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OVERVIEW ON INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

Poster · February 2012

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 “OVERVIEW ON INDUSTRIAL SAFETY”
Amit K. Singh, Mayurkumar P. Patil, Rajesh V. Nagarale
Department of Chemical Technology, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon (MS) India

ABSTRACT Chemically Fire is an Oxidation Reaction.

Fire is defined as an unintended, undesired rapid MAJOR DISASTER
burning of combustible or flammable substance with
The chemical industry handles a variety of raw materials to evolution of large amount of heat, gaseous matter and
convert them into industrially useful chemicals. Millions of flame.
industrial accidents occur every year. In this accidents
large no. of workers lose their lives every year in the world. Classification of Fire:-
Accidents may cause injury which may sometime result in Class A –Combustible material, such as wood, grass,
death or certain displacement. The significance of Safety & paper, etc.
Health in chemical industries has been a vital issue in Class B –Oils, paint, gasoline, naphtha, fuel oil, or any
achieving productivity and an edge in the competitive other flammable liquid.
world. Small quantities of dangerous goods can be found in Class C – Fuels which are in gaseous state.LPG,
most workplaces. Whatever they are used for, the storage Acetylene, Methane, etc.
and use of such goods can pose a serious hazard unless Class D – Combustible Metals like magnesium, Sodium,
basic safety principles are followed. In chemical industries Potassium, Titanium, Zirconium, Other flammable
the process conditions depends on parameters like metals.
temperature, pressure, flow, etc. If the control elements of Class E – Electrical Appliances, machineries,
these parameters fail then it causes loss of control of the Fig. 8) Bhopal disaster in Fig. 9) Explosion of LPG in
Transformer, Generators, Panel Boards Etc.
process which may result in an emergency situation and if India,1984 resulting in over Mexico City, resulting in 680
Class K – Cooking Media Fires involving combustible
it is not controlled immediately then it may lead to disaster. 2000 fatalities and 200,000 deaths .
vegetable in commercial cooking equipment.
It can cause collapsing of equipments or leakage of injuries.
hazardous chemical or an explosion or a fire. There should
be proper control of elements and systems which control
the operating parameters, such as hot water supply, CONTROL OF FIRE
cooling water supply, refrigeration system, instrumentation,
air supply, blower system, fees pump, etc. The purpose of
To avoid the danger, inflammable materials should be
this Industrial Safety is to present information and rules
kept away from general storage and at a safe distance
the observance of which will be helpful in preventing
(minimum 50 ft). Fire extinguishers should be kept at
occupational injuries. The great majority of all injuries
suitable places.
connected with employment can be prevented by means
available to every employer and well within his resources to
CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)
apply.
Keywords:- Industrial Accidents, Accidents preventive PRESSURE GAUGE
measures, Chemical hazards & Causes, Safety principal & DISCHARGE (not found on CO2 • Class “B” or “C”
rules.
LEVER
extinguishers)
fires. Fig. 10) Explosion of cyclo-hexane Flexbarough in the
DISCHARGE CARRYING United Kingdom
LOCKING HANDLE • 2.5-100 lb. of CO2
PIN
AND SEAL gas at 150-200 psi
INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS (8-30 seconds
discharge time). CONCLUSION
Causes:-
•Poor design and construction of equipment and
DISCHARGE
HOSE
• Has NO pressure
machinery.
DATA PLATE gauge--capacity •How to become infected:-
DISCHARGE
•Unsafe physical conditions- Improper machine guards, NOZZLE verified by weight. 1. Hand-to-mouth contact(eating, drinking, smoking,
Improper ventilation, Acid valve leakage, Improper material • 3-8 ft. maximum wiping the face with contaminated gloves) – most
handling, etc. BODY effective range. common
•Personal factor – accidents occur due to lack of 2. Skin contact(cuts, scratches or wounds and some
• Extinguishes by organisms enter the body through the eyes).
knowledge, Physical weakness, age, health, carelessness,
etc. smothering 3. Breathing(either as dust or mist).
DISCHARGE
•Untested boilers and pressure vessels and their poor ORIFICE burning materials.
maintenance. •How to protect yourself:-
•Exposure to harm full substances. Fig. 2) CO2 Fire Extinguisher 1. Understand the risks
•Insufficient information about chemical hazards. 2. Understand how you may be infected.
3. Wear protective clothing.
MOST CONSTRUCTION SITES REQUIRE AT 4. Avoid sewage if possible.
. ACCIDENTS PREVENTIVE MEASURES
LEAST 5. Apply good personal hygiene.
• All boilers and process equipments must be kept in 6. Cleanse all wounds & cover.
proper condition. 7. Change out of contaminated clothing.
• Hoists, cranes, lifts and other material handling 8. Clean equipment & boots etc on site.
• Equipments must be sound constructions. 9. If in doubt - see your doctor.
• Physical conditions: sufficient lighting and ventilation
should be provided; floors should be free from oilyness,
and clean.
• Safety measures include special clothing for protection of REFERNCES
body such as gloves, aprons, goggles etc. Fig. 3) Safety-Helmets Fig. 4) Safety hand gloves
• All the tools should be kept at their proper places.
Workers should be trained about correct procedures and
they should be educated about safety precautions. 1) EarthBase “The Bhopal Disaster”
Prevention of electrical accidents : Following measures 2) Cohen, Gary “Bhopal And The New World
should be taken : Order” Third World Network
1. Electrical insulations should be periodically tested. 3) Glendon I. & Eugene F. McKenna, Human
2. Work should be done after switching the power OFF. Safety and Risk Management, 1995 (
3. Use such safety equipments as insulated tools and Chapman & Hall)
rubber gloves etc. 4)Earth Base “The Bhopal Disaster”
4. Electrical equipments must be proper and effectively 5)Organization for the Prohibition of
earthed. Fig. 5) Safety Nose Mask Fig. 6) Safety Goggles Chemical Weapons “Chemical Accidents:
Causes, effects and important influencing
factors”
CHEMICAL HAZARDS & CAUSES 6)www.firehouse.com-(Firehouse Magazine)
7)Consumer Products Safety Commission
Flammability, Explosivity, Toxicity, Corosivity, etc. are the 8) Fire precautions in the clothing and textile
basis of classification of chemical hazard. In chemical Industries IAC Guidance HSE Books 2000
industry there are four main hazards. ISBN 0 7176 1786 6
1. Fire hazard 9) Levitt R.E. & N.M. Samelson, Construction
2. Explosion hazards: Safety Management, 1987 (McGraw-Hill)
Fig. 7) Safety Boot
3. Toxic hazards 10)Glen don I. & Eugene F. McKenna, Human
4. Corrosion hazards Safety and Risk Management, 1995
Fire hazard: - (Chapman & Hall)
11)Cox, S. & Cox, T. (1996). Safety, systems
SAFETY RULES and people. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
10)Occupational Safety and Health
Standards, CFR29, Part 1910, OHSA, U.S
1. Be aware of the hazards of various types of flammable Department of Labor, 2001
Substance.
2. Be aware of the basic standards which apply to safe
handling and storage of flammable substances.
3 Introduce procedures to prevent accidents and protect
people from the hazards of flammable substances.
4. Find more detailed information when you need it.

Fig.1) Fire tetrahedron

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