Entry Exam – PhD / 2016-2017

Chemical Engineering Department

University of Baghdad
Date 3/8/2016 Time: 3 hrs

Q.1 Choose the right answer of the followings: (60 marks)

1. What is the effect of free stream velocity on thickness of boundary layer?

a. Increase in free stream velocity increases the boundary layer thickness
b. Increase in free stream velocity decreases the boundary layer thickness
c. The boundary layer thickness does not get affected by any change in free stream velocity
d. Unpredictable
2. The friction factor in fluid flowing through pipe depends upon
(a) Reynold's number (b) Relative roughness of pipe surface
(c) Both a. and b. (d) None of the above

3. What is temporal mean velocity?

(a) The average of velocities at a point over a certain period of time
(b) The average of velocities of a single particle over different locations in a fluid flow
(c) None of the above
4. The cylindrical portion of short length, which connects converging and diverging section of venture
meter, is called as
(a) Diffuser (b) Connector (c) Throat (d) Manometer tube
5. In which method of describing fluid motion, the observer remains stationary and observes changes in
the fluid parameters at a particular point only?
(a) Lagrangian method (b) Eulerian method (c) Stationary method (d) All of the above
6. The fluid will rise in capillary when the capillary is placed in fluid, if
(a) The adhesion force between molecules of fluid and tube is less than the cohesion between liquid
molecules
(b) The adhesion force between molecules of fluid and tube is more than the cohesion between liquid
molecules
(c) The adhesion force between molecules of fluid and tube is equal to the cohesion between liquid
molecules
(d) Cannot say
7. Boundary layer thickness is the distance from the boundary to the point where velocity of the fluid is
(a) Equal to 10% of free stream velocity (b) Equal to 50% of free stream velocity
(c) Equal to 90% of free stream velocity (d) Equal to 99% of free stream velocity

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 Entry Exam – PhD / 2016-2017
Chemical Engineering Department
University of Baghdad
Date 3/8/2016 Time: 3 hrs

8. Cavitation will begin when:

(a) The pressure at any location reaches an absolute pressure equal to the saturated vapor pressure of
the liquid
(b) Pressure becomes more than critical pressure
(c) Flow is increased
(d) Pressure is increased
9. When radiation falls on another body:
(a) All of it is absorbed.
(b) Either transmitted or absorbed.
(c) Partially absorbed, reflected or transmitted.
10. Heat transfer coefficients depend on:
(a) Mechanism of heat transfer. (b) The fluid properties.
(c) Cooled or heated fluid dynamics. (d) All of the above.
11. If the thermal conductivity is a non-linear function of temperature, a mean value can be expressed as:

(a) ∫ (b) ∫ (c) ∫

12. In unsteady state heat transfer by conduction in the X-direction, a partial differential equation is used
to find the temperature distribution with time and distance as:

(a) (b) (c)

13. Considering convective heat transfer from a surface to a fluid, a thin film covers the surface, where
in this film:
(a) Heat transfer is by conduction with the resistance to heat transfer is mainly there.
(b) Heat transfer is by convection with no resistance at all.
(c) Neither of the above.
14. View or geometric factor depends on:
(a) Geometrical configuration of each particulate system.
(b) Temperature difference.
(c) Area of the system.
15. In boiling heat transfer:
(a) Non-wettable surface is where the vapor bubbles spread out.
(b) Partially-wettable surface is where vapor bubbles rise from large number of sites.
(c) Entirely wetted surface where vapor bubbles leave when they are very small.
(d) All of the above are true.
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 Entry Exam – PhD / 2016-2017
Chemical Engineering Department
University of Baghdad
Date 3/8/2016 Time: 3 hrs

16. When a body of length L initially at uniform temperature T0 is exposed suddenly to a surrounding of
temperature T1, the temperature distribution at any time is given by:

(a) (b) (c)

17. For a fixed number of ideal stages in a distillation column, as the rflux ratio is increased, the
difference in composition between the top and bottom product streams.
(a) Passes through a maximum. (b) Remains unaffected. (c) Decrease (d) Increase
18. Molecular diffusion is caused by the:
(a) Transfer of molecules from low concentration to high concentration region.
(b) Activation energy of the molecules.
(c) Potential energy of the molecules.
(d) Thermal energy of the molecules.
19. Most important factor to be considered in the selection of packing for absorbers is the…….packing.
(a) Cost (b) Size (c) Durability (d) Porosity
20. Drying operation under vacuum is carried out to
(a) Dry materials having bound moisture content.
(b) Increase drying temperature.
(c) Dry those materials which have very high unbound moisture content.
(d) Reduce drying temperature.
21. In batch distillation with constant reflux, overhead product composition ……….with time.
(a) Increases (b) May increase or decrease, depends on the system.
(c) Does not vary (d) Decreases
22. Reboiler is considered as one theoretical plate, because:
(a) Reboiler itself contains one plate.
(b) Reboiler temperature is high temperature.
(c) Vapour is recycled to the column.
(d) of the assumption that vapour and liquid leaving the reboiler are in equilibrium.
23. Which of the following provides maximum contact surface for a liquid – vapor system?
(a) Sieve plate column. (b) Wetted wall column.
(c) Bubble – cap plate column. (d) Packed tower
24. Mass transfer rate between two fluid phases does not depend on the …….. of the two phases.
(a) Degree of turbulence. (b) Interfacial area.
(c) Physical properties. (d) Chemical properties

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 Entry Exam – PhD / 2016-2017
Chemical Engineering Department
University of Baghdad
Date 3/8/2016 Time: 3 hrs

25. Most liquid-phase reactions can be classified as:

(a) Homogeneous non-catalytic (b) Homogeneous catalytic
(c) Heterogeneous non-catalytic (d) Heterogeneous catalytic
26. The performance of tubular-reactor with high recycle ratio evaluated by:
(a) Plug flow kinetic equations (b) Mixed flow kinetic equations
(c) Batch reactor kinetic equations (d) Any one of the previous works fine
27. The unit of the reaction rate constant for second order reaction is:
(a) (time)-1 (b) (conc.) (time)-1 (c) (conc.)-1(time)-1 (d) Dimensionless
28. The volume of batch reactor depends mainly on:
(a) Time and temperature (b) Time only
(c) Time and reactant amount (d) Reactant amount only
29. In quantitative analysis of a certain reaction (A→R), instantaneous fractional yield of R can be
defined as:
(a) Moles of R formed/final moles of A+R (b) Moles of R formed/final moles of A only
(c) Moles of R formed/reacted moles of A (d) Moles of R formed/initial moles of A only
30. When activation energy of a certain reaction is very low, the conversion of limiting reactant material
is:
(a) Highly changing with temperature. (b) Decreasing with temperature.
(c) Approximately un-changing with temperature. (d) Reaching maximum at 298 K.
31. A designer made some calculation mistakes by ignoring the fractional change of volume in certain
zero order gas reaction (which equal to 0.7). What is your prediction for the conversion of the
limiting reactant (xA) that flow out from this reactor?
(a) Conversion increasing. (b) Conversion decreasing.
(c) Conversion did not affected. (d) Reactor never works!
32. The irreversible reaction is simply the special case if the of the reversible reaction in which:
(a) Kc= 0 (b) XAe=1 (c) CAe= 0 (d) CAo= maximum

33. What is the name of the following statement: “The total entropy of an isolated system always
increases over time, or remains constant in ideal cases where the system is in a steady state or
undergoing a reversible process.”?
(a) Zeroth law of thermodynamics (b) First law of thermodynamics
(c) Second law of thermodynamics (d) Third law of thermodynamics

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 Entry Exam – PhD / 2016-2017
Chemical Engineering Department
University of Baghdad
Date 3/8/2016 Time: 3 hrs

34. A container filled with a sample of an ideal gas at the pressure of 2.0 atm. The gas is compressed
isothermally to one-fourth of its original volume. What is the new pressure of the gas?
(a) 0.5 atm. (b) 1 atm. (c) 4 atm. (d) 8 atm.
35. The temperature of an ideal gas decreases from 40 °C to 20 °C, while the pressure stays the same.
What happens to the volume of the gas?
(a) It doubles (b) It is cut to one-half
(c) It slightly decreases (d) It slightly increases
36. An ideal heat engine operates between two temperatures 600 K and 900 K. What is the efficiency of
the engine?
(a) 11% (b) 33% (c) 66% (d) 99%
37. For an isothermal process, ΔS=:
(a) Q (b) Q/T (c) QT (d) Q+W

38. The work ratio of a gas turbine plant is given by

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

39. The azeotrope of a mixture of two or more liquids happens when

(a) Bubble point of the mixture greater than that for the heavier constituent
(b) The vapor has the same proportions of constituents as the un-boiled mixture
(c) Boiling point of the mixture equal to that of lighter constituent
(d) None of the above
40. A Carnot cycle:
(a) Is bounded by two isotherms and two adiabats on a p-V graph
(b) Consist of two isothermal and two constant volume processes
(c) Has an efficiency equal to the enclosed area on a p-V diagram
(d) Is any four sided process on a p-V graph

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 Entry Exam – PhD / 2016-2017
Chemical Engineering Department
University of Baghdad
Date 3/8/2016 Time: 3 hrs

Q.2 Answer the following questions (40%)

a. A Venturimeter is used for measuring flow of water along a pipe. The diameter of the Venturi throat
is two fifths the diameter of the pipe. The inlet and throat are connected by water filled tubes to a
mercury U-tube manometer. The velocity of flow along the pipe is found to be 2.5 m/s, where H
is the manometer reading in meters of mercury. Determine the loss of head between inlet and throat
of the Venturi when H is 0.49 m. (Relative density of mercury is 13.6, density of water = 1000
kg/m3, and g = 9.81 m/s2).

b. (1) What are the conditions to be assumed so a correction factor F can be used in the design of a heat
exchanger?
(2) For finned heat exchanger an equation is used to find the temperature distribution through the fin
as given below. What are the cases to solve this equation?
𝜃
(3) What is the concept of transfer units and the effectiveness in the design of heat exchanger?
c. (1) Discuss briefly how the minimum solvent requirement in absorption process may be determined?
(2) What do you understand by "liquid film controlling" in gas absorption? Suggest methods of
increasing the rate of transfer for this condition

d. Drive the equation of changing substance R with time for the reaction: ⇔ → . Notes:
1. A to R at rate 1, R to S at rate 2 and R return to A also at rate 2.
2. Rate 1 is larger than rate 2.
e. A steel casting (Cp= 0.5 kJ/kg K) weighting 40 kg and at temperature of 450 °C is quenched in 150
kg of oil (Cp= 2.5 kJ/kg K) at 25 °C. If there are no heat losses. What is the change in entropy of the
casting, the oil and both considered together?
f. A metal sphere with radius a and at a temperature θo is placed in a space at a lower temperature θ1.
Find the partial differential equation describing the change in the sphere temperature with the radial
distance and time. The density and specific heat of the metal are ρ and Cp respectively.

g. Solve the following 2nd ODE using Laplace transform:

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