8.

022 Lecture Notes Class 21 - 10/23/2006

x = γ(x� + vt� ) γ > 1 (1)

vx�
t= γ(t� + c2 ) (2)
y= y� (3)
z= z� (4)

Electric Fields

Accelerate the capacitor!

Q Q·γ
σ= σ� = = γσ
L2 L2

E� ∝ σ
� � ∝ γσ
E

�
E�⊥ = γEperp (perpendicular)
 2

� = σ ẑ , so E�|| � = E�||
E
�0

E � = (E − vpx )
p�x = γ(px − vE)
p�y = py
p�z = pz

Force

Fx = dpx Energy
dt
1 2 (Fx Δt)2
Δx = 2 ax t ΔE = 2m
1 Fx 2 1 2
= 2 ( m )Δt = 2 mvx
 3

Force
dp�x
Fx� = dt�
Δp�x = γ(Δpx − vΔE)
2
= γ(Δpx − v (Fx2m
Δt)
)
From equation(2) Δt� = γ(Δt − vΔx
c )
= γ(Δt)(1 − vΔtF
2mc )
x

vF 2 Δt2
x
Δp�x γ(Δpx − 2m )
Fx� = Δt� = vΔtFx
γΔt(1− 2mc )
1
Δpx (1−cFx2 2m Δt· Δt
px )
= 1
Δt(1− 2mc vΔtFx )
Fx� = Fx · (1)
⇐⇒ Fx� = Fx (parallel)
Δp�y Δpy
Fy� = = D constant
Δt� γΔ(1 − DΔt)
Take limit as Δt → 0.
Fy� = Fy/γ (parallel)
⎧
⎨a� = a
y y
⎩m� = m/γ

FIG. 1: Wire with moving negative charges

λ+ = λ0 = λ+rest
λ− = −λ0 =
� λ−rest
λ−rest = − λγ0
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”Line” of moving negative charge

v � = u − v (speed of neg. charge relative to moving prime charge)

λ�+ = γv ·
λ0
λ�− = γv · λ−rest

λ0
= γv� · γu γv� = γu γv (1 − βu βv )
λ�− = − γγvu� λ0
λ0
= γu γv (1 − βu βv ) · γu
= γv (1 − βu βv )λ0
−λ�− + λ�+ = −γv (1 − βu βv ) ·
λ0 + λ0 · γv
= γv · βu βv · λ0

= γv λ0 vc·2u > 0 (Test charge flying , a charge on a wire )

E� = λ
2π�0 r
γv λ0 ·v u
= 2π�0 c2 · r
E� = uλ
2π�0 c2 · r
γv v
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Assuming current in wire, there is electric field perpendicular to wire

pulling on test charge
(reverse direction ⇒ reverse electric field, since −v)

(u is opposite of current direction, remember)