
ELEMENTARY: Marulas Central School
JUNIOR HIGHSCHOOL: La Consolacion College of Daet
SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL: La Consolacion College of Daet