Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
BANGAN ODA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

AGNO, PANGASINAN

REQUEST LETTER TO CONDUCT RESEARCH STUDY

Dr. Angelo N. Rosete

School Principal IV
Bangan Oda National High School
Bangan Oda, Agno, Pangasinan

Dear Dr. Rosete,

We, the students from Grade 12 STEM are currently conducting research in our
Practical Research II subject as a requirement for this semester. The study we are
conducting is entitled, “The Effect of Mango (Mangifera Indica) Peel Liquid Fertilizer on the
Growth of Tomato Plants” - STEM Students of Grade 12 Bangan Oda National High School,
S.Y. 2022-2023.”
We would like to request your permission in performing our research within school
grounds of Bangan Oda National High School in order to fulfill the requirements of our
research paper. We can guarantee you that we will not bother and disturb any class or
activity and will conduct our study during vacant time or class dismissals.
We are looking forward to your favorable response. Thank you and God bless.

Respectfully your,
ALEXANDER N. ALANO
HEARTLYN JOY N. CORPUZ
NIERY G. NAVARRO
REGINE B. SABADO
JESSIE S. NAZARENO

Noted by:
MRS. MAY KATHLYN N. REBUSTILLO

Approved by:
DR. ANGELO N. ROSETE Ed.D
School Principal I
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN
BANGAN ODA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

AGNO, PANGASINAN

The Effect of Mango (Mangifera Indica) Peel Liquid Fertilizer on

the Growth of Tomato Plants

By:

ALEXANDER N. ALANO
HEARTLYN JOY N. CORPUZ
NIERY G. NAVARRO
JESSIE S. NAZARENO
REGINE B. SABADO

MRS. MAY KATHLYN N. REBUSTILLO

Research Adviser

ANGELO N. ROSETE, EdD

Principal IV

Second Semester
S.Y. 2022-2023
 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM

Review of Related Literature

Fertilizers are substances containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in them.

They supply the soil with nutrients to promote plant development and the performance of
plants. While they may have aided agriculture sector improves their harvests, according to
recent studies, common harmful effects of fertilizers on the environment and public health
(Belmonte, et al. 2021). The organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer are the two different
types of fertilizers. They were both designed to serve the same function, which is to
encourage plant development, yet they have different consequences on Mother Nature.
They both have different component elements. Whereas inorganic fertilizers are composed
of a combination of chemicals created by man and others that are naturally produced by
nature, organic fertilizers are formed entirely of organic materials or chemicals (Bffrancesss
n.d.).

The cultivated mango (Mangifera indica Linn.), which has been grown in India for the
past 6,000 years, is thought to have its origins in the Indo-Burman region. The mango is a
popular dessert fruit in Asia, and it is a significant commercial crop not just in India but also
in Sri Lanka, the Philippines, Thailand, Burma, Indonesia, and Malaysia. The mango is the
national fruit of India, Pakistan, and the Philippines. There are dozens of variants, with
Thailand's Tong Dum being one of the more well-known types. Mango leaves are used to
decorate homes at weddings and other festivals, and the tree is significant in rituals and
religious rites in South and Southeast Asia. In South and Southeast Asia, the tree is
significant in rituals and religious occasions, and mango leaves are used to decorate houses
for special occasions like weddings. The tree is a member of the Anacardiaceae family,
which includes hundreds of species as a result of seed dispersal. Mango trees under 10
years old may blossom and bear fruit every year. Mango trees range in height from 30 to
100 feet, depending on the species. The bark of the tree is somewhat rough and frequently
scarred by vertical fissures, while the leaves are plain and typically spirally arranged on the
twigs. During the pre-monsoon seasons, the tree blooms lavishly, producing long
inflorescences of pinkish-white flowers that mature in around four months (Dass n.d.).

The months of April and May are the summer and dry season, which is when the
mango ripens. The ripe fruit has non-edible skin and a large, elongated seed inside. The fruit
varies in shape and color, but is typically flattish oval with a "beak" at one end. Often, the
flavorful flesh is juicy, fibrous or not, sweet, and yellow to orange in hue (Dass n.d.).
 In 2021, mango is considered as the sixth globally produce fruit crop. The leading
fruit crops are bananas, watermelons, apple, oranges, and grapes (Shahbandeh 2023).
Mango is eaten as a dessert fruit or used to make processed goods, including jams, pulps,
and juices. Due to their disagreeable sensory qualities, mango peels and stones are typically
thrown away in both situations. Mango peels and stones are produced annually in amounts
of 15 to 25 million tons, according to Marçal and Pintado (2021) (Marçal, Campos and
Pintado 2022).

According to fruit varieties and extraction techniques, mango peel contains 5-11%
pectin, making it a possible source of dietary fiber. Other classes of polyphenols,
carotenoids, and vitamins are also present, all of which have good antioxidative and
functional qualities. Consequently, economic valorization of this byproduct is a viable goal.
According to earlier studies, the peel has significant levels of carbs (80%), crude fiber (8%),
and pectin (13%), as well as respectable amounts of proteins (4%) and lipids (2%), among
other nutrients (Wongkaew, et al. 2021).

Pectin is a structural heteropolysaccharide that is present in the major cell walls.

Pectin interacts with other cell-wall constituents to provide mechanical strength and
flexibility. Depending on the types and stages of maturation, pectin can be present in high
concentrations in practically all fruit components. Poly (1,4)-d-galacturonan, which serves as
the backbone of pectin, has carboxyl groups that can either be free acids or methyl ester
compounds. According to the percentage of esterified groups, pectin can be divided into two
classes: low-methoxyl pectin (LMP) (DE 50%) and high-methoxyl pectin (HMP) (DE >
50%).The latter is a great stabilizer and emulsifier that can be employed as a thickening and
gelling agent. It is also employed as a functional dietary element that substitutes for fat and
promotes good health. Pectin can also be used in pharmaceutical goods including patches
for wound healing and tissue engineering, as well as bioactive components, drug and gene
delivery molecules, and drug delivery systems (Wongkaew, et al. 2021).

The mango, commonly known as the "apple of the tropics," is regarded as the
national fruit of the Philippines. It is well-known around the world and frequently imported
from other tropical nations. When a mango has yellow skin and has reached its peak
sweetness, it is ripe. There are two varieties of sweet mangoes (manggang piko at
manggang kalabaw). The mango tree is fruitful, and birds eat its fruit. The so-called
(manggang kalabaw) mango is the most well-liked mango variety in the Philippines. It is
enormous and long, and when it is raw, it is quite sour and sweet when it is ripe. The
Philippines' entire continent is covered in mango plantations, which are frequently found in
the provinces. There are various kinds of (manggang indyano,piko, kalabaw, at manggang
mansanas) (Lumacad 2018).

The nation's mango capital, Guimaras Island, even had to postpone its yearly Mango
Festival in 2020 as a foreshadowing of the virus-ravaged year that would decimate the
sector. The value chain was negatively impacted by the pandemic's travel restrictions in
addition to the excessive rains. However, the Philippine Statistics Authority reports that local
mango production for the first quarter of 2021 generated 97.9 thousand metric tons—4.1%
more than it did for the same pre-pandemic period the previous year. The majority of the
output, at 81.13 thousand metric tons, were carabao mangoes. After fighting a kurikong
(cecid fly) invasion for the majority of 2020, the Ilocos Region emerged as the top producer,
an incredible achievement (Administrator n.d.).

Additionally, Agno, Pangasinan has a lot of mango (Mangifera Indica) trees plant,
mango peels where we can use as ingredient of organic fertilizer. The researchers' mission
is to develop a liquid fertilizer from mango peels to help our tomato farmers and gardeners
save money.

Theoretical Framework

1. Based on the Theory Behind Organic Farming (2019), Organic farming

involves more than just eliminating chemicals. It entails changing them.
Organic farming, which is based on mixed farming practices, encourages self-
sufficiency in terms of soil fertility, animal feeds, and other essential outputs.
2. According to Mineral Theory (1847), the amount of mineral fertilizer applied to
a field in the form of manure either increases or decreases in direct proportion
to the crops that are grown there.
3. Theory of Mineral Nutrients, According to Liebig, the chemical elements
potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N) are necessary for plant
growth. He claimed that both the atmosphere and water are sources of
carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) for plants (H2O).
4. According to Liebeg Theory of Manure And Fertilizer, Researchers end up
owing Liebig the first general theory of plant nutrition and the role of fertilizers
because, despite not contributing to the understanding of the process of
carbon assimilation gained by Priestley, Senebier, and others, nor to the
investigation of the nitrogen and ash constituents started by de Saussure,
 Liebig was able to construct a cogent theory of the course of nutrition from
these facts and presented it to the world with his work.
5. According to Justus Von Liebig, the Law of Minimum, claims that even when
all other essential nutrients are adequate, plant development will be poor if
one of the vital plant nutrients is low.
6. According to German scientist by the name of Albrecht Thaer. “Vitalistic
Humus Theory”, that plants consume dead animals and plants. According to
Thaer, the organic cycle includes both life and death.

Conceptual Framework

Organic Agriculture Act of 2010 (Republic Act No. 10068), is the important section of
legislation designed to support organic farming in the Philippines. It specifically aims to
encourage the production of food and other fibers in a way that is ecologically sound,
socially acceptable, economically successful, and technically practicable (Amending
Republic Act. 10068 2019)

Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990 (Republic
Act No. 6969 ), The State's policies include limiting or banning the importation, production,
sale, distribution, use, and disposal of chemical substances and mixtures that pose an
unreasonable risk to human health or the environment, prohibiting the entry of hazardous
and nuclear wastes, even in transit, and their disposal within the Philippine territorial limits
for any reason, and advancing and facilitating research and studies on toxins (“Toxic
Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990.” 1990).

Research Paradigm

The research's paradigm is depicted in Figure 1 and consists of the following: input,
process, monitoring & observation, and results.

Our research paradigm describes the methods we will take to conduct our
investigation on how mango (Mangifera Indica) peel liquid fertilizer affects tomato plant
growth.
 Process
I. We will cut the peels into pieces.

Input II. We will put in a 1.5 -liter bottle filled with

water.
Mango Peel Liquid
III. Let it sit in for 2 weeks before
Fertilizer.
extraction.
IV. After letting it sit in for few weeks, we
will begin the extraction process for the
liquid fertilizer which will be measured in
varying amounts through measuring cups.
V. It will be towards the tomato plants.

Monitoring and Observation

To be monitored by interval.

Factors to be observed
Output
Effects
Number of Yields of
Tomato Plants Plant Growth

Effectiveness

Height

Number of leaves

Figure 1. Research Paradigm of the Effects of Mango Peel Liquid Fertilizer as

Organic Fertilizer to Tomato Plants
Statement of the Problem

The main idea of this study is to find out the effects of varying amount of Mango peel
fertilizer as organic fertilizer to Tomato plants.

1. What were the tomato's measurements (height, width, and number of leaves) before
the application of fertilizers between organic and inorganic fertilizer?
2. After applying 100 ml of the organic and inorganic fertilizer, what are the tomato's
height, width, and leaf count?
3. What are the problems encountered before and after applying fertilizer?
4. Is there difference between 3 sets of tomato plants in terms of height, development,
number of leaves and width of stem?

Hypothesis

If the mango peel liquid fertilizer has a significant difference between the groups of
control, with inorganic fertilizer and group with mango peel liquid fertilizer.

Scope and Delimitation

The experiment will take place at the residence of the researchers at Sitio
Palonapoy, Bangan-Oda Agno, Pangasinan, and the study will be carried out there
as well. All relevant factors will be taken into account, including the setting and
environment in which the tomato plants will be planted, the type and quantity of soil
to be used, the amount and frequency of plant fertilizer applications, the dry weight
of each plant, the number of leaves, the growth rate, the height, the type of tomato to
be used, and the type of mango. As this study will use idea 3 groups with 10 tomato
plants in each group, the research will be conducted using an experimental method.
They will all receive the same amount of fertilizer, including organic and inorganic,
but one group will serve as the control because they are separated from the others.

Significance of the Study

Farmers - They should be able to use organic fertilizers for plants more effectively
thanks to this study, which will also provide new opportunities for recycling organic fertilizers
made from fruit peels.
 Students - If they intend to conduct any research similar to ours, they should use this
work as a guide. Also, it may help children understand the value of fertilizer and how they
can recycle fruit waste in this manner.

Community - This study will be successful because it will alter waste management
procedures, minimize the trash produced by mango peels, and promote their reuse as a
fertilizer byproduct.

Future Researchers - Future researchers might benefit from this study because it
might serve as the foundation for their project title and goals. Also, it will give them accurate
information regarding the effects of applying different amounts of mango peel fertilizer to
tomato plants as an organic fertilizer. The data from this study could be applied to their
analysis of related literature.

Definition of Terms

Organic Fertilizer – These fertilizers are made organically and contain nutrients that
can support the growth of plants like the tomato plant. They are used to boost yields and are
chosen based on how they affect the plant.

Mango Peel – It is the skin of the tomato and contains potassium and phosphorus. It
can be used again as plant fertilizer despite frequently being classified as fruit trash. It will be
applied to tomato plants to speed up growth, produce more leaves, and get taller..

Plant Growth – The growth of the tomato plant will be determined by the volume
and/or mass increase of the plant, whether or not new organs, tissues, cells, or cell
organelles are formed. This will also determine how efficient the banana peel liquid fertilizer
is at promoting plant growth.

Experimental Method - This approach uses controlled research techniques and

random subject assignment to test a hypothesis that is relevant to both the liquid mango peel
fertilizer and the tomato plant.

Fruit Waste Residue – The major goal of the study is to reuse mango peel as plant
fertilizer, and it includes good sources of multiple value-added components that can be
transformed into a by-product as long as such nutrients can be removed.
 CHAPTER 2

METHODOLOGY

The study's research technique is presented in this section. This contains a

discussion of the research design, data sources, research tool, data collection, and
statistical tools used to analyze the data.

Research Design

In order to perform this study, an experimental research design, a type of

quantitative research methodology, was employed. Experimental design refers to the
rigorous, controlled research procedure that makes it possible to draw exact
conclusions regarding a hypothesis.

The most methodical research strategy is used in experimental research,

which also uses the scientific method to carry out its investigation. It can be carried
out based on some of the findings from earlier forms of research and is recognized
as the gold standard because it entails doing experiments to draw conclusions. This
research is also known as hypothesis testing or a deductive research approach since
the researcher gathers information throughout the experiment that can be used to
support or deny a hypothesis.

Sources of Data

The source of data that is discussed through the locale of the study.

Locale of Study

The study will take place on the grounds of the researcher's residence at Sitio
Palonapoy, Bangan Oda, Agno, Pangasinan. The study will take place in the western
region of Pangasinan, in the town of Agno, which is easily accessible by land. By
conducting this study, we will be able to develop a less expensive organic liquid
fertilizer meant to replace expensive commercial fertilizer. It will also enable us to
explore new possibilities for recycling and reinventing peel waste residue as a
means of lowering waste residue from local communities, with mango peel serving
as the primary component for this study.
Instrumentation

The researcher will use the monitoring and observation approach as the
primary instrumentation of the study in order to give and collect as much information
as is pertinent to the investigation. The main tools required to help us gather the
necessary data for this study are 3 measurable cups, 1.5 liter water bottle container,
30 trash bags, water outlet & inlet, bamboo, and strainer. A statistical method will
used to build our garden in order to identify the amount of fertilizer used individually.

Data Collection

The researchers will ask Dr. Angelo N. Rosete, the principal of Bangan Oda
National High School, for permission to conduct the experiment on the effects of
different amounts of mango peel liquid fertilizer applied as organic fertilizer to tomato
plants in a plantation.

1. Buying
1.1. Researchers will buy tomato plants in the market where they have the
same age, number of leaves, and physical appearance.
2. Mango Peel Gathering
2.1. The first step in making the liquid fertilizer from mango peels is to start
collecting peel trash residue from neighborhoods and farms.
2.2. Afterwards, if any are available, customized flatbeds, motorcycles,
tractors, and other vehicles will be employed for its transportation.
3. Process and Application
3.1. When the seedlings have grown leaves, we will begin the peel
fermentation process.
(a) The mango's primary body, which is within the fruit, will be
separated from the peels, which are the skin.
(b) The first step in processing it will be to add water to the container,
add the mango peel, and then secure the lid.
(c) For fermentation, we'll keep it in a designated area for 15 days.
3.2. Each group of plants will get a different dosage of liquid fertilizer made
from fermented mango peel.
4. Observation and Monitoring
 4.1. The monitoring and observation method will be performed over the
course of ten days to ascertain the fertilizer's effects on the pechay
plants.
4.2. The observation of its outcomes, plant development, effectiveness,
height, and number of leaves for the gathering of data
5. Analysis, Conclusion, Recommendation
5.1. We will start analyzing the data after all the relevant information has
been collected to see whether the hypothesis matches the findings of
our study.
5.2. Following that, we will conclude up the research and offer suggestions
based on the findings.

Tools for Data Analysis

Statistical tool

Statistics includes the gathering, analyzing, and validating of data. Statistical analysis
is the process of putting various statistical operations on data to quantify it and use statistical
analysis. Descriptive data, including survey results and observational data, are included in
quantitative data. It can also be referred to as a descriptive analysis.

Researchers will use observation method is described as a method to observe and

describe the behavior of a subject and it involves the basic technique of simply watching the
phenomena until some hunch or insight is gained.

All study questions will use MS Excel as their primary statistical tool to guarantee
accurate data computation. Excel's Analyze Data feature gives you the ability to ask
questions about your data in natural language rather than needing to create laborious
algorithms. Additionally, high-level visual summaries, trends, and patterns are offered by
Analyze Data.

Ethical Considerations

Prior to gathering information from the respondents, the researchers secured

approval from the Bangan Oda National High School principal.

Common objectives of human research include comprehending actual phenomena,

researching efficient therapies, examining behaviors, and enhancing people's lives. Ethics
should be taken into account while choosing what and how to study. These elements help to
safeguard the legal rights of research subjects, the veracity of the study, and the integrity of
science. All of these issues must be considered, and a specific code of conduct must be
followed when collecting environmental data for this study. The environmental risk
management aspect of this study's ethical considerations involves identifying pollutants that
can affect the environment, taking action to lessen those effects, and preparing students to
study and do research in an unconventional and cross-cultural context.
 CHAPTER 3

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

(Introduction here)

Profile of the Respondents

Level of Implementation

Challenges

Action Plan

CHAPTER 4

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

(Introduction Here)
Summary

Conclusions

Recommendations